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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya (Wildlife Behavior & Ecology) |
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Year |
1977 |
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146-159 |
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sheep; goats; Pakistan; Nepal; marking; spraying; scrapes; sprays; behavior; predator; prey; browse; 2250; mountain; wild; wild sheep; goat; Himalaya; wildlife; ecology |
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Describes snow leopard status and field observations from studies in Pakistan and Nepal. Review provides some data on snow leopard marking behavior, social relations, food habits and predator behavior. |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 39 |
Serial |
864 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. |
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Title |
Camera-Trapping of Snow Leopards |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Cat News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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42 |
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Spring |
Pages |
19-21 |
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Keywords |
camera trapping; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; felids; tigers; tiger; techniques; surveys; survey; information; factor; marking; behavior; Ahlborn; Jackson; habitat; status; range; census; India; Hemis; High; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh; leh |
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Abstract |
Solitary felids like tigers and snow leopards are notoriously difficult to enumerate, and indirect techniques like pugmark surveys often produce ambiguous information that is difficult to interpret because many factors influence marking behavior and frequency (Ahlborn & Jackson 1988). Considering the snow leopard's rugged habitat, it is not surprising then that information on its current status and occupied range is very limited. We adapted the camera-trapping techniques pioneered by Ullas Karanth and his associates for counting Bengal tigers to the census taking of snow leopards in the Rumbak watershed of the India's Hemis High Altitude National Park (HNP), located in Ladakh near Leh (76ø 50' to 77ø 45' East; 33ø 15' to 34ø 20'North). |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1017 |
Serial |
475 |
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Author |
Rieger, I. |
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Title |
Scent marking behaviour of ounces, Uncia uncia |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 |
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Volume |
1 |
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Pages |
78-103 |
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Keywords |
behavior; behaviour; captive; International; marking; ounce; pedigree; scent; Scent-Marking; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1037 |
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818 |
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Author |
Allen, M. L., Rovero, F., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Krofel, M. |
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Title |
Effects of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) on olfactory communication of Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) in the Altai Mountains, Mongolia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
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1-9 |
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Keywords |
behaviour, camera trap, Mongolia, Otocolobus manul, Panthera uncia, scent marking. |
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Abstract |
Olfactory communication is important for many solitary carnivores to delineate territories and communicate with potential mates and competitors. Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) are small felids with little published research on their ecology and behaviour, including if they avoid or change behaviours due to dominant carnivores. We studied their olfactory communication and visitation at scent-marking sites using camera traps in two study areas in Mongolia. We documented four types of olfactory communication behaviours, and olfaction (sniffing) was the most frequent. Pallas’s cats used olfactory communication most frequently at sites that were not visited by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and when they used communal scent-marking sites, they were more likely to use olfactory communication when a longer time had elapsed since the last visit by a snow leopard. This suggests that Pallas’s cats may reduce advertising their presence in response to occurrence of snow leopards, possibly to limit predation risk. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1721 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L.; Nystrom, V. |
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Title |
On identifying snow leopards, Panthera uncia, by their facial markings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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Pages |
159-167 |
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Keywords |
facial markings; International; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; pedigree; snow leopard |
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Series Title |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 959 |
Serial |
149 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.M. |
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Title |
Home Range, Movements and Habitat use of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Nepal |
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Year |
1996 |
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233 pp |
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Keywords |
Nepal; blue-sheep; predator; prey; home-range; behavior; capture; telemetry; habitat; marking; activity; movement; tracking; blue; sheep; browse; home range; home; range; 990 |
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Abstract |
Home ranges for five radio-tagged snow leopards (Uncia uncia) inhabiting prime habitat in Nepal Himalaya varied in size from 11-37 km2. These solitary felids were crepuscular in activity, and although highly mobile, nearly 90% of all consecutive day movements involved a straight line distance of 2km or less. No seasonal difference in daily movement or home range boundry was detected. While home ranges overlapped substancially, use of common core spaces was temporally seperated, with tagged animals being located 1.9 km or more apart during the smae day. Spatial analysis indicated that 47-55% of use occured within only 6-15% of total home area. The snow leopards shared a common core use area, which was located at a major stream confuence in an area where topography, habitat and prey abundance appeared to be more favorable. A young female used her core area least, a female with two cubs to the greatest extent. the core area was marked significantly more with scrapes, Faeces and other sighn than non-core sites, suggesting that social marking plays an important role in spacing individuals. Snow leopards showed a strong preference for bedding in steep, rocky or broken terrain, on or close to a natural vegetation or landform edge. linear landform features, such as a cliff or major ridgeline, were preferred for travelling and day time resting. This behavior would tend to place a snow leopard close to its preferred prey, blue sheep (Psuedois nayaur), which uses the same habitat at night. Marking was concetrated along commonly travelled routes, particularly river bluffs, cliff ledges and well defined ridgelines bordering stream confluences--features that were most abundant within the core area. Such marking may facilitate mutual avoidance, help maintain the species' solitary social structure, and also enable a relatively high density of snow leopard, especially within high-quality habitat. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
University of London |
Place of Publication |
University of London |
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Date of Copyright: 1996 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 275 |
Serial |
481 |
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Author |
Matyushkin, E.N. |
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Title |
Tracks and tracking techniques in studies of large carnivorous mammals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Zoologichesky Zhurnal |
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79 |
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(4) |
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412-429 |
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Keywords |
Lynx; Scent-Marking; Organization; population; behavior; Felidae; Forest; Russia; tracking; pug marks; scent; marking; browse; 60; Russian |
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In Russia, traditions of track observations and the use of tracking techniques in studying the ecology and behavior of mammals were founded by A.N. Formozov. An analytic review of his data on large carnivorous mammals (tiger, snow leopard, wolf, brown bear, wolverine, and others) is given. A special detailed observation of animals' tracks as a source of information on their life is shown only to start. The efficiency of track observations in various fields of studies, including counting animals, is estimated. The values of day and night distances for various animal species, given in literature, have never been properly substantiated methodically. The tracking method is the most effective in studying the use of the home range by animals, drawing the network of their movements and scent-marking behavior. The hunting behavior of large predators in dense forests is can only be deduced by observing their tracks. In some cases, the use of tracking has a distinct advantage over radio tracking. The main propositions are illustrated by the materials of the author obtained in various Russian regions (in forests of the northern Russian Plain and southern Far east) for 1958-1998. |
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Document Type: Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 391 |
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652 |
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Author |
McCarthy, T. |
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Title |
Snow leopard conservation project, Mongolia: WWF Project Summary of Field Work |
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Miscellaneous |
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1999 |
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irbis-enterprises; Mongolia; gobi; Altai; Altay; habitat; status; distribution; Uvs; conservation; parks; preserves; refuge; protected-area; herders; livestock; predator; prey; field-work; field-study; field-studies; training; Slims; transects; sign; sprays; scrapes; markings; population; browse; irbis; enterprises; protected; area; field work; field; work; field study; study; 3870 |
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Full Text at URL: Project No. MN0004.01, reporting period 1998-1999 |
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SLN @ rana @ 367 |
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658 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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66-74 |
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India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 307 |
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308 |
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Author |
McCarthy, T.; Munkhtsog, B. |
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Title |
Preliminary Assessment of Snow Leopard Sign Surveys in Mongolia |
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1997 |
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57-65 |
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Keywords |
Mongolia; Slims; field-survey; scrapes; scrape; spray; marking; habitat; gobi; status; distribution; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; sighn; surveys; survey; Gis; behavior; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; field survey; field; protected; area; 2670 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 320 |
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656 |
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