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Author Johansson, O., Rauset, G. R., Samelius, G., McCarthy, T., Andren, H., Tumursukh, L., Mishra, C. url 
  Title Land sharing is essential for snow leopard conservation Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 203 Pages 1-7  
  Keywords Home range, LoCoH, Mongolia, Panthera uncial, Protected areas, Land sparing  
  Abstract Conserving large carnivores in an increasingly crowded planet raises difficult challenges. A recurring debate is whether large carnivores can be conserved in human used landscapes (land sharing) or whether they require specially designated areas (land sparing). Here we show that 40% of the 170 protected areas in the global range of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are smaller than the home range of a single adult male and only 4– 13% are large enough for a 90% probability of containing 15 or more adult females. We used data from 16 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars in the Tost Mountains of South Gobi, Mongolia, to calculate home range size and overlap using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel utility distributions (Kernel), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Local convex hull home ranges were smaller and included lower proportions of unused habitats compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and Kernels. Intra-sexual home range overlapwas low, especially for adult males, suggesting that snowleopards are territorial. Mean home range size based on the LoCoH estimates was 207 km2 ± 63 SD for adult males and 124 km2 ± 41 SD for adult females. Our estimates were 6–44 times larger than earlier estimates based on VHF technology when comparing similar estimators, i.e. MCP. Our study illustrates that protected areas alone will not be able to conserve predatorswith large home ranges and conservationists and managers should not restrict their efforts to land sparing.  
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  Notes (up) Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1446  
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Author Abdunazarov, B.B.   
  Title Composition and numbers of the rare terrestrial vertebrates and prospects of their preservation in Uzbekistan. Nature reserves in the USSR: Their present and future Type Conference Article
  Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; conservation; protected-area; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; protected; area; areas; 2530; Russian  
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  Notes (up) Abstracts of the All-Union Conference, Novgorod. In Russian. Place of Meeting: 1990 Date of Copyright: 1990 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 150 Serial 28  
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Author Aromov, B.   
  Title The Materials of the Numbers of Dispersed Animal Species in Kyzylsu Nature Reserve Type Conference Article
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2550  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes (up) Abstracts of the Republican Conference, Tashkent. Date of Copyright: 1982 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 65 Serial 102  
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Author Cunha, S.F. url 
  Title Summits, snow leopards, farmers, and fighters: Will politics prevent a national park in the high Pamirs of Tajikistan? Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Focus; New York Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 17-22  
  Keywords Tajikistan; Russia; Pamir; park; refuge; reserve; herders; poaching; livestock; herder; siberia; parks; protected-areas; reserves; browse; protected; area; areas; 1160  
  Abstract Tajikistan is the smallest, poorest and one of the most culturally diverse of the former Soviet Republics. The physical and cultural geography of the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan are described, and recent legislative action taken to create a proposed park and civil strife that may stop the park's creation are discussed.  
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  Notes (up) Article is only partly legible. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 255 Serial 228  
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Author Woodroffe, R.; Ginsberg, J.R. url 
  Title Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Science Washington D.C. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 280 Issue 5372 Pages 2126-2128  
  Keywords edge-effects; extinction; human-animal-conflict; mortality; population-size; protected-areas; browse; edge effects; Human; Animal; conflict; population; protected; area; 590  
  Abstract Theory predicts that small populations may be driven to extinction by random fluctuations in demography and loss of genetic diversity through drift. However, population size is a poor predictor of extinction in large carnivores inhabiting protected areas. Conflict with people on reserve borders is the major cause of mortality in such populations, so that border areas represent population sinks. The species most likely to disappear from small reserves are those that range widely-and are therefore most exposed to threats on reserve borders-irrespective of population size. Conservation efforts that combat only stochastic processes are therefore unlikely to avert extinction.  
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  Notes (up) Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 351 Serial 1028  
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Author Farrington, J. url 
  Title A Report on Protected Areas, Biodiversity, and Conservation in the Kyrgyzstan Tian Shan with Brief Notes on the Kyrgyzstan Pamir-Alai and the Tian Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and China Type Book Whole
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-276  
  Keywords Report; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; biodiversity; conservation; Kyrgyzstan; Tian; Tian-Shan; shan; Pamir-Alai; mountains; mountain; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China; environmental; study; former; soviet; central; Central Asia; asia; land; Forest; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; Chinese; range; republic; wildlife; International; research; land-use; land use; recent; inner; project; ecological; Middle; Middle Asia; Organization; awareness; region; preserve; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; potential; community; Biodiversity conservation; Xinjiang; information; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; protection; flora; fauna; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; endemic; plants; plant; history; Southern; survey; protect; river; heart  
  Abstract Kyrgyzstan is a land of towering mountains, glaciers, rushing streams, wildflowercovered meadows, forests, snow leopards, soaring eagles, and yurt-dwelling nomads. The entire nation lies astride the Tian Shan1, Chinese for “Heavenly Mountains”, one of the world's highest mountain ranges, which is 7439 m (24,400 ft) in elevation at its highest point. The nation is the second smallest of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. In

