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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	A problem of conservation of rare and endangered vertebrate animals in the mountains of southeast Kazakhstan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1982	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	56-58
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Red Data book; protected areas; snow leopard.; 7390; Russian
	Abstract	Of 27 vertebrate animal species inhabiting the mountains of southeastern Kazakhstan and included in the Red Data Book of the USSR (1978) and Red Data Book of Kazakhstan (1978), 11 are mammals (free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot, dhole, Tien Shan brown bear, stone marten, otter, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, manul, and argali). Snow leopard is met in the nature reserves Aksu Jabagly and Almaty. In the Almaty nature reserve snow leopard migrates outside the protected area following the ungulates. The extension of the nature reserve would improve the protection.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union Symposium “Mountainous geosystems of intracontinental deserts and semi-deserts”.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 717		Serial	585
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	Author	Zinchenko Yu.K.
	Title	About characteristic of mammal fauna in the Markakol nature reserve		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1989	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Part. II.	Issue	Pages	39-41
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Markakol nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 8830; Russian
	Abstract	50 mammal species permanently live in the nature reserve. There penetrate snow leopard, wolf, corsac, and wild boar on a relatively regular basis. Moral, roe deer, and elk migrate outside the Markakol depression in winter. Though mentioned in literature as species inhabiting the nature reserve, beaver, stone marten, and dhole are not met there today.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union conference on cadastre and fauna counts.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 860		Serial	1091
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	Author	Loginov O.
	Title	Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Kazakhstan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1995	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	39-41
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; number; distribution; threats; protected areas; conservation activity; snow leopard.; 7590; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopards are to be found in the most extreme eastern, southeastern and southern mountainous regions, including the Altai. Saur, Tarbagatai. Dzhungarian, Alatau, Northern and Western Tian-Shan ranges. The snow leopard or irbis is the most rare in eastern Kazakstan in the ranges of Katunskie Belki, South Altai, Kurchumski, Sarymsakty, Saur and Tarbagatai. Total snow leopard population in Kazakstan is estimated at no more than 100-110 animals, including 20-25 in the central part of the Zailisky-Alatau. Although there are nine protected areas in Kazakstan, snow leopards are only regularly reported from the Aksu-Dzhabagly and Almaty reserves and occasionally in Markakolsky Reserve. The major threats to the species include: Deliberate poaching with the aim of selling the valuable fur of the snow leopard; habitat loss resulting from the expansion of human activity in its mountain habitat, and deliberate or retaliatory killing by shepherds in response to predation upon livestock.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 737		Serial	623
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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1995	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	48-49
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard; 6600; Russian
	Abstract	There are two isolated snow leopard populations in Uzbekistan, both of which are located along the fringe of the species' distribution. These groups are the Pamir-Alai and the Tien-Shan, of which are united to snow leopard range in neighboring Tadjikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from animals inhabiting the Hissar Nature Reserve, the Pamir-Alai population consists of animals inhabiting the upper portion of the Tupalang River basin and the mountains around Baisuntau. This population is currently estimated at about 30 individuals, from which as many as 10 individuals are reported to be killed or captured annually. However, we suspect the loss rate is more like five to eight individuals, with the entire Pamir-Alai group in Uzbekistan numbering 22 – 25 animals. The Tien-Shan snow leopard sub-population group of Uzbekistan occupies the high-mountain portions of practically all of the large ridges in the area, including Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam and Talass Alatau. The number of snow leopards harvested from this sub-population appears to be five or seven individuals, with the total number placed at 27-32 individuals. The major factors restricting snow leopard numbers in Uzbekistan appears to be poaching of both snow leopard and its large prey species like ibex, as well as disturbance associated with the intensive development of the alpine lands for pasturing livestock. In order to preserve the snow leopard in Uzbekistan it will be necessary to control and eliminate poaching. Additional habitat could be provided by expanding the Chatkal Nature Reserve by adding lands in the Shavassai River basin as well as Akbulak River basin.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 638		Serial	255
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	Author	Abramov V.K.
	Title	Ecological basis of the conservation of large predators in USSR		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1974	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.I.	Issue	Pages	7-8
	Keywords	Ussr; large predators; conservation problems; snow leopard.; 5850; Russian
	Abstract	Problems of conservation of large predators (Felis tigris L., Panthera pardus L., Felis uncia Schreb., Acinonyx jubatus Schreb., Hyaena h¢…†n… L., Cuon alpinus Pall., Ursus maritimus Phipps, U.tibetanus Cuv.) inhabiting territory of USSR are discussed.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 1st International Congress on mammals.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 564		Serial	31
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	Author	Zheleznyakov D.F.
