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Ming, M.; Baowen, H.; Yu, M.; McCarthy, T. |
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Title |
Survey on Bird Species and Analysis on Bird Diversity in the Central Kunlun Mountains in the Early Winter |
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Year |
2010 |
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Arid Zone Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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27 |
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2 |
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227-232 |
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Keywords |
survey; species; analysis; diversity; central; Kunlun; mountains; mountain; winter |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1098 |
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687 |
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Author |
Mishra, C.; Allen, P.; McCarthy, T.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Agvaantserengiin, B.; Prins H. |
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Title |
The role of incentive programs in conserving the snow leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Conservation Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
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1512-1520 |
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Keywords |
Central Asia; community; conservation; herder; incentive program; India; livestock; Mongolia; pastoralists; poaching; retaliatory killing; snow leopard; Uncia uncia |
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Abstract |
Pastoralists and their livestock share much of the habitat of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) across south and central Asia. The levels of livestock predation by the snow leopard and other carnivores are high, and retaliatory killing by the herders is a direct threat to carnivore populations. Depletion of wild prey by poaching and competition from livestock also poses an indirect threat to the region's carnivores. Conservationists working in these underdeveloped areas that face serious economic damage from livestock losses have turned to incentive programs to motivate local communities to protect carnivores. We describe a pilot incentive program in India that aims to offset losses due to livestock predation and to enhance wild prey density by creating livestock-free areas on common land. We also describe how income generation from handicrafts in Mongolia is helping curtail poaching and retaliatory killing of snow leopards. However, initiatives to offset the costs of living with carnivores and to make conservation beneficial to affected people have thus far been small, isolated, and heavily subsidized. Making these initiatives more comprehensive, expanding their coverage, and internalizing their costs are future challenged for the conservation of large carnivores such as the snow leopard. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 904 |
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693 |
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Author |
Mishra, C.; Van Wieren S.; Ketner, P.; Heitkonig, I.; Prins H. |
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Title |
Competition between domestic livestock and wild bharal Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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73 |
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Pages |
344-354 |
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Keywords |
blue sheep,diet,grazing,rangeland,resource,ungulate,wildlife; 5320 |
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Abstract |
1. The issue of competition between livestock and wild herbivores has remained contentious. We studied the diets and population structures of the mountain ungulate bharal Pseudois nayaur and seven species of livestock to evaluate whether or not they compete for forage. The study was conducted in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya.
2. We compared resource (forage) availability and bharal population structures between rangelands differing in livestock density. Forage availability was estimated by clipping the standing graminoid biomass in sample plots. Livestock and bharal population structures were quantified through annual censuses. Seasonal diets of livestock were studied by direct observations, while those of bharal were quantified through feeding
signs on vegetation.
3. We found that livestock grazing causes a significant reduction in the standing crop of forage. Graminoid availability per unit livestock biomass was three times greater in a moderately grazed rangeland compared with an intensively grazed one.
4. There was considerable diet overlap among the herbivore species. In summer, bharal, yak Bos grunniens, horse Equus caballus, cow Bos indicus, and dzomo (yak-cow hybrids) fed predominantly on graminoids, while donkey E. asinus, sheep Ovis aries, and goat Capra hircus, consumed both graminoids and herbs. The summer diet of bharal was a subset of the diets of three livestock species. In winter, depleted graminoid availability caused bharal, yak and horse to consume relatively more herbs, while the remaining livestock species fed predominantly on graminoids. Diet overlap was less in winter but, in both seasons, all important forage species in the bharal diet were consumed
in substantial amounts by one or more species of livestock.
5. Comparison of the population structures of bharal between two rangelands differing in livestock density by
c. 30% yielded evidence of resource competition. In the intensively grazed rangeland, bharal density was 63% lower, and bharal population showed poorer performance (lower young : adult female ratios).
