| Records |
| Author |
Gronberg, E. |
| Title |
Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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| Keywords |
snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior |
| Abstract |
Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample. |
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Master's thesis |
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English |
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Notes  |
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1301 |
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| Author |
Sharma, K., McCarthy, T. |
| Title |
Counting cats: toward a framework for evaluating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) conservation efforts |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Poster |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
March |
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English |
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| Notes |
Poster presented at Zoos and Aquariums Committing to Conservation Conference, Seattle, WA March 2011 |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1325 |
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| Author |
Kinoshita, K., Inada, S., Seki, K., Sasaki, A., Hama, N., Kusunoki, H. |
| Title |
Long-Term Monitoring of Fecal Steroid Hormones in Female Snow Leopards (Panthera uncia) during Pregnancy or Pseudopregnancy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314 |
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| Abstract |
Knowledge of the basic reproductive physiology of snow leopards is required urgently in order to develop a suitable management conditions under captivity. In this study, the long-term monitoring of concentrations of three steroid hormones in fecal matter of three female snow leopards was performed using enzyme immunoassays: (1) estradiol-17β, (2) progesterone and (3) cortisol metabolite. Two of the female animals were housed with a male during the winter breeding season, and copulated around the day the estradiol-17β metabolite peaked subsequently becoming pregnant. The other female was treated in two different ways: (1) first housed with a male in all year round and then (2) in the winter season only. She did not mate with him on the first occasion, but did so latter around when estradiol-17β metabolite peaked, and became pseudopregnant. During pregnancy, progesterone metabolite concentrations increased for 92 or 94 days, with this period being approximately twice as long as in the pseudopregnant case (31, 42, 49 and 53 days). The levels of cortisol metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (1.35 µg/g) were significantly higher than in the pregnant females (0.33 and 0.24 µg/g) (P<0.05). Similarly, during the breeding season, the levels of estradiol-17β metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (2.18 µg/g) were significantly higher than those in the pregnant females (0.81 and 0.85 µg/g) (P<0.05). Unlike cortisol the average levels of estradiol-17β during the breeding season were independent of reproductive success.
The hormone levels may also be related to housing conditions and the resulting reproductive success in female leopards. The female housed with a male during the non-breeding season had high levels of cortisol metabolites and low levels of estradiol-17β in the breeding season, and failed to become pregnant. This indicates that housing conditions in snow leopards may be an important factor for normal endocrine secretion and resulting breeding success. |
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Texas A & M University |
Place of Publication |
United States of America |
Editor |
Sharon Gursky-Doyen |
| Language |
English |
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PLoS ONE 6(5): e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314 |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1317 |
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| Author |
Dickman, A., Macdonald, E., Macdonald, D. |
| Title |
A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PNAS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
108 |
Issue |
34 |
Pages |
13937–13944 |
| Keywords |
human-carnivore conflict, payments for ecosystem services |
| Abstract |
One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation “on the ground.” Although human–carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term “payments to encourage coexistence”; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenuesharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty. |
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| Notes |
http://www.pnas.org/content/108/34/13937 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1362 |
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| Author |
Suryawanshi, K. |
| Title |
An encounter in snow |
Type |
Magazine Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
FRONTLINE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
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| Abstract |
In the trans-Himalayan region, a conservation effort has reduced conflicts between snow leopards and pastoralists. Photographs & text by author. |
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| Notes |
http://www.frontline.in/stories/20110520281005800.htm; INDIA'S NATIONAL MAGAZINE, from the publishers of THE HINDU, May 7-20, 2011 |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1316 |
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| Author |
Mongolian News |
| Title |
50 wild sheep will be hunted this year |
Type |
Newspaper Article |
| Year |
2011 |
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| Volume |
43 |
Issue |
1142 |
Pages |
4 |
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Notice that the Mongolian government will allow the taking of 4 snow leopards in 2011. |
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Ardchilal |
Place of Publication |
Mongolia |
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English |
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http://www.ardchilal.com/ |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1299 |
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| Author |
Mazoomdaar, J. |
| Title |
Cat Among the People |
Type |
Magazine Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Open |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
8 August |
Pages |
40-45 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, India, Bhatnagar, Chundawat, Nature Conservation Foundation, Hemis, Kibber, Himmel |
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www.openthemagazine.com |
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English |
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http://openthemagazine.com/article/nation/cat-among-the-people |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1358 |
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| Author |