	Title	Order Predators		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1958	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Edition 1.	Issue	Pages	110-112
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 8720; Russian
	Abstract	Data about distribution of stone marten, ermine, weasel, badger, bear, wolf, fox, and snow leopard in the Chatkal nature reserve is provided. In Tien Shan, snow leopard is not a rare species, and even a rather common species in some places. In the nature reserve, snow leopard was observed near the mountain Kurgan-Tash in 1948.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of the mountain-forest state nature reserve.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 849		Serial	1076
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	Author	Aromov, B.
	Title	Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Hissar Nature Reserve		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2001	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Issue 3	Issue	Pages	121-125
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; population estimate; diet; wild ibex; livestock; rut; cubs; competitors.; 6080; Russian
	Abstract	Data on distribution, number, diet and breeding of snow leopard in NW spurs of the Hissar Ridge were collected over long-term studies in the span from 1981 to 1994. An increase in the number of this animal from 4 to 17 individuals has been recorded in the Hissar Nature Reserve (Uzbekistan).
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 587		Serial	100
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	Author	Aromov B.
	Title	The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Hissar Nature Reserve		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1995	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	108-109
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; diet; breeding.; 6070; Russian; work; Data; biology; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; nature; reserve; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; times; tracks; pugmarks; Feed; ibex; kills; kill; Age; records; predation; Case; horses; horse; marmot; Himalayan; domestic; goat; wild; wild boar; sheep; Cattle; attack
	Abstract	The work contains data on biology snow leopard in Hissar nature reserve, Uzbekistan. The number of snow leopards in this reserve has increased from two or four in 1981 to between 13 and 17 individuals in 1994. Since 1981, snow leopards have been sighted 72 times and their tracks or pugmarks 223 times. In the Hissar Nature Reserve snow leopards largely feed on ibex. Over a period of 14 years, 92 kills and remains of ibex aged from one to thirteen years of age have been examined. Other records of predation, by the number of events observed, include 33 cases of juvenile and mature horses, 25 long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata). 18 Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayemis), 17 domestic goat, 13 wild boar (Sus scrofa), five domestic sheep and three incidents involving cattle. Twenty-two attacks on domestic flocks were reported, and these occurred during both the daytime and at night. Snow leopards usually mate between the 20th of February and March 20th. The offspring are born in late April to May, and there are usually two per litter (23 encounters), although a single litter of three has also been recorded.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 586		Serial	99
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	Author	Novikov G.A.
	Title	Sub-genus UNCIA Gray		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1956	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	274-277
	Keywords	Ussr; Central Asia; uncia; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; highly mountain; reproduction; Migration; use.; 7760; Russian
	Abstract	Identification features of the sub-genus Uncia (colour; length of body and tail; shoulder height, and skull measurements) are given. Distribution, habitat, way of life, reproduction biology, behavioural patterns, migration routes, commercial value of snow leopard in the USSR is described.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Predatory mammals of the USSR fauna.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 754		Serial	726
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	Author	Ishunin G.I.
	Title	The Felids family Felidae Gray, 1821		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1989	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	46
	Keywords	Ussr; Felidae; Miocene; Pliocene; Pleistocene; Holocene; origin; Uzbekistan; Genus Uncia; snow leopard; specie range; Western Tien Shan; Hissar ridge; Zeravshan ridge; Turkestan ridge.; 6980; Russian
	Abstract	Zoolites of the Felidae family are known from the Upper Eocene Lower Pliocene in Eurasia, Africa, and North America. Two sub-families are know to inhabit the territory of the USSR and adjacent territories: the extinct sabre-toothed Felidae species Machairodontia and now existing Felidae species. In the USSR the extinct Felidae species were found to exist in Upper Miocene, Upper and Middle Pliocene, and Pleistocene. In Eurasia panthers has been know since early Pliocene. Three species were found in Uzbekistan – the extinct cave lion Felidae sd†l…†… (Goldfuss, 1810), and now existing P…nth†a… tigris, P…nth†a… pardus. The ancient finds and modern habitats are briefly described. Genus Uncia is represented by one species snow leopard or irbis. Probably it appeared in later Pliocene or Pleistocene in the mountain of Central Asia. In Uzbekistan, remains of snow leopard were found in the Samarqand region in the layer of Upper Pleistocene or Holocene. Probably it moved into the area in Pleistocene or the period of glacier removal in the Western Tien Shan mountains, Turkestan, Zeravshan, and Hissar ridges.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Possible way of the mammal fauna formation on the territory of Uzbekistan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 676		Serial	422
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