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Author Calle, P.P.; Colter, S.B.; Taylor, R.A.; Wright, A.M.   
  Title Extramedullary thoracolumbar fungal (scopulariopsis-brumptii) abscesses in 2 snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) littermates Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 346-353  
  Keywords medecine; veterinary; medical; zoo; medicine; thoraclumbrar-fungal; browse; 1490  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 131 Serial 207  
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Author Desch, C. url 
  Title A new species of hair follicle mite (Acari: Demodecidae) from the snow leopard, Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) (Felidae) Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication International Journal of Acarology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 63-67  
  Keywords snow-leopard; mites; mite; zoo; zoos; veterinary; medical; medicine; snow leopard; browse; 1440  
  Abstract A new species of Demodex is described, in all instars, from the rare and endangered snow leopard, Panthera uncia. This represents only the second demodecid from the family Felidae and the first from a wild cat species. The mite specimens were taken from juvenile hosts raised in captivity. Demodex uncii sp. nov. closely resembles Demodex cati.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 190 Serial 236  
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Author Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S. url 
  Title The Mountain Ungulates of Ladakh India Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 58 Issue Pages 167-190  
  Keywords ungulates; predator; prey; Ladakh; India; browse; 1900  
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  Notes (up) Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 180 Serial 298  
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Author Freeman, H. url 
  Title Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 1-22  
  Keywords behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600  
  Abstract Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 60 Serial 319  
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Author Gaston, A.J.; Garson, P.J.; Hunter, M.L. url 
  Title The status and conservation of forest wildlife in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalayas Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 291-314  
  Keywords Himachal; park; conservation; Himalayas; reserves; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 890  
  Abstract The wildlife of temperate forest ecosystems in the Western Himalayas is threatened by destruction of habitat and hunting. Two species of pheasants occuring in the survey area (western tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus and cheer pheasant Catreus wallichi) are listed in the IUCN Red Data Book (1979). Small populations of both species were located and information on their habitat requirements was obtained. The status of most large mammal species appears to be precarious, with the populations encountered being small and fragmented. Species formerly common but now rare include Himalayan brown bear Ursus arctos, Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus moschiferus. The snow leopard Panthera uncia has disappeared completely from the area.-from Authors  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 58 Serial 333  
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Author Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. url 
  Title Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 223-237  
  Keywords Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390  
  Abstract An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 279 Serial 345  
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Author Heinen, J.T.; Metha, J.C. url 
  Title Conceptual and legal issues in the designation and management of conservation areas in Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue Pages 21-29  
  Keywords Nepal; conservation; protected area; management; browse; 70  
  Abstract The modern era of wildlife and protected area conservation in Nepal began in 1973 with the passage of comprehensive legislation, and has evolved very quickly as new priorities and problems have emerged. Here we explore the legal and managerial development of conservation areas, a recently-defined category of protected area designed to promote conservation through local-level participation and development. A review of the Conservation Area Management Regulations of 1996 shows that there are several potential problems inherent in this designation. As written, the regulations move power from the government to organizations under governmental contract. Thus, management authority largely remains top-down from the standpoint of local users. We also question how well the designation will protect some sensitive wildlife species, since organizations do not have law enforcement authority under Nepalese legislation.

Despite these concerns, there have been several successful conservation area programmes in existence in Nepal since the 1980s and most of the issues addressed are surmountable with the current regulations, providing that several criteria are met. We propose that His Majesty's Government and organizations under contract develop more definitive methods of disbursing funds for local-level projects, and institute social impact assessments. In addition, more attention must be paid to wildlife law enforcement; independent assessments of important wild populations and unique habitats are needed. Finally, we discuss some broader issues that should be better addressed in Nepal and elsewhere, including cross-sectoral coordination within the government.		  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 361 Serial 377  
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Author Jackson, R.; Hillard, D. url 
  Title Tracking the elusive snow leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication National Geographic Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 169 Issue Pages 792  
  Keywords tracking; Jackson; Hillard; browse; 1190  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 101 Serial 437  
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Author Jackson, R.M. url 
  Title Snow Leopards in Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1979 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue Pages 191-195  
  Keywords Nepal; status; distribution; conservation; hunting; hunters; poaching; pelts; fur; coat; browse; 2160  
  Abstract Reviews in detail occurence, status, and conservation measures related to snow leopards in Nepal. Estimates 150-300 snow leopards in Nepal. Local hunters can get 10 to 50 US dollars for a pelt  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 50 Serial 477  
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Author Kinsel, M.J.; Kovarik, P.; Murnane, R.D.   
