| Records |
| Author |
Lydekker, R. |
| Title |
The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1907 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
prey; predators; game; India; Burma; Malaya; Tibet; browse; 1930 |
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| Publisher |
Rowland Ward |
Place of Publication |
London |
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Language  |
English |
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| Notes |
ProCite field [12]: (1907) |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 9 |
Serial |
630 |
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| Author |
Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S. |
| Title |
Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
315-327 |
| Keywords |
vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest |
| Abstract |
Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores. |
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| Publisher |
Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd. |
Place of Publication |
Israel |
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| Language |
English |
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English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1109 |
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| Author |
Lovari, S., Boesi, R., Minder, I., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Dematteis, A., and Ale, S. B. |
| Title |
Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
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Pages |
559-570 |
| Keywords |
conservation, food habits, genetics, Hemitragus jemlahicus, Himalayan tahr, management, microsatellite, predation, presence, scat, scat analysis, snow leopard, Uncia uncia |
| Abstract |
Twenty-five years ago, the snow leopard Uncia uncia, an endangered large cat, was eliminated from what is now Sagarmatha National Park (SNP). Heavy hunting pressure depleted that area of most medium-large mammals, before it became a park. After three decades of protection, the cessation of hunting and the recovery of wild ungulate populations, snow leopards have recently returned (four individuals). We have documented the effects of the return of the snow leopard on the population of its main wild prey, the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, a 'near-threatened' caprin. Signs of snow leopard presence were recorded and scats were collected along a fixed trail (130 km) to assess the presence and food habits of the snow leopard in the Park, from 2004 to 2006. Himalayan tahr, the staple of the diet, had a relative occurrence of 48% in summer and 37% in autumn, compared with the next most frequent prey, musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (summer: 20%; autumn: 15%) and cattle (summer: 15%; autumn: 27%). In early summer, the birth rate of tahr (young-to-female ratio: 0.8-0.9) was high. The decrease of this ratio to 0.1-0.2 in autumn implied that summer predation concentrated on young tahr, eventually altering the population by removing the kid cohort. Small populations of wild Caprinae, for example the Himalayan tahr population in SNP, are sensitive to stochastic predation events and may be led to almost local extinction. If predation on livestock keeps growing, together with the decrease of Himalayan tahr, retaliatory killing of snow leopards by local people may be expected, and the snow leopard could again be at risk of local extinction. Restoration of biodiversity through the return of a large predator has to be monitored carefully, especially in areas affected by humans, where the lack of important environmental components, for example key prey species, may make the return of a predator a challenging event. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1122 |
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| Author |
Fox, J.L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S. |
| Title |
Activity patterns and habitat use of ibex in the Himalaya mountains of India |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of Mammology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
73 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
527-534 |
| Keywords |
Capra ibex, activity patterns, habitat use, Himalaya mountains, India |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1168 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R. |
| Title |
Radio-tracking snow leopards in the Himalaya: a progress report |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
snow leopard, radio telemetry, Himalaya, Nepal |
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English |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1261 |
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| Author |
Anwar, M., Jackson, R., Nadeem, M., Janecka, J., Hussain, S., Beg, M., Muhammad, G., and Qayyum, M. |
| Title |
Food habits of the snow leopard Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) in Baltistan, Northern Pakistan |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
European Journal of Wildlife Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
3 March |
Pages |
1-7 |
| Keywords |
Himalayas, Karakoram, Scat, Diet, Hair, Livestock, Biomass |
| Abstract |
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the high, remote mountains of Pakistan from where very little information is available on prey use of this species. Our study describes the food habits of the snow leopard in the Himalayas and Karakoram mountain ranges in Baltistan, Pakistan. Ninety-five putrid snow leopard scats were collected from four sites in Baltistan. Of these, 49 scats were genetically confirmed to have originated from snow leopards. The consumed prey was identified on the basis of morphological characteristics of hairs recovered from the scats. It was found that most of the biomass consumed (70%) was due to domestic livestock viz. sheep (23%), goat (16%), cattle (10%), yak (7%), and cattle–yak hybrids (14%). Only 30% of the biomass was due to wild species, namely Siberian ibex (21%), markhor (7%), and birds (2%). Heavy predation on domestic livestock appeared to be the likely cause of conflict with the local inhabitants. Conservation initiatives should focus on mitigating this conflict by minimizing livestock losses. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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English |
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1612-4642 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1304 |
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| Author |
Namgail, T. |
| Title |
Vigilance behaviour of the Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in the Indian Trans-Himalaya |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Acta Zoologica Sinica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
53 |
Issue |
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Pages |
195-200 |
| Keywords |
Tibertan argali, Ovis ammon, vigilance, dilution effect, Ladakh, Trans-Himalaya |
| Abstract |
An inverse relationship between individual vigilance level and group size is widely reported in many behavioral studies on animals across several taxa. It is generally held that such a relationship is due to a reduced probability of an individual being killed in larger groups. in the present investigation, I studied the vigilance behavior of the endangered Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in relation to group size and escape terrain. I hypothesized that an individual argali has a higher vigilance level in smaller groups and in habitats closer to cliffs than individuals living in larger groups and open areas (escape terrain). The results show that the vigilance of argali decreased with increasing group size, but there was no effect of escape terrain on its vigilance behavior. There were significant differences between age-sex groups: male, female and yearling in their time budgets. Females, compared to males and yearlings, spent more time being vigilant. They also foraged more and moved less than males. It is suggested that vigilance is an important anti-predator behavior amongst argali sheep. |
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English |
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| Notes |
Abstract also available in Chinese |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1310 |
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| Author |
Devendra, T. & Chalise, M. |
| Title |
Population and habitat of Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in Langtang Himalaya, Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Special issue on the occasion of 15th Wildlife Week |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
2067 |
Pages |
37-46 |
| Keywords |
Himalayan Thar, census, habitat characters, use |
| Abstract |
A survey of Himalayan Thar was carried out in Langtang valley in response to the lacking of scientific information of its population status and distribution in the area. The study was carried out from Ghodatabela to Langsisa Kharka during April to June of 2003/04/2005. The area was divided into 5 survey blocks measuring 5sqkm each and study was conducted through blocks. Observed herds and individual animals were repeatedly counted and recorded. A total of 218 individuals of different age and sex Himalayan Thar were recorded during the study in 8 different herds. Three types of herds were recognized; Adult male-adult female-young (37.5%), Adult female-young (37.5%) and All adult-male (25%). Survey revealed that 50% of Thar herds were observed in 4200-4900m (Fourth block) and least (12%) were in 3700-4000m (First block), animals were not located in 3850-4200m (Third, Fifth block). Stratified random sampling was done to analyze the vegetation in their habitat and identified 26 potential plant species. The encroachment of their habitat is severe by the excessive livestock grazing and utilization for cowshed. Noticeable disturbance felt due to frequent poaching and tourist flow. The conservation of this species seems vital as it is prime prey species of Snow leopard in LNP. |
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Dept. of National Parks & Wildlife Cons. /Govt. of Nepal |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1318 |
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