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Author |
Freeman, H. |
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Title |
A preliminary study of the behaviour of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) |
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1974 |
Publication |
International Zoo Yearbook |
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15 |
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217-222 |
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Keywords |
study; behaviour; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; International; zoo |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1010 |
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313 |
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Author |
Gaughan, M.; Doherty, J. |
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Title |
Snow leopard rearing: Infant development with particular emphasis on play behaviour |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
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Volume |
3 |
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121-126 |
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Keywords |
behaviour; captive; development; International; rearing; snow leopard; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1030 |
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334 |
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Author |
Rieger, I. |
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Title |
Scent marking behaviour of ounces, Uncia uncia |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 |
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1 |
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78-103 |
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Keywords |
behavior; behaviour; captive; International; marking; ounce; pedigree; scent; Scent-Marking; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1037 |
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818 |
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Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Smith, R.C.; Lewis, C.R. |
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Title |
Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone, and sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the leopard (Panthera pardus) |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproductive Fertility |
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82 |
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43-49 |
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Keywords |
captive; Ovulation; Panthera pardus; Progesterone; Serum; sexual behaviour |
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Abstract |
Three mature nulliparous female leopards were studied for 5 years. During three separate 6-month periods serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals. Oestradiol was elevated over 21 pg/ml for 54 weeks during these 3 periods, and 36 oestradiol peaks (65\m=.\8\m=+-\6\m=.\3pg/ml (mean \m=+-\s.e.m.), range 21\p=n-\172pg/ml) were identified. Daily frequency of feline reproductive behaviours averaged over each week increased from 1\m=.\9\m=+-\0\m=.\2(n = 93) during weeks with low serum oestradiol concentrations (<21 pg/ml) to 5\m=.\3\m=+-\0\m=.\6(n = 54) during weeks when serum oestradiol concentrations (>21 pg/ml) were high. Increased serum progesterone concentrations (13\p=n-\98n/gml) were observed on 5 occasions in 2 leopards housed together. These presumptive luteal phases lasted from 1 to 5 weeks. Baseline progesterone values were 1\m=.\6\m=+-\0\m=.\4 ng/m(nl= 131). No progesterone increments were observed in isolated animals, and serum concentrations remained at baseline levels. These limited observations suggest that female leopards do not require intromission to induce ovulation and luteal function. The average interval between oestradiol peaks for cycles with no progesterone increment was 3\m=.\4weeks (range 1\p=n-\6weeks). The interval for the 3 complete cycles associated with elevated progesterone concentrations was 7\m=.\3weeks. Analysis of sexual behaviours over the 5-year study period revealed no evidence of seasonality in these
captive leopards. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 923 |
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873 |
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Author |
Sulser, C.E.; Steck, B.L.; Baur, B. |
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Title |
Effects of construction noise on behaviour of and exhibit use by Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo |
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Miscellaneous |
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2008 |
Publication |
International Zoo Yearbook |
Abbreviated Journal |
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42 |
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199-205 |
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Keywords |
behaviour; captive; construction noise; exhibit use; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo |
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Noise caused by human activities can cause stress in animals. We examined whether noise from construction sites affects the behaviour of and exhibit use by three Snow leopards Uncia uncia at Basel zoo. The behaviour and location of the animals were recorded at 1 minute intervals, using the instantaneous scan sampling method over a period of 216 hours (104 hours on noisy days and 112 hours on quiet days). The animals differed individually in their responses to the construction noise. On noisy days, the Snow leopards generally spent less time in locomotion and more time resting, but even on quiet days, resting was the predominant behaviour performed. Under noisy conditions, they increased social resting and decreased resting alone. Walking and social walking were also reduced on noisy days. Furthermore, the Snow leopards spent considerably more time in the remote offexhibit enclosure under noisy conditions. Independent of background noise, they stayed more than half of the time in the caves and the forecourts of the outdoor enclosure. On quiet days, the Snow leopards used more sectors of their exhibit than on noisy days. The results indicate that the Snow leopards responded to construction noise by increasing the amount of time spent resting and by withdrawing to the remote parts of their exhibit. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 910 |
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943 |
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Author |
Ale, S.; Brown, J. |
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Title |
The contingencies of group size and vigilance |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology Research, |
Abbreviated Journal |
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9 |
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1263-1276 |
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Keywords |
attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy |
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Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.
Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.
Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?
Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.
Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size. |
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SLN @ rana @ 886 |
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53 |
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Author |
Christiansen, P. |
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Title |
Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology |
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2007 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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91 |
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573-592 |
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Keywords |
bite force, canine, clouded leopard, feeding behaviour, felid, Homotherium serum, leopard, Megantereoncultridens, morphology, Neofelis nebulosa, paleontology, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, puma, Puma concolor, Smilodon fatalis, Smilodon populator, snow leopard, Uncia uncia |
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Canine morphology is analysed at seven intervals along the crown in both
anteroposterior and lateromedial perspective in seven species of large felids. The puma and the snow leopard have stout, rather conical canines, whereas those of lions, jaguars, and tigers bear substantial resemblance to each other, reflecting their phylogenetic relationships, and are less conical and large. The canines of the leopard are intermediate in morphology between those of the other species, probably reflecting its more generalized diet. The clouded leopard has very large and blade-like canines, which are different from the other analysed species. Canine bending strengths to estimated bite forces appear to differ less among the species than morphology,indicating that the evolution of canines has been constricted with respect to their strength in failure, probably owing to their being equally important for species fitness. However, the clouded leopard again stands out, having a high estimated bite force and rather weak canines in bending about the anteroposterior as well as lateromedial planes compared to the other species. Canine morphology to some extent reflects differences in killing mode, but also appears to be related to the phylogeny. The marked divergence of the clouded leopard is presently not understood. |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1115 |
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Allen, M. L., Rovero, F., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Krofel, M. |
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Title |
Effects of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) on olfactory communication of Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) in the Altai Mountains, Mongolia |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Behaviour |
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1-9 |
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behaviour, camera trap, Mongolia, Otocolobus manul, Panthera uncia, scent marking. |
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Olfactory communication is important for many solitary carnivores to delineate territories and communicate with potential mates and competitors. Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) are small felids with little published research on their ecology and behaviour, including if they avoid or change behaviours due to dominant carnivores. We studied their olfactory communication and visitation at scent-marking sites using camera traps in two study areas in Mongolia. We documented four types of olfactory communication behaviours, and olfaction (sniffing) was the most frequent. Pallas’s cats used olfactory communication most frequently at sites that were not visited by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and when they used communal scent-marking sites, they were more likely to use olfactory communication when a longer time had elapsed since the last visit by a snow leopard. This suggests that Pallas’s cats may reduce advertising their presence in response to occurrence of snow leopards, possibly to limit predation risk. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1721 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News, Spring 2002 |
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2002 |
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Snow Leopard News |
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Snow-leopard-survival-strategy-summit; Slss; Islt; NGO's; Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; logo; Pakistan; behaviour; hunting; herders; conservation; tourism; Mongolia; Charudutt-Mishra; browse; 4330 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, Washington |
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Full Text at URLIndex of Articles:1. Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Summit2.Show Your Creativity: Eneter our Logo Contest3.Serious Snow Leopard fun in Pakistan4. Mission to Mongolia 20025.Spring Cleaning Treasures6.Another Doscter on the TeamDate of Copyright: 2002 |
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SLN @ rana @ 421 |
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935 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Sinya, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K. |
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A Survey of Snow Leopard and Associated Species in the Himalaya of Northwestern India, Project Completion Report |
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1986 |
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Himalaya; India; prey; distribution; Arunachal; Jammu; Himachal-Pradesh; Uttar-Pradesh; Sikkim; hunting; poaching; pelts; livestock; surveys; field-work; herders; herding; parks; preserves; reserves; habiatat; conflict; human-interaction; behaviour; sanctuaries; scrapes; sprays; tracks; browse; 4220 |
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Full Text Available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 410 |
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289 |
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