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Author | Chen, P., Gao, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Cering, L., Shi, K., Clark, S. G. | ||||
Title | Human–carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: Patterns and compensation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 197 | Pages | 18-26 | |
Keywords | Conflict Compensation Human–carnivore coexistence Management Predation patterns Qomolangma Nature Reserve | ||||
Abstract | Livestock depredation by large carnivores is frequently reported in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Seeking to minimize conflicts, we assessed depredation patterns and ways to upgrade the compensation program. We gathered 9193 conflict records over 2011–2013 to determine the extent and tempo-spatial patterns of the depredation.Weinterviewed 22 local officials and 94 residents to learn their views on depredations and to assess the adequacy of compensation. Data showed that wolves (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), and snowleopards (Panthera uncia)were themajor livestock predators. Total livestock loss accounted for 1.2% of the entire stockholding (n=846,707) in the region. Wolves and lynx tended to take sheep and goats,whereas snowleopards favored yaks and cattle in relation to their proportional abundance. Predation mostly occurred in March through July. Livestock depredation by all predators when combined was best explained by terrain ruggedness and density of small- and large-bodied livestock. Temporal and spatial predation patterns variedamong carnivores.Most respondents (74%) attributed depredation causes to an increase in carnivore abundance. Only 7% blamed lax livestock herding practice for predation losses. Five percent said that predation was the result of livestock population increases, while 11% had no idea. The compensation scheme was found to be flawed in all aspects—predation verification, application procedure, compensation standard, operational resource allocation, making payment, and other problems. To enhance management for human–carnivore coexistence, we recommend a problem-oriented, integrated, adaptive approach that targets the complex social context of the conflict and addresses the interconnected functions of decision-making process. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1435 | ||
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Author | Michel, S., Michel, T. R., Saidov, A., Karimov, K., Alidodov, M., Kholmatov, I. | ||||
Title | Population status of Heptner’s markhor Capra falconeri heptneri in Tajikistan: challenges for conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | Publication | Flora & Fauna International | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | Capra falconeri, CITES, community-based wildlife management, conservancies, hunting, markhor, sustainable use | ||||
Abstract | Heptner’s markhor Capra falconeri heptneri is an Endangered wild goat occurring in disjunct populations in southern Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Surveys to determine the total population in Tajikistan were conducted during February–April 2012. A total of 1,018 animals were observed. In most areas, which include state protected areas and family- and communitybased conservancies, markhor populations are stable or increasing. Threats include illegal hunting, habitat degradation, competition with livestock and disease transmission. To motivate conservancies economically to protect markhor populations, trophy hunting should be permitted to accommodate the sustainable use of markhor, with revenues distributed in a transparent and equitably shared manner. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1437 | ||
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Author | Holt, C. D. S., Nevin, O. T., Smith, D., Convery, I. | ||||
Title | Environmental niche overlap between snow leopard and four prey species in Kazakhstan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Elsevier | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 48 | Pages | 97-103 | |
Keywords | SDM, MaxEnt, Management, Conservation, Dispersal, Distribution | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard Panthera uncia has declined due to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and human persecution. Predator distribution is heavily dependent on prey species availability and distribution. With increasing pressures from farming practices encroaching into native species range and persecution of snow leopards in response to livestock depredation, it is vital to assess current predator and prey species distribution to highlight sensitive areas of overlap for protection. This study uses MaxEnt, a presence-only Species Distribution Model (SDM) to assess snow leopard and four prey species habitat suitability along the southern and eastern borders of Kazakhstan using environmental data. This area is considered an important corridor between snow leopard populations in the north and south of their range. Each of the five SDM's produced models of �good� discriminating abilities. We then compared the potential niche overlap between snow leopard and four prey species using ENMTools to highlight areas of important niche overlap within the corridor. The results indicated a very high degree of overlap between snow leopard and Siberian ibex and high degrees Capra sibirica with red deer Cervus elaphus, argali Ovis ammon and urial Ovis orientalis. The snow leopard population in this region is also found to be using forested areas below 2500 m, much lower than recorded in other areas of their range. The results highlight areas needed for protection but also pose additional conservation questions regarding the importance of prey species to transitory individuals. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1472 | ||
