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Author Geptner V.G. url 
  Title Genus snow leopard or irbis Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. 2, Part 2. Issue Pages  
  Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; identification; phylogeny; distribution; number; life history; use.; 6760; Russian  
  Abstract It describes genus and species features of snow leopard such as appearance, skull, sizes, phylogenetic links, distribution, geographic variability, biology including number, habitat, refuges, activity in daylight and night, behavioral patterns, reproduction, enemies and rivals, and practical use of the species.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of the Soviet Union. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 654 Serial 336  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Flint V.E. url 
  Title The cats – Felidae Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1970 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 149-164  
  Keywords Ussr; Felidae; taxonomy; distribution; snow leopard.; 6700; Russian  
  Abstract Description of 12 cats species from USSR (Felis silvestris, Felis libyca, Felis euptilura, Felis chaus, Felis lynx, Felis caracal, Felis •…‹u1, Felis margarita, Felis tigris, Felis pardus, Felis uncia, Aci‹Œ‹¢o jub…tus) is given. Snow leopard inhabited in mountain ridges of Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Altai and Sayan.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of USSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 648 Serial 279  
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Author Korelov M.N. url 
  Title The vertebrates of Bostandyk region Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1956 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 269, 314  
  Keywords Western Tien Shan; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 7230; Russian  
  Abstract Data about faunistic complexes of Bostandyk region is provided. Snow leopard inhabited in high mountains of Chatkal, Pskem and Ugam ridges. The tracks of irbis were recorded in the snowfield near the edge of Pskem ridge (upper Ichnach-say river).  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and economic conditions in the mountain part of Bostandyk. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 701 Serial 550  
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Author Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P. url 
  Title Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1971 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals. Issue Pages 234-235  
  Keywords Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 844 Serial 1069  
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Author Moiseev V.A. url 
  Title Mountain nature Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 86  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; preys; Red Data book; snow leopard.; 7680; Russian  
  Abstract The snow leopard inhabits the upper belt of the Tien Shan, Hissar Alai and Pamir mountains. More often it hunts for wild ibexes. Irbis avoids meeting … man, and even wounded it rarely attacks him. At the beginning of spring … snow leopard gives birth to two-five cubs. It lives up to 21 years. The snow leopard is registered in the Red Data Book of USSR and IUCN Red List.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature of Middle Asia in objective. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 746 Serial 701  
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Author Esipov A.V. url 
  Title Distribution and Numbers of the Siberian Ibex in the Hissar Nature Reserve, Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 76-78  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Hisssar nature reserve; wild ibex; distribution; number; predators; snow leopard.; 6640; Russian  
  Abstract It describes distribution and number of ibex in four parts of the Hissar nature reserve in Uzbekistan. The total number of ibex is estimated to be 1,500 animals. The natural enemies of ibex are snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Data about ibex's food, seasonal migrations, and threats are given. Decreasing forage reserve and poaching are considered as the most serious threats. A buffer zone is suggested to be established in the areas adjacent to Tajikistan and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Necessity of nature protection in South Uzbekistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 642 Serial 258  
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Author Novikov G.A. url 
  Title Sub-genus UNCIA Gray Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1956 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 274-277  
  Keywords Ussr; Central Asia; uncia; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; highly mountain; reproduction; Migration; use.; 7760; Russian  
  Abstract Identification features of the sub-genus Uncia (colour; length of body and tail; shoulder height, and skull measurements) are given. Distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, commercial value of snow leopard in the USSR is described.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Predatory mammals of the USSR fauna. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 754 Serial 726  
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Author Esipov A.V. url 
  Title Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 48-49  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard; 6600; Russian  