  Title Gastric spiral bacteria in small felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 214-220  
  Keywords Gastric-spinal-bacteria; snow-leopard; medical; zoo; snow leopard; browse; gastric; spinal; bacteria; 1270  
  Abstract Nine small cats, including one bobcat (Felis rufus), one Pallas cat (F. manul), one Canada lynx (F. lynx canadensis), two fishing cats (F. viverrina), two margays (F. wiedii), and two sand cats (F. margarita), necropsied between June 1995 and March 1997 had large numbers of gastric spiral bacteria, whereas five large cats, including one African lion (Panthera leo), two snow leopards (P. uncia), one Siberian tiger (P. tigris altaica), and one jaguar (P. onca), necropsied during the same period had none. All of the spiral organisms from the nine small cats were histologically and ultrastructurally similar. Histologically, the spiral bacteria were 5-14 mum long with five to nine coils per organism and were located both extracellularly within gastric glands and surface mucus, and intracellularly in parietal cells. Spiral bacteria in gastric mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx, one fishing cat, and the two sand cats were gram negative and had corkscrew-like to tumbling motility when viewed with phase contrast microscopy. The bacteria were 0.5-0.7 mum wide, with a periodicity of 0.65-1.1 mum in all cats. Bipolar sheathed flagella were occasionally observed, and no periplasmic fibrils were seen. The bacteria were extracellular in parietal cell canaliculi and intracellular within parietal cells. Culture of mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx and sand cats was unsuccessful. Based on morphology, motility, and cellular tropism, the bacteria were probably Helicobacter-like organisms. Although the two margays had moderate lymphoplasmacytic gastritis, the other cats lacked or had only mild gastric lymphoid infiltrates, suggesting that these organisms are either commensals or opportunistic pathogens.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 354 Serial 534  
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Author Maier, F. url 
  Title Tracking the snow cat of Ice Mountain Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Wildlife Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 101 Issue 3 Pages 36  
  Keywords Eugene-Koshkarev; tracking; radio-collars; status; population; herder; trapping; predator; prey; hunting; Russia; herders; browse; Eugene; Koshkarev; radio; collar; collars; 1080  
  Abstract Snow leopard preservation efforts by Russian biologist Eugene Koshkarev are hampered by the lack of technology and the attitudes of the local population. Without access to radio-collars until recently, the biologists have had to use low-tech research methods such as field observation. The chabani, or semi-nomadic herders of Central Asia, fear the leopards as predators and set traps. Local governments also allow hunting  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 347 Serial 635  
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Author Maity, B.; Chakraborty, G.; Pradhan, K.K. url 
  Title Toxocariasis in snow leopard (Panthera unica) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Indian Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 71 Issue 5 Pages 499-501  
  Keywords toxocariasis; India; captivity; zoo; medical; medicine; veterinary; browse; 1410  
  Abstract Spontaneous occurrence of toxocariasis (Toxocaracati) in captive snow leopards with symptoms of diarrhoea, general malaise, letherapy, dehydration, partial or complete anorexia, vomiting with or without expulsion of the ascarid is reported. Response to anthelmintic drug pyrantal pamoate along with antibacterial drug sulphadimethyl pyrimidine and supportive therapy is recorded.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 238 Serial 639  
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Author Martin, C.L.; Stiles, J.; Willis, M. url 
  Title Feline colobomatous syndrome Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Veterinary-and-Comparative-Ophthalmology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 39-43  
  Keywords Blindness; Colobomatous-Syndrome; Congenital-Disease; Eye-Disease; Eyelid-Agenesis; Microphthalmos; Nervous-System; Nervous-System-Disease; Optic-Nerve; Retinal-Dysplasia; Sense-Organs; Veterinary-Medicine; veterinary; medical; browse; colobomatous; Syndrome; congenital; Disease; eye; eyelid; agenesis; nervous; system; Optic; Nerve; retinal; dysplasia; sense; organs; medicine; 1330  
  Abstract A syndrome of multiple congenital ocular anomalies in a litter of domestic kittens is described which appears identical to the multiple colobomatous syndrome described in captive Snow Leopards. The lesions varied between kittens in the litter, but ranged from microphthalmos with blindness to mild alterations in the lateral lid margins that resulted in trichiasis. The syndrome of eyelid agenesis in the domestic cat may encompass a broad range of congenital ocular lesions and multiple siblings, but the cause and mechanism of lesion formation is unknown.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 319 Serial 650  
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Author McVittie, R. url 
  Title Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Applied-Animal-Ethology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 159-168  
  Keywords suckling; behavior; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; browse; 1580  
  Abstract Reports that a preliminary project on nursing behavior in 3 young snow leopards revealed 2 phases in suckling pattern: nonnutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned)  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 37 Serial 669  
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Author Mishra, C.; Rawat, G.S. url 