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Author | Hanson, J. H., Schutgens, M., Baral, N. | ||||
Title | What explains tourists support for snow leopard conservation in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | Publication | Human Dimensions of Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-15 | ||
Keywords | Flagship species; Himalayas; knowledge-attitude-practice model; Panthera uncia; protected area management; tourism | ||||
Abstract | Wildlife tourism is increasingly important for the conservation of threatened species such as snow leopards. However, what tourists know or value about snow leopards, and to what extent they support the conservation of this species, has received limited empirical attention. This paper investigates tourist knowledge about snow leopards, beliefs and values toward the species, and support for its conservation in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal. Survey data were collected from 406 foreign tourists between March and May 2014. Although knowledge about snow leopards varied among respondents, there was widespread support for their conservation. Knowledge about snow leopards was best explained by education level and environmental organization membership. Improved knowledge about the species, and a variety of intrinsic conservation values, were found to increase tourist support for snow leopard conservation. These results provide important insights to help tailor tourism initiatives to support the conservation of snow leopards. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1474 | ||
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Author | Robinson, J. J., Crichlow, A. D., Hacker, C. E., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtsog, B., Zhang, Y., Swanson, W. F., Lyons, L. A., Janecka, J. E. | ||||
Title | Genetic Variation in the Pallas’s Cat (Otocolobus manul) in Zoo-Managed and Wild Populations | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2024 | Publication | Diversity | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 228 | Pages | 1-13 |
Keywords | Otocolobus manul; microsatellites; zoo-managed population; mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA; endothelial PAS domain protein 1 | ||||
Abstract | The Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul) is one of the most understudied taxa in the Felidae family. The species is currently assessed as being of “Least Concern” in the IUCN Red List, but this assessment is based on incomplete data. Additional ecological and genetic information is necessary for the long-term in situ and ex situ conservation of this species. We identified 29 microsatellite loci with sufficient diversity to enable studies into the individual identification, population structure, and phylogeography of Pallas’s cats. These microsatellites were genotyped on six wild Pallas’s cats from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Mongolia and ten cats from a United States zoo-managed population that originated in Russia and Mongolia. Additionally, we examined diversity in a 91 bp segment of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) locus and a hypoxia-related gene, endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1). Based on the microsatellite and MT-RNR1 loci, we established that the Pallas’s cat displays moderate genetic diversity. Intriguingly, we found that the Pallas’s cats had one unique nonsynonymous substitution in EPAS1 not present in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) or domestic cats (Felis catus). The analysis of the zoo-managed population indicated reduced genetic diversity compared to wild individuals. The genetic information from this study is a valuable resource for future research into and the conservation of the Pallas’s cat. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1749 | ||
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Author | Lama, T.T. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard Conservation Annual Progress Report | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Nepal; conservation; Iunc; Wwf; management; Islt; field-study; field; study; Kanchenjunga; annapurna; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-area; habitat; workshops; monitoring; browse; 4170; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; status; Report | ||||
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Notes | Full text available at URLAuthor Role: Program OfficerAuthor Affiliation: WWF Nepal ProgramTitle, Analytic: Snow Leopard Conservation Annual Progress Report.ProCite field [12]: (2000-20001) | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 405 | Serial | 608 | ||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | Resolutions Conservation of Snow Leopard, Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 329-331 | ||
Keywords | resolutions; conservation; management; Khunjerab; Taxkorgan; Sagarmatha; Makalu-Barun; Qomolangma; Transboundry; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Nepal; Tibet; China; Pakistan; Cites; Slims; eco-development; livestock; herders; conflict; siberia; gobi; Altay; Altai; Mongolia; Arksai; Liqaru; Arba; Ganzi; Baoxin; pollution; pesticides; toxicity; cooperation; status; zoos; zoological-gardens; browse; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; eco development; eco; development; zoological; gardens; zoological gardens; 3530 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 214 | Serial | 82 | ||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | Protection Funded for Himalayan Snow Leopards, Bears | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | Tien-Shan; biodiversity; Transboundry; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyz; Uzbekistan; Himalayan; management; conservation; kazakstan; browse; tien shan; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; 4110 | ||||