  Abstract There are two isolated snow leopard populations in Uzbekistan, both of which are located along the fringe of the species' distribution. These groups are the Pamir-Alai and the Tien-Shan, of which are united to snow leopard range in neighboring Tadjikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from animals inhabiting the Hissar Nature Reserve, the Pamir-Alai population consists of animals inhabiting the upper portion of the Tupalang River basin and the mountains around Baisuntau. This population is currently estimated at about 30 individuals, from which as many as 10 individuals are reported to be killed or captured annually. However, we suspect the loss rate is more like five to eight individuals, with the entire Pamir-Alai group in Uzbekistan numbering 22 – 25 animals. The Tien-Shan snow leopard sub-population group of Uzbekistan occupies the high-mountain portions of practically all of the large ridges in the area, including Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam and Talass Alatau. The number of snow leopards harvested from this sub-population appears to be five or seven individuals, with the total number placed at 27-32 individuals. The major factors restricting snow leopard numbers in Uzbekistan appears to be poaching of both snow leopard and its large prey species like ibex, as well as disturbance associated with the intensive development of the alpine lands for pasturing livestock. In order to preserve the snow leopard in Uzbekistan it will be necessary to control and eliminate poaching. Additional habitat could be provided by expanding the Chatkal Nature Reserve by adding lands in the Shavassai River basin as well as Akbulak River basin.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 638 Serial 255  
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Author Loginov O. url 
  Title Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 39-41  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; number; distribution; threats; protected areas; conservation activity; snow leopard.; 7590; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopards are to be found in the most extreme eastern, southeastern and southern mountainous regions, including the Altai. Saur, Tarbagatai. Dzhungarian, Alatau, Northern and Western Tian-Shan ranges. The snow leopard or irbis is the most rare in eastern Kazakstan in the ranges of Katunskie Belki, South Altai, Kurchumski, Sarymsakty, Saur and Tarbagatai. Total snow leopard population in Kazakstan is estimated at no more than 100-110 animals, including 20-25 in the central part of the Zailisky-Alatau. Although there are nine protected areas in Kazakstan, snow leopards are only regularly reported

from the Aksu-Dzhabagly and Almaty reserves and occasionally in Markakolsky Reserve. The major threats to the species include: Deliberate poaching with the aim of selling the valuable fur of the snow leopard; habitat loss resulting from the expansion of human activity in its mountain habitat, and deliberate or retaliatory killing by shepherds in response to predation upon livestock.
 
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 737 Serial 623  
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Author Aizin B.M. url 
  Title Distribution, number and seasonal behavioral patterns of Panthera uncia Scheber in Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. 1. Issue Pages 19-20  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5900; Russian  
  Abstract In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard can be met almost in all mountain ridges (Kok-Kiya, Atbasha, Kyrgyz, Terskey, Kungei, Talas, Chatkal, Alai, Zaalai), where it keeps to alpine meadow, woodless rock and snowfield zones. The number of snow leopard does not exceed 1,500 animals. Seven to 10 animals are annually caught for the needs of zoo-export.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 569 Serial 45  
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Author Allayarov A.M. url 
  Title Materials on geographical distribution of wild cats in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1963 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 15-16  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Felidae; distribution; habitats; snow leopard.; 5980; Russian  
  Abstract It describes the distribution and habitats of eight Felidae species in Uzbekistan, such as snow leopard, leopard, lynx, caracal, chaus, manul, sand cat, and steppe cat.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of third all-Union meeting on zoogeography of land. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 577 Serial 64  
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Author Kolosov A.M. url 
  Title Central Asia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 93-104  
  Keywords Central Asia; mountain system; species composition; distribution; number; habitats; rare species; endemics; game species; mammals; snow leopard.; 7190; Russian  
  Abstract It describes a mammal species composition in the mountain ecosystems of Central Asia Kopetdag, Hissaro-Alai and Pamir, Tien Shan, and Tarbagatai ridge. Data on distribution and population number is presented.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and enrichment of the USSR fauna. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 697 Serial 546  
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Author Sokolov V.E. url 
  Title Snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 349-350  
  Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 8250; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard is an endangered species. Its number is steadily decreasing. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia: Pamir, Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur. It is also met at altitudes ranging from 1,800 3,500 m above sea level. A total number of snow leopard in the USSR does not exceed 1,000 animals; according to other data 2,000 animals. A decreasing number of snow leopard and its habitat shrinkage is directly related to human's pursuing snow leopards (in the USSR snow leopard was for a long time being considered as a species causing damage to livestock so authorities gave premiums for catching/shooting snow leopards) and reduction of ungulate population. Snow leopards are now protected in mountain nature reserves of the USSR: Chatkal, Aksu-Djabagly, Ramit, Besh-Aral, Sary-Chelek, and Alma-Ata.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals. Mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 803 Serial 908  