  Title Livestock grazing and Biodiversity Conservation: Comments on Saberwal Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Conservation Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue Pages 25-32  
  Keywords conservation; Saberwal; biodiversity; livestock; grazing; predator; prey; browse; 1950  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 341 Serial 690  
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Author Mishra, C. url 
  Title Socio-economic transition and wildlife conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 97 Issue 1 Pages 25-32  
  Keywords economics; economy; conservation; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; India; Ladakh; browse; transhimalaya; 1940  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 388 Serial 691  
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Author Murray, D.; Kapke, C.; Evermann, J.; Fuller, T. url 
  Title Infectious disease and the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 241-254  
  Keywords infectous disease; free ranging; browse; infectious; Disease; 80  
  Abstract Large carnivores are of vital importance to the stability and integrity of most ecosystems, but recent declines in free-ranging populations have highlighted the potentially devastating effect of infectious diseases on their conservation. We reviewed the literature on infectious diseases of 34 large (maximum body mass of adults >20 kg) terrestrial carnivore species, 18 of which are considered to be threatened in the wild, and examined reports of antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and cases of infection, mortality and population decline. Of 52 diseases examined, 44% were viral, 31% bacterial and the remainder were protozoal or fungal. Many infections were endemic in carnivores and/or infected multiple taxonomic families, with the majority probably occurring via inhalation or ingestion. Most disease studies consisted of serological surveys for disease antibodies, and antibody detection tended to be widespread implying that exposure to micro-organisms was common. Seroprevalence was higher in tropical than temperate areas, and marginally higher for infections known to occur in multiple carnivore groups. Confirmation of active infection via micro-organism recovery was less common for ursids than other taxonomic groups. Published descriptions of disease-induced population decline or extinction were rare, and most outbreaks were allegedly the result of direct transmission of rabies or canine distemper virus (CDV) from abundant carnivore species to less-common large carnivores. We conclude that the threat of disease epidemics in large carnivores may be serious if otherwise lethal infections are endemic in reservoir hosts and transmitted horizontally among taxa. To prevent or mitigate future population declines, research efforts should be aimed at identifying both the diseases of potential importance to large carnivores and the ecological conditions associated with their spread and severity.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 356 Serial 708  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title Winter home range of snow leopards in Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Mammalia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 355-360  
  Keywords homerange; winter; Nepal; Uncia uncia; densities; distribution; habitat; browse; uncia; home-range; home; range; 600  
  Abstract Because of their low densities, sparse distribution, elusive behavior, and the precipitous habitat they occupy, snow leopards (Uncia uncia) have been the subject of limited study. This study contributes to that limited database with an investigation of the winter home range of 3 radio-collared snow leopards (2 females and 1 male) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Winter home ranges varied from 13.9-22.3 km2 (x = 19.1). Home ranges overlapped extensively within and between sexes, and an area of 8.1 km2 in the core study site was shared by all three leopards.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 323 Serial 752  
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Author Rana, B.S. url 
  Title Distinguishing kills of two large mammalian predators in Spiti Valley Himachal Pradesh Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 553  
  Keywords behavior; endangered; threatened species; foods; feeding; mammals; predation; wildlife; livestock relationships; snow leopard; Tibetan wolf; prey; livestock; India; panthera uncia; canis lupis; browse; threatened; species; relationships; tibetan; wolf; panthera; uncia; canis; lupis; 610  
  Abstract The author studied livestock killed by predators in the Spiti Valley, India, to determine what species had killed yaks, horses, donkeys, and other domestic animals. Eleven of the kills examined were made by snow leopards and six by the Tibetan wolf. Wolves were involved in surplus killings, while snow leopards kill as food is needed. lgh  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 326 Serial 804  
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Author Reed-Smith, J.; Kumpf, M. url 
  Title Snow leopards (Uncia uncia): family group management alternatives Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Anim.Keepers' Forum Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 386-391  
  Keywords behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; intraspecies-relationships; mammals; techniques; zoos; snow leopard; husbandry; browse; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; intraspecies; relationships; 1300  
  Abstract The authors offer insights into creating family groups of snow leopards in zoos. The programs at the Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado, and at John Ball Zoological Gardens, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are highlighted. lgh.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 340 Serial 814  
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Author Rothschild, B.M.; Rothschild, C.; Woods, R.J.   