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Notes | http://ens.lycos.com/ens/jun99/1999L-06-23-05.html (article,photos), c Environment News Service (ENS) 1999. All Rights Reserved. Full Text at Snowleopard URLJournal Title: Environmental News Service | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 360 | Serial | 87 | ||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | A snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | awareness; behaviour; biodiversity; conservation plan; decline; density; ecology; fund-raising; funding; habitat degradation; Himalayan; management; Mongolia; montane; pastoralists; pelt; predator; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; snow leopard; trade; Wwf | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard faces multiple threats in the Himalayan region, from habitat degradation, loss of prey, the trade in pelts, parts and live animals, and conflict with humans, primarily pastoralists. Consequently, the populations are considered to be in decline and the species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN's Red List. As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.This regional strategy for WWF's snow leopard conservation program is built on such an approach. The following were identified as important regional issues: 1) international trade in snow leopards and parts; 2) the human-snow leopard conflict; 3) the need for a landscape approach to conservation to provide large spatial areas that can support demographically and ecologically viable snow leopard metapopulations; 4) research on snow leopard ecology to develop long-term, science-based conservation management plans; and 5) regional coordination and dialog. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress. | ||||
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Notes | Publication date unknown but must be at least from 2000. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 995 | Serial | 92 | ||
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Author | Bhatnagar, Y.V.; Mathur, V.B.; McCarthy, T. | ||||
Title | A Regional Perspective for Snow Leopard Conservation In the Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | snow; leopard; India; indian; Himalaya; Himalayan; conservation; region; regional; climate; topography; flora; fauna; Tibet; tibetan; protected; area; planning; management; manage; biogeographic; gazelle; kiang; yak; predator; 4900 | ||||
Abstract | The Trans-Himalaya is a vast biogeographic region in the cold and arid rain-shadow of the Greater Himalaya and is spread over three Indian states. From the conservation standpoint this region has several unique characteristics. Unlike most other biogeographic regions of the country, it has wildlife, including large mammals, spread over the entire region. Another feature is that the harsh climate and topography provides limited agricultural land and pastures, all of which are currently utilized by people. The harsh environment has given rise to a specialized assemblage of flora and fauna in the region that include the endangered snow leopard, a variety of wild sheep and goat, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle, kiang and wild yak. The snow leopard is one of the most charismatic species of the Trans-Himalaya. This apex predator, with a wide distribution, has ecological importance and international appeal, and is eminently suitable to be used as both a 'flagship' and an 'umbrella species' to anchor and guide conservation efforts in the Trans-Himalayan region. Among the 10 Biogeographic Zones in the country, the Trans-Himalaya has a comparatively large Protected Area (PA) coverage, with over 15,000 km2 (8.2 %) of the geographical area under the network. In spite of this, the bulk of the large mammal populations still exist outside the PAs, which include highly endangered species such as snow leopard, chiru, wild yak, Ladakh urial, kiang and brown bear. Given the sparse resource availability in the Trans-Himalaya and the existing human use patterns, there are few alternatives that can be provided to resource dependent human communities in and around PAs. The existing PAs themselves pose formidable conservation challenges and a further increase in their extent is impractical. The problem is further compounded by the fact that some of the large PAs have unclear boundaries and include vast stretches that do not have any direct wildlife values. These issues call for an alternative strategy for conservation of the Trans-Himalayan tracts based on a regional perspective, which includes reconciling conservation with development. In this paper we stress that conservation issues of this region, such as competition for forage between wild and domestic herbivores and human-wildlife conflicts need to be addressed in a participatory manner. We suggest an alternative scheme to look at the zonation of existing PAs and also the Trans-Himalayan region as a whole, to facilitate better conservation in the region. Also, we emphasize that there is a vital need for additional resources and a formal setup for regional planning and management under a centrally sponsored scheme such as the 'Project Snow Leopard'. |
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 476 | Serial | 137 | ||
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