Tytar, V., Hammer, M. |
| Title |
Mountain ghosts: snow leopards and other animals in the mountains of the Altai Republic, Central Asia |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Pages |
60 |
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| Abstract |
This study was part of an expedition to the Altai Mountains in the Kosh Agach region of the Altai Republic, run by Biosphere Expeditions from 28 June to 7 August 2010. The aim was to continue a survey of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in this area, as well as surveying the snow leopard's primary prey species, argali (Ovis ammon) and Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), together with secondary prey species. Using the Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS) developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), presence/absence surveys (SLIMS form 1) of snow leopard and prey species were conducted throughout the study period across the entire survey area. In 2010 surveys were extended to areas away from the Talduair massif site to valleys and surrounding ridges of the Karaghem mountain pass. Interviews with local, semi-nomadic herders also formed an important part of the research procedure. The expedition also collected data for extended mammal, bird and plant inventories. No signs of snow leopard presence were recorded this year and there was no indication that the areas had been visited and used since the 2009 expedition. The developing relationship between the predator and prey species seems to be very fragile, so perhaps the decline in the prey species (particularly argali) may have driven the snow leopard out of the area. In addition, human disturbance is considered to be a severe and growing threat and may be responsible for the declining mammal diversity in general. Yet the study area still retains its importance as a habitat for snow leopard and as a corridor for snow leopard dispersal. The survey area urgently needs protection, but involving the local community and raising public awareness is vital if conservation initiatives are to succeed. Work on establishing four additional nature parks in the Republic of Tuva and the Sailugem Nature Reserve in the Republic of Altai, which will protect the biggest Russian population of the snow leopard, is in progress. |
| Address |
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Biosphere Expeditions |
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| Publisher |
Biosphere Expeditions |
Place of Publication |
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English |
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| Notes |
Expedition dates: 28 June – 7 August 2010 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1308 |
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| Author |
Janeč ka, J.E., Munkhtsog, B., Jackson, R.M., Naranbaatar, G., Mallon, D.P. & Murphy, W.J. |
| Title |
Comparison of noninvasive genetic and camera-trapping techniques for surveying snow leopards |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
771-783 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is widely but sparsely distributed throughout the mountainous regions of central Asia. Detailed information on the status and abundance of the snow leopard is limited because of the logistical challenges faced when working in the rugged terrain it occupies, along with its secretive nature. Camera-trapping and noninvasive genetic techniques have been used successfully to survey this felid. We compared noninvasive genetic and camera-trapping snow leopard surveys in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. We collected 180 putative snow leopard scats from 3 sites during an 8-day period along 37.74 km of transects. We then conducted a 65-day photographic survey at 1 of these sites, approximately 2 months after scat collection. In the site where both techniques were used noninvasive genetics detected 5 individuals in only 2 days of fieldwork compared to 7 individuals observed in the 65-day camera-trapping session. Estimates of population size from noninvasive genetics ranged between 16 and 19 snow leopards in the 314.3-km2 area surveyed, yielding densities of 4.9–5.9 individuals/100 km2. In comparison, the population estimate from the 65-day photographic survey was 4 individuals (adults only) within the 264-km2 area, for a density estimate of 1.5 snow leopards/100 km2. Higher density estimates from the noninvasive genetic survey were due partly to an inability to determine age and exclude subadults, reduced spatial distribution of sampling points as a consequence of collecting scats along linear transects, and deposition of scats by multiple snow leopards on common sites. Resulting differences could inflate abundance estimated from noninvasive genetic surveys and prevent direct comparison of densities derived from the 2 approaches unless appropriate adjustments are made to the study design. |
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American Society of Mammalogists |
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English |
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| Notes |
DOI: 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-036.1; URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-036.1 |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1351 |
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| Author |
Snow Leopard Conservancy |
| Title |
Snow Leopard Scouts from Mt. Everest |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-40 |
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| Abstract |
Snow Leopard Scouts from Mt. Everest -- a sketch booklet – targeted to school students, their parents and other stakeholders to generate their interest on conservation. Because it is their effort, participating students are expected to share the booklet that vividly illustrates their own contributions -- with their parents, teachers, fellow villagers, and cohorts in the other schools. Note that all participants, snow leopard scouts, took part in outdoor activities – they were exposed to snow leopard habitat, encouraged to observe Himalayan tahr and other wildlife, and were engaged in nature debates, essay writings, a quiz contest, and wildlife drawings – all formed the basis for preparing this simple (trial) booklet – all materials for the booklet came from participating students. |
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Snow Leopard Conservancy |
Thesis |
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Snow Leopard Conservancy |
Place of Publication |
Callifornia, US |
Editor |
Anil Adhikari & Basu Kshitiz |
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English & Nepalese |
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Concept, feedback and suggestions by: Som B. Ale, Rodney Jackson & Darla Hillard |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1302 |
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