  Title Inflammatory arthritis in large cats: An expanded spectrum of spondyloarthropathy Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages 279-284  
  Keywords Acinonyx-jubatus; cheetah; Felidae; Felis-concolor; mountain-lion; Felis-pardalis; ocelot; Panthera-leo; African-lion; Panthera-onca; jaguar; Panthera-pardus; leopard; Panthera-tigris; tiger; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Acinonyx; jubatus; felis; concolor; mountain; lion; pardalis; panthera; leo; african; onca; pardus; tigris; uncia; browse; 1240  
  Abstract Spondyloarthropathy was documented for the first time in 14 (3.7%) of 386 large cats, affecting eight species belonging to three genera. The limited distribution of joint erosions, associated with spine and sacroiliac joint pathology, was indistinguishable from that occurring in humans with spondyloarthropathy of the reactive type. This form of inflammatory arthritis is almost twice as common as osteoarthritis (for felids as a whole), and animal well-being may be enhanced by its recognition and by initiation of specific treatment.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 353 Serial 832  
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Author Schaller, G.B.; Hong, L.; Talipu, J.; Mingjiang, R.Q.   
  Title The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 197-204  
  Keywords China; Xinjiang; asia; refuges; parks; reserves; snow-leopard; prey; livestock; predators; herders; fur; management; snow leopard; browse; 930  
  Abstract Snow leopards live in the mountains of Central Asia, their range stretching from Afganastan to Lake Baikal in Eastern Tibet. They are endangered throughout their range, being hunted as predators of mains livestock and for their skin. Much of the snow leopards range lies in China, but not enough is known about its staus there for effective conservation. As part of a project to assess China's high altitude wildlife resources the authors conducted a survey in Xinjiang- a vast arid region of deserts and mountains. Although the snow leopard and other wildlife have declined steeply in Xinjiang in recent decades, the cta still persists and one area has the potential to become one of the best refuges for the species in its entire range. Its future in XInjiang, howevere, depends on well protected reserves, enforcement of regulations against killing the animal, and proper managemnt of the prey species.  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 129 Serial 868  
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Author Seidensticker, J.; Lumpkin, S. url 
  Title The adaptable leopard; unfortunately it's no match for modern man Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Wildlife Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 99 Issue 3 Pages 52  
  Keywords predator; prey; poaching; hunting; behavior; feeding; conflict; habitat; browse; 1130  
  Abstract Abstract: Leopards' adaptability has become the species' vulnerability. The animals do not hesitate to eat rotting flesh and will come back repeatedly to their meal, if disturbed. People have taken advantage of this by lacing carcasses with poison. Leopards are moderate in size compared to other cats, are stealthy and can live in areas as diverse as rain forests and deserts.  
  Address  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 291 Serial 876  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Smith, G. url 
  Title Mongolia at the crossroads Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Earth Island Journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 1  
  Keywords Mongolia; hunting; poaching; economy; snow-leopard; ibex; Argal; protection; conservation; snow leopard; browse; 1170  
  Abstract Abstract: Assesses foreign investment laws adopted by the government of Mongolia which have been deemed extremely flexible and favorable for Americans. Economic benefits presented by the big game hunt industry; Consultation with Secretary of State James Baker in the formulation of said laws during his July The Mongolian government is trying its best to make the country attractive to foreign investors. Big game hunts are still Mongolia's primary source of foreign cash. European and American hunters are willing to pay as much as $90,000 for rare game such as the ibex or the snow leopard. However, a recent US Fish and Wildlife Service ruling giving protection to the Argal, a wild sheep, could mean the cutting of cash inflows from foreign hunters.  
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  Notes (up) Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 189 Serial 903  
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Author Wack, R.F.; Kramer, L.W.   
  Title Multifocal osteomyelitis in a young snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 553-563  
  Keywords Antibacterial-Drug; Case-Study; diagnosis; Enrofloxacin; Pathophysiology; snow-leopard; veterinary; medical; osteomyelitis; snow leopard; antibacterial; drug; Case; study; snow; leopard; browse; 1370  
  Abstract A 5-mo-old male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was presented for mild rear leg lameness. Osteomyelitis was suspected on the basis of radiographic changes and confirmed by histopathology of a biopsy sample from the affected bone. Aerobic cultures of the biopsies repeatedly grew Klebsiella oxytoca. Repeated anaerobic and fungal cultures did not result in growth. The leopard was treated unsuccessfully with cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine despite apparent in vitro sensitivity to these antibiotics. Successful resolution was eventually achieved with enrofloxacin, 7.5 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. for 60 days. The number of bones involved (right humerus, right and left ulna, right and left radius, right and left femur, right and left tibia, mandible, right metatarsus) made this an unusual presentation of osteomyelitis.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 277 Serial 997  
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