6.Synthesis and applications High diet overlap between livestock and bharal, together with density-dependent forage limitation, results in resource competition and a decline in bharal density. Under the present conditions of high livestock density and supplemental feeding, restricting livestock numbers and creating livestockfree areas are necessary measures for conserving Trans-Himalayan wild herbivores. Mediating competitive effects on bharal through supplemental feeding is not a feasible option. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 517 |
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695 |
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Author |
Murata, K.; Yanai, T.; Agatsuma, T.; Uni, S. |
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Title |
Dirofilaria immitis infection of a snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in a Japanese zoo with mitochondrial DNA analysis |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2003 |
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The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science |
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65 |
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945-947 |
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Keywords |
Dirofilaria immitis,Japan,snow leopard |
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Abstract |
Three dog heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) were detected in the lumen of the right cardiac ventriculus and of the pulmonary artery of a captive female snow leopard (Uncia uncia) that died of pancreatic carcinoma at a zoo in Japan. Neither clinical respiratory nor circulatory symptoms caused by the heartworm infection were observed. The filarial worms were identified as D. immitis from the morphologic characteristics of the esophagus, the presence of faint longitudinal ridges on the cuticular surface, the situation of vulva posterior to the esophagus, and the measurements of the body. The heartworms from the snow leopard were identical to that of D. immitis from dogs in the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I region in the mitochondrial DNA. This host record is the first of D. immitis in U. uncia. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 892 |
Serial |
707 |
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Author |
Myroniuk, P. |
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Title |
Snow leopards down under |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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7 |
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25-25 |
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Keywords |
snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1088 |
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709 |
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Author |
Namgail, T.; Fox, J.; Bhatnagar, Y. |
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Title |
Carnivore-Caused Livestock Mortality in Trans-Himalaya |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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39 |
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490-496 |
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Keywords |
Gya-Miru; livestock depredation; Lynx; snow leopard; trans-himalaya; wolf |
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Abstract |
The loss of livestock to wild predators is an important livelihood concern among Trans-Himalayan pastoralists. Because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of the region, few studies have been carried out to quantify livestock depredation by wild predators. In the present study, we assessed the intensity of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia, Tibetan wolf Canis lupus chanku, and Eurasian lynx Lynx l. isabellina in three villages, namely Gya, Rumtse, and Sasoma, within the proposed Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary in Ladakh, India. The three villages reported losses of 295 animals to these carnivores during a period of 2.5 years ending in early 2003, which represents an annual loss rate of 2.9% of their livestock holdings. The Tibetan wolf was the most important predator, accounting for 60% of the total livestock loss because of predation, followed by snow leopard (38%) and lynx (2%). Domestic goat was the major victim (32%), followed by sheep (30%), yak (15%), and horse (13%). Wolves killed horses significantly more and goats less than would be expected from their relative abundance. Snow leopards also killed horses significantly more than expected, whereas they killed other livestock types in proportion to their abundance. The three villages combined incurred an estimated annual monetary loss of approximately $USD 12,120 amounting to approximately $USD 190/household/y. This relatively high total annual loss occurred primarily because of depredation of the most valuable livestock types such as yak and horse. Conservation actions should initially attempt to target decrease of predation on these large and valuable livestock species. |
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SLN @ rana @ 924 |
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712 |
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Namgail, T.; Fox, J.; Bhatnagar, Y. |
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Title |
Habitat shift and time budget of the Tibetan argali: the influence of livestock grazing |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Ecological Resources |
Abbreviated Journal |
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22 |
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25-31 |
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Keywords |
habitat shift; livestock; Tibetan argali; Time budget; trans-himalaya |
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Livestock production is the primary source of livelihood and income in most of the high steppe and alpine regions of the Indian Trans-Himalaya. In some areas, especially those established or proposed for biodiversity conservation, recent increases in populations of domestic livestock, primarily sheep and goats, have raised concern about domestic animals competitively excluding wild herbivores from the rangelands. We
evaluated the influence of domestic sheep and goat grazing on the habitat use and time budget of the endangered Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in the proposed Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India. We asked if the domestic sheep and goat grazing and collateral human activities relegate the argali to suboptimal habitats, and alter their foraging time budgets. Data were collected on habitat use and time budget of a population of c. 50 argalis before and after c. 2,000 sheep and goats moved onto their winter pasture in the Tsabra catchment of the aforementioned reserve. Following the introduction of domestic sheep and goats, argalis continued to use the same catchment but shifted to steeper habitats, closer to cliffs, with lower vegetation cover, thus abandoning previously used plant communities with denser cover. Argalis' active time spent foraging also decreased by 10% in response to the presence of livestock. These results suggest a clear disturbance effect of livestock on argalis, and indicate a potential for competition, conceivably a significant disadvantage for argalis in winter when forage availability is minimal. |
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SLN @ rana @ 926 |
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713 |
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Author |
Nardelli, F. |
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Title |
Keeping and breeding snow leopards at the Rare Felids Increasing Centre, Nettuno, Italy |
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1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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3 |
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63-66 |
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Keywords |
breeding; captive; felids; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1033 |
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715 |
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Author |
Nath, A. |
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Title |
Some observations on wildlife in the Upper Suru/Northern Zanskar/Markha Valley of Ladakh |
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1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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3 |
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11-24 |
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International; Ladakh; observations; pedigree; snow leopard; valley; wildlife |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1034 |
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716 |
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Author |
Nishine, Y. |
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Title |
The captive snow leopard programme (SSCJ) in Japan |
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Book Chapter |
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1998 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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7 |
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21-25 |
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Keywords |
captive; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Japan; International; pedigree; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1089 |
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721 |
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