spite of Kyrgyzstan's diverse wildlife and stunning natural beauty, the nation remains little known, and, as yet, still on the frontier of international conservation efforts. The following report is the product of 12 months of research into the state of conservation and land-use in Kyrgyzstan. This effort was funded by the Fulbright Commission of the U.S. State Department, and represents the most recent findings of the author's personal environmental journey through Inner Asia, which began in 1999. When I first started my preliminary research for this project, I was extremely surprised to learn that, even though the Tian Shan Range has tremendous ecological significance for conservation efforts in middle Asia, there wasn't a single major international conservation organization with an office in the former Soviet Central Asian republics. Even more surprising was how little awareness there is of conservation issues in the Tian Shan region amongst conservation workers in neighboring areas who are attempting to preserve similar species assemblages and ecosystems to those found in the Tian Shan. Given this lack of awareness, and the great potential for the international community to make a positive contribution towards improving the current state of biodiversity conservation in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia, I have summarized my findings on protected areas and conservation in Kyrgyzstan and the Tian Shan of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang in the chapters below. The report begins with some brief background information on geography and society in the Kyrgyz Republic, followed by an overview of biodiversity and the state of conservation in the nation, which at the present time closely parallels the state of conservation in the other former Soviet Central Asian republics. Part IV of the report provides a catalog of all major protected areas in Kyrgyzstan and the other Tian Shan nations, followed by a list of sites in Kyrgyzstan that are as yet unprotected but merit protection. In the appendices the reader will find fairly comprehensive species lists of flora and fauna found in the Kyrgyz Republic, including lists of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, trees and shrubs, wildflowers, and endemic plants. In addition, a

draft paper on the history and current practice of pastoral nomadism in Kyrgyzstan has been included in Appendix A. While the research emphasis for this study was on eastern Kyrgyzstan, over the course of the study the author did have the opportunity to make brief journeys to southern Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang. While falling short of being a definitive survey of protected areas of the Tian Shan, the informational review which

follows is the first attempt at bringing the details of conservation efforts throughout the entire Tian Shan Range together in one place. It is hoped that this summary of biodiversity and conservation in the Tian Shan will generate interest in the region amongst conservationists, and help increase efforts to protect this surprisingly unknown range that forms an island of meadows, rivers, lakes, and forests in the arid heart of Asia.
 
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  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Kyrgyzstan Editor  
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  Notes (up) Fulbright Fellow – Environmental Studies, Kyrgyzstan, Former Soviet Central Asia 2003-2004 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1060 Serial 269  
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Author Jackson, R. url 
  Title SSC Plan for Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard  
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  Notes (up) Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 201 Serial 450  
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Author Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. url 
  Title Snow Leopard and Prey Species Workshop in Bhutan Type Miscellaneous
  Year Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Jigme-Dorji; Bhutan; workshop; Slims; blue-sheep; tourism; Islt; parks; reserves; protected-areas; tracks; surveys; international snow leopard trust; blue; sheep; browse; 4070  
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  Notes (up) Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 6 Serial 431  
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Author Anonymous url 
  Title International Specialists Discuss China's Threatened Cats Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords China; Iucn; habitat; predator; prey; livestock; herders; conflict; hunting; poaching; trapping; bones; medicine; trade; development; Slims; Cites; protected-areas; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; browse; protected; areas; 3990  
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  Notes (up) Full text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 186 Serial 80  
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Author Jackson, R. url 
  Title Linking Snow Leopard Conservation and People-Wildlife Conflict Resolution, Summary of a multi-country project aimed at developing grass-roots measures to protect the endangered snow leopard from herder retribution Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue Pages 12-15  
  Keywords livestock-depredation; livestock; pastoralists; herders; Pakistan; Nepal; Tibet; Mongolia; India; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; snow-leopard-incentive-program; economics; tourism; pens; corrals; enclosures; trapping; poisoning; killing; cubs; dens; retribution; behavior; predator; prey; Qomolangma; habitat; feces; fecal-analysis; compensation; Dogs; guard-dogs; religion; conservation; browse; depredation; snow; leopard; incentive; program; fecal; analysis; guard; Dog; 4000  
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  Notes (up) Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 375 Serial 464  
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