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Author Dementiev G.P. url 
  Title Mammals Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 19-27  
  Keywords Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; fluctuation; threats.; 6490; Russian  
  Abstract It provides a list and discusses a status of rare and endangered predators and ungulates in the USSR (24 species in total). Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, in the Altai and Tuva. The habitat of snow leopard had not changed significantly since recently, though its population had been reducing (according to materials of the year 1967). Such reduction of its population is because of the common assumption of its harmfulness and high demand for its fur-skin and high prices that zoos would readily pay for the animals.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 627 Serial 234  
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Author Pokrovskiy V.S. url 
  Title Mammals Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 19-28  
  Keywords Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7930; Russian  
  Abstract The work presents a preliminary list of rare and endangered predatory and ungulate species. Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and sometimes is met in the Altai and Tuva. Despite its habitat has not changed since recently, number of snow leopard is decreasing. Snow leopard population is reducing because this species is believed to be dangerous, as its skin is of high and sustainable demand, and because of high prices zoos will readily pay to buy snow leopards. Shepherds, local hunters and geologists hunt snow leopard.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 771 Serial 779  
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Author Sokov A.I. url 
  Title About rare carnivores of Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 97-102  
  Keywords Tajikistan; Pamir; conservation; rare species; carnivores; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 8210; Russian  
  Abstract The data on distribution of 10 species of rare carnivores in Tajikistan are given. Uncia uncia uncia inhabits in high mountain regions of Central Tajikistan and Mountain-Badakhshan province. Tajikistan has banned the hunting of snow leopard since 1968. Author proposes to establish of nature reserves in Eastern Pamir in Aksay and Modur, in basin of Istyk river as well as in area from Matcha village to Zeravshan glacier including Southern Turkestan ridge and Northern Zeravshan ridge for purpose of snow leopard conservation.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of USSR fauna. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 799 Serial 912  
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Author Esipov A.V. url 
  Title Snow Leopard (Irbis) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. II. Animals. Issue Pages 218-219  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Red Data book; category of threat; number; distribution; threats; snow leopard.; 6650; Russian  
  Abstract Critically Endangered l (CR C2a(i); D), locally distributed western subspecies of Central Asian species. It occurs in Western Tien Shan and Western Pamir Alay. It inhabits middle and high belts of the mountains. It prefers watersheds and rocky talus slopes. It never was numerous; last decades the numbers have been decreasing. In 1980's-1990's in Hissar nature reserve 5-11 individuals were counted, in 1970's-1980's in Chatkal nature reserve the 1-3 specimens were observed. Perhaps, total number is 20-30 individuals. The threats are development of high mountain pastures, decreasing of prey numbers, human persecution and poaching. Included in the IUCN Red List [EN] and in Appendix I of CITES.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of Republic of Uzbekistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 643 Serial 259  
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Author Sokov A.I. url 
  Title Snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 151-152  
  Keywords Tajikistan; Red Data book; snow leopard; decline; protection; distribution; number; life-history; protected measures.; 8230; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard distributed in Pamir, Mountain Badakhshan (2500-5500 masl). Its number assessed as 250-350 individuals. There were recorded 450 snow leopards in 1950s-1960s.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of Tajikistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 801 Serial 914  
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Author Grachev Yu.A. url 
  Title Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Part 1. Vertebrate animals. Issue Pages 64-67  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; snow leopard; distribution; historical range; conservation.; 6790; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard is rare and endangered species. At present it is met in Tien Shan and the spurs: in the ridges of Pskem, Ugam, Karjantau, Talas, Kyrgyz, Zailiyskiy, Ketmene, Kungei Alatau, Terskey Alatau, as well as Jungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saure, and Altai. In 19th century, snow leopard used to be met in the Karatau ridge (the Syrdarya ridge). Over the last two decades population of snow leopard reduced due to increased development of mountainous areas and reduction of wild animal populations (ibex, argali, morals, marmots, etc.). In Kazakhstan, snow leopard is protected in the Aksu-Djabagly and Alma-Ata nature reserves.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kazakh SSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 657 Serial 341  
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Author Grachev Yu.A. url 
