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Author |
Malik, M.M. |
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Title |
The Current Status of Snow Leopards and Their Prey Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Pakistan |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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11-20 |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; predator; prey; predation; livestock; research; monitoring; park; parks; refuge; Slims; conservation; poaching; hunting; furs; pelts; ecology; behavior; law; laws; education; herder; herders; status; protected-area; browse; protected areas; protected area; area; areas; protected; 2130 |
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Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ashiq |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 318 |
Serial |
641 |
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Author |
Adil, A. |
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Title |
Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Afghanistan |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Pages |
35-38 |
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Keywords |
Afghanistan; conservation; status; Palang-i-Barfi; Hindu-kush; Pamir; Ajar; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; hunting; poaching; skin; fur; pelt; coat; distribution; ibex; Marco-Polo; sheep; markhor; predator; prey; protected-area; marco; polo; hindu; kush; browse; 2460 |
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Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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English |
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Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 298 |
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34 |
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Author |
Anonymous |
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Title |
Snow leopard in Mongolia |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Pamphlet. |
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1-27 |
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Keywords |
action plan, CCT, conservation, distribution, fur trade, habitat |
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Abstract |
This documents contains a review of the snow leopard's distribution, status and habitat in Mongolia, describes threats and conservation needs of the species, and outlines presently implemented actions. Five major threats are identified: 1) Poaching 2) loss of prey 3) degradation, fragmentation and loss of habitat 4) conflict with herders 5) lack of public awareness. Actions to mitigate the five major threats are recommended and future conservation priorities are set. |
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WWF Mongolia Country Office & International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Place of Publication |
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1112 |
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Author |
Barnes, L.J. |
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Title |
The Overt Illegal Fur Trade in Kathmandu, Nepal |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1989 |
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1-17 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; illegal-trade; fur; coats; pelts; skins; browse; illegal; trade; 3160 |
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Iverness Research Associates |
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English |
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Unpublished report, Inverness Research Associates, P.O. Box 515, Iverness, California 94937; phone 415.669.1474 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 139 |
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118 |
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Author |
Ahmad, A. |
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Title |
Community-Based Natural Resources Management in Northern Pakistan |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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148-154 |
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Keywords |
conservation; livestock; Wwf; Pakistan; herders; herder; snow-leopard; management; Marco-Polo-sheep; grazing; ibex; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; Khunjerab; hunting; hunter; skin; pelt; fur; coat; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; 2950 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson and A.Ahmad |
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English |
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Notes |
Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 299 |
Serial |
41 |
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Author |
Ahmad, A. |
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Title |
Protection of Snow Leopards through Grazier Communities:Some Examples from WWF-Pakistan's Projects in the Northern Areas |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
265-272 |
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Keywords |
conservation; Pakistan; Wwf; world-wildlife-fund; livestock; herders; herder; status; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; Dir; chitral; predator; prey; grazier; pelt; fur; coat; skin; poaching; Khunjerab; Marco-Polo-sheep; ibex; markhor; hunting; browse; protected; area; sheep; Marco-Polo; 2040 |
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Abstract |
Snow leopards occur near the snow line in northern Pakistan in the districts of Swat, Dir and Chitral of the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Muzaffarabad district in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan districts in the Northern Areas. Although a number of protected areas are present in the form of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves (Table 1) where legal protection is available to all wildlife species, including snow leopards, the status of this endangered species is not improving satisfactorily. The reasons are many and range from direct persecution by livestock owners to the less than strict management of protected areas.
Because of remote and inaccessible locations and lack of proper communication with local communities, government officials and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with conservation find it difficult to obtain statistics on mortality of snow leopards. However, the killing of snow leopards is not uncommon. Because of the close and long-term association between local villagers and snow leopards, it is only through the support and cooperation of these peoples that protection of this endangered species can be assured against most of the existing threats. The effects of such cooperation has been clearly shown through some of the conservation projects of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – Pakistan. Details of such projects and certain lessons that can be learned from these and similar projects are discussed in this paper. |
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Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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English |
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Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 209 |
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40 |
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Author |
Manati, A.R. |
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Title |
Fur trade of large cats and the question of the subspecies status of leopards in Afghanistan (Der Handel mit Fellen von Grosskatzen und die Abklärung der Unterartenfrage beim |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2008 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
125 |
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Keywords |
fur trade, genetics, leopard, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, subspecies, Uncia uncia |
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Abstract |
Over a time of four years the bazars of Afghanistan were surveyed for furs of spotted wild cats, in particular leopards and snow leopards. In 2004 in Kabul a total of 28 furs of leopards were purchased by shopkeepers and 21 sold at an average price of 825 $. In the same year 25 furs of snow leopards were purchased and 19 sold to clients at an average price of 583 $. In 2006 at a single inspection double as many furs of leopards were found to be offered for sale in comparison to the whole year of 2004. Also prices had increased over the two years by 20 % to an average of 1037 $. Similarly the number of furs of snow leopards at 21 pieces was higher than in 2004, and the prices had increased to an average of 652 $. In 2007 investigations rendered more difficult, because the authorities had started to control the fur trade, and the results are not unequivocal. Clients were without any exception foreigners.
Surveys in 2004 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Takhar and Faiz Abad, in 2006 additionally in Baharak and Iskashem in the province of Badakhshan, revealed a regular trade in furs of spotted cats, however not as extensive as in Kabul. The most interesting finding was a fur of a cheetah in Mazar-e-Sharif, the first record of this species after 35 years.
From the surveys can be concluded that leopards still exist in the whole range of its distribution area in Afghanistan. However they don't allow any conclusion on the population size and its threat by hunting. In contrast to the leopard there exists a recent estimation of the population size of the snow leopard, saying that there are still 100 to 200 snow leopards living in Afghanistan. On the basis of these figures as well as the numbers of furs traded annually a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis was conducted. The result of this analysis is alarming. It has to be assumed that the snow leopard will be extinct in Afghanistan within the next ten years. To improve the protection of spotted cats in Afghanistan it needs both, a better implementation of the existing legislation as well as an awareness campaign among potential clients, i. e. foreigners living in Afghanistan.
The second part of this thesis deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecularbiological revision of the species there occurs only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs had been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible.
In contrast to the molecularbiological investigations published not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The own results confim that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies, P. p. saxicolor. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found. The International Studbook for the Persian Leopard was analysed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, which were imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 today living animals.Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the genetic results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population. |
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University of Köln |
Place of Publication |
Germany |
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German |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1123 |
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Author |
Abdusalyamov I.A. |
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Title |
A perspective development of fur-animal farming and fish industry in the Tajik SSR |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1972 |
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155-160 |
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Tajikistan; fur-trade; snow leopard; conservation measure.; 5830; Russian |
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Given are data concerning fur-trade in Tajikistan in 1962 1966. Snow leopard trade reduced from 54 animals (1962) to 12 (1966). Given are recommendations for the establishment of a highland nature reserve in Pamir and the Sary Khosor nature reserve in the Vakhsh ridge. |
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Russian |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology and Parasitilogy of the Academy of Science of the Tajik SSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 562 |
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30 |
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