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Author Alexander, J. S., Shi, K., Tallents, L. A., Riordan, P.
Title On the high trail: examining determinants of site use by the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qilianshan, China Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Fauna & Flora International Pages 1-8
Keywords (down) Camera Trap, China, Detection Probability, Occupancy Modelling, Panthera Uncia, Site use, Snow Leopard
Abstract Abstract There is a need for simple and robust techniques for assessment and monitoring of populations of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia to inform the de- velopment of action plans for snow leopard conservation. We explored the use of occupancy modelling to evaluate the influence of environmental and anthropogenic features on snow leopard site-use patterns. We conducted a camera trap survey across  km in Gansu Province, China, and used data from  camera traps to estimate probabilities of site use and detection using the single season occupancy model. We assessed the influence of three covariates on site use by snow leopards: elevation, the presence of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and the presence of human disturb- ance (distance to roads). We recorded  captures of snow leopards over , trap-days, representing a mean capture success of . captures per  trap-days. Elevation had the strongest influence on site use, with the probability of site use increasing with altitude, whereas the influence of presence of prey and distance to roads was relatively weak. Our findings indicate the need for practical and robust tech- niques to appraise determinants of site use by snow leo- pards, especially in the context of the limited resources available for such work.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1433
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Author Suryawanshi, K. R., Khanyari, M., Sharma, K., Lkhagvajav, P., Mishra, C.
Title Sampling bias in snow leopard population estimation studies Type Journal Article
Year 2019 Publication Population Eccology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-9
Keywords (down) camera trap, Central Asia, Himalaya, meta-analysis, monitoring, Panthera uncia, population ecology
Abstract Accurate assessments of the status of threatened species and their conservation

planning require reliable estimation of their global populations and robust monitoring

of local population trends. We assessed the adequacy and suitability of studies

in reliably estimating the global snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population. We

compiled a dataset of all the peer-reviewed published literature on snow leopard

population estimation. Metadata analysis showed estimates of snow leopard density

to be a negative exponential function of area, suggesting that study areas have generally

been too small for accurate density estimation, and sampling has often been

biased towards the best habitats. Published studies are restricted to six of the

12 range countries, covering only 0.3�0.9% of the presumed global range of the

species. Re-sampling of camera trap data from a relatively large study site

(c.1684 km2) showed that small-sized study areas together with a bias towards

good quality habitats in existing studies may have overestimated densities by up to

five times. We conclude that current information is biased and inadequate for generating

a reliable global population estimate of snow leopards. To develop a rigorous

and useful baseline and to avoid pitfalls, there is an urgent need for

(a) refinement of sampling and analytical protocols for population estimation of

snow leopards (b) agreement and coordinated use of standardized sampling protocols

amongst researchers and governments across the range, and (c) sampling

larger and under-represented areas of the snow leopard's global range.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1477
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Author Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C.
Title Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-10
Keywords (down) browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya
Abstract Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya.
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Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Online Editor
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Notes This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1062 Serial 951
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Author Blomqvist, L.
Title Captive Snow Leopard Report for 1989 Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication International Zoo News Abbreviated Journal
Volume 265 Issue Pages 5-14
Keywords (down) browse; captivity; distribution; status; zoo; zoos
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 141 Serial 162
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Author Freeman, H.
Title Introduction to the Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium Type Conference Article
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages ix
Keywords (down) browse; 4270
Abstract
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India Place of Publication Editor H.Freeman
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Full Text at URL Title, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium Place of Meeting: Srinigar, India Date of Copyright: 1988 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 416 Serial 321
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Author Watanabe, M.; Sugano, S.; Togashi, T.; Imai, J.; Uchida, K.; Yamaguchi, R.; Tateyama, S.
Title Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of canine beta-casein Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication DNA Seq Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 3-4 Pages 295-300
Keywords (down) browse; 390
Abstract A canine beta-casein cDNA was isolated from mammary tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers. It encodes 250 amino acids protein containing the conserved sequence motif of beta- casein. It showed the highest homology with snow-leopard (Uncia uncia (55-62% identity). It also showed 44-53% identity with human, 33-42%, identity with mouse, 29-37%, identity with rat, 43-53% identity with rabbit, 41-48% identity with pig, 44-51% identity with cattle and 44- 50% identity with sheep. A 1.2-kb mRNA was detected in mammary tissue by Northern blot analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that canine beta-casein formed a branch with lesser panda and snow leopard, which were grouped into carnivore.
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ISSN 1042-5179 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 386 Serial 1010
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Author Doherty, J.; Wharton, D.
Title Breeding Management of the Snow Leopard at the New York Zoological Park Type Conference Article
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 173-179
Keywords (down) Bronx-Zoo; zoos; zoo; breeding; cubs; husbandry; captivity; veterinary; browse; bronx; 1750
Abstract Since 1996, the Bronx Zoo has produced 48 snow leopard cubs. Some of the cubs born in the last several years are the great-great grandchildren of the Bronx male Sherpa born in 1966. These five generations have all been bred and reared in the Zoological Park's Lion House which opened in 1903......Instead we will focus primarily on mangement and manipulation for cub production.
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India Place of Publication India Editor H.Freeman
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Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 105 Serial 243
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Author Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M.
Title Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia Type Journal Article
Year 1975 Publication Int.Zoo Yearbook Abbreviated Journal
Volume 15 Issue Pages 212-217
Keywords (down) breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park
Abstract Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 31 Serial 535
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Author Aramov, B.
Title The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Gissarsky Nature Reserve Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 108-109
Keywords (down) breeding; diet; predator; prey; reserve; reserves; park; parks; refuge; livestock; marmot; goat; sheep; horse; ibex; habitat; Gissarsky; Tajikistan; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; behavior; wolves; Dogs; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; soviet; union; soviet union; 2820
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor Jackson, R. and A.A.
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Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad. PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 302 Serial 95
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Author Rieger, I.
Title Some difficulty breeding ounces, (Uncia uncia) at zoological gardens Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 76-95
Keywords (down) breeding; captivity; zoo; zoos; monagamy; behavior; browse; 3670
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Notes discusses monagamy in snow leopards Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 54 Serial 819
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