  Title Snow leopard Uncia uncia Sch. 1775 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. 1. Animals. Issue Pages 73-75  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Red Data boo; category of threat; distribution; number; biology; threats; conservation measures.; 6800; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard is a rare species with shrinking habitat and decreasing population (category III). It is distributed in Tien Shan (the ridges of Karjantau, Ugam, Talas, Kyrgyz, Zailiyskiy, Kunghey, Terskey, Ketmen), Djungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur, and South Altai. This species has disappeared in the Syrdarya Karatau and the mountains of North Tien Shan. Its total number in Kazakhstan is estimated to be 180-200 animals. The threats are reduction of mountain ungulates and poaching. Snow leopard is protected in the Aksu-Djabagly, Alma-Ata, and Markakol nature reserves and the Alma-Ata, Lepsin, and Tokhta sanctuaries. The Djungar nature reserve needs to be established.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kazakh SSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 658 Serial 342  
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Author Aizin B.M. url 
  Title Snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 22-23  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; biology; number; fluctuation; protection.; 5930; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard is a rare and endangered species, distributed in all mountain ridges of Kyrgyzstan. Its population is 1,400 animals, density being 0.2 0.5 animal per 1,000 ha. Its population was noticed to decrease in some ridges because of decreasing populations of mountain ungulates. 200 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export over the last 20 years. This species is protected in the nature reserves Sary Chelek, Besh Aral, and natural park Ala Archa.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kyrgyz SSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 572 Serial 47  
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Author Lavrov N.P. url 
  Title Snow leopard, or irbis Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 58-60  
  Keywords Ussr; Russia; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; number; life history characteristics; conservation measures.; 7570; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775, has status I, that is rare, non-numerous and endangered species. Information about its distribution, habitats, biology, number, existing and required conservation measures in the RSFSR and USSR is provided. Total population in the USSR is 800 1,000 animals.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the RSFSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 735 Serial 613  
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Author Matyushkin E.N. url 
  Title Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol.1. Issue Pages 42-43  
  Keywords Ussr; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; number; life history characteristics; conservation measures.; 7620; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775, was included in the Red Data Book of the USSR and given status III rare species with small habitat. It provides information about its distribution (from Pamir and West Tien Shan to East Sayans), habitat, biology, number, threats, and existing and required protection measures. Total number in the USSR is about 2,000 animals. There were 194 snow leopards in the zoos throughout the world at the beginning of 1980. In the USSR the species is under protection in nature reserves as follows: Ramit, Chatkal, Besh Aral, Aksu Jabagly, Sary Chelek, Almaty, Altai.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red data Book of the USSR. Rare and endangered animal and plant species. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 740 Serial 651  
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Author Persianova L.A. url 
  Title Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. 1. Issue Pages 32-33  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard; status of threat; distribution; habitats; number; life-history; threats; conservation measures.; 7880; Russian  
  Abstract Status of snow leopard in Uzbek Red Data Book is rare species with reducing population. It provides data concerning distribution, habitats, biology, threats, and existing and required snow leopard protection measures in Uzbekistan. This species is distributed in the Kurama, Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. Its population is about 10 animals. There are two snow leopards in the Tashkent zoo. This species is protected in Zaamin, Kizilsu, Miraka, and Chatkal nature reserves.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 766 Serial 769  
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Author Zimina R.P. url 
  Title Biology and biotopical distribution of mammals. Predators. Distribution of mammals by vertical zones Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1964 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 25-27  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Issy-Kul derression; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 8820; Russian  
  Abstract Fauna of the Issyk-Kul depression and the surrounding ridges consists of heterogeneous elements different in their ecologic features and origin. In highlands, more common are species of Central Asia's origin (gray marmot, snow leopard, dhole, ibex, argali, etc.). Snow leopard is met in Terskey-Alatau. Each year hunters catch/shoot one to three snow leopards in the Chon-Kizilsu river basin. In the Djeti-Oguz district, up to five eight snow leopards are caught each winter. Snow leopard is also caught/shot in the river basins Chon-Kizilsu, Karabatkak, Ortok, Archtor, Tekeletor, and Shatly.  
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  Notes (up) Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Regularities of vertical distribution of mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 859 Serial 1090  
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