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Author | Anwar, M., Jackson, R., Nadeem, M., Janecka, J., Hussain, S., Beg, M., Muhammad, G., and Qayyum, M. | ||||
Title | Food habits of the snow leopard Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) in Baltistan, Northern Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | European Journal of Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 3 March | Pages | 1-7 | |
Keywords | Himalayas, Karakoram, Scat, Diet, Hair, Livestock, Biomass | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the high, remote mountains of Pakistan from where very little information is available on prey use of this species. Our study describes the food habits of the snow leopard in the Himalayas and Karakoram mountain ranges in Baltistan, Pakistan. Ninety-five putrid snow leopard scats were collected from four sites in Baltistan. Of these, 49 scats were genetically confirmed to have originated from snow leopards. The consumed prey was identified on the basis of morphological characteristics of hairs recovered from the scats. It was found that most of the biomass consumed (70%) was due to domestic livestock viz. sheep (23%), goat (16%), cattle (10%), yak (7%), and cattle–yak hybrids (14%). Only 30% of the biomass was due to wild species, namely Siberian ibex (21%), markhor (7%), and birds (2%). Heavy predation on domestic livestock appeared to be the likely cause of conflict with the local inhabitants. Conservation initiatives should focus on mitigating this conflict by minimizing livestock losses. | ||||
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Publisher | Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1612-4642 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1304 | ||
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Author | Maheshwari, A., Sharma, D. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard conservation in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-70 | ||
Keywords | Himalayan, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, WWF-India, survey, India | ||||
Abstract | The Greater and Trans Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh have great potential in terms of wildlife (flora and fauna). This survey was the first ever survey for the snow leopard in Uttarakhand and some of the areas of Himachal Pradesh till date. It confirms the presence of snow leopard in Uttarakhand on the basis of indirect evidence. We could not find any evidence of snow leopard from surveyed areas in Himachal Pradesh – but it certainly does not mean that there are no snow leopards in the surveyed areas. Areas above 3000m elevation were selected for this survey in 10 protected areas of both the states. Status and distribution of snow leopard was assessed through indirect evidence (n=13) found between 3190 and 4115m. On average, one indirect evidence of snow leopard was found for every 39km walked. About 39% of the evidence was found on the hill-slope followed by valley floor (30%), cliff (15%) and 8% from both stream bed and scree slope. Preferred mean slope was 28° (maximum 60°). Snow leopard-human conflicts were assessed through questionnaire surveys from Govind Pashu Vihar, Askot Wild Life Sanctuary and Dung (Munsiari) areas. They revealed that livestock depredation is the only component of conflict and contributed to 36% of the total diet (mule, goat and sheep) of snow leopard. Blue sheep and rodents together comprised 36.4% of the total diet. |
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Corporate Author | WWF-India, New Dehli | Thesis | |||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | January 2010. Species Conservation Programme. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1094 | ||
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Author | Devendra, T. & Chalise, M. | ||||
Title | Population and habitat of Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in Langtang Himalaya, Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Special issue on the occasion of 15th Wildlife Week | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 2067 | Pages | 37-46 | |
Keywords | Himalayan Thar, census, habitat characters, use | ||||
Abstract | A survey of Himalayan Thar was carried out in Langtang valley in response to the lacking of scientific information of its population status and distribution in the area. The study was carried out from Ghodatabela to Langsisa Kharka during April to June of 2003/04/2005. The area was divided into 5 survey blocks measuring 5sqkm each and study was conducted through blocks. Observed herds and individual animals were repeatedly counted and recorded. A total of 218 individuals of different age and sex Himalayan Thar were recorded during the study in 8 different herds. Three types of herds were recognized; Adult male-adult female-young (37.5%), Adult female-young (37.5%) and All adult-male (25%). Survey revealed that 50% of Thar herds were observed in 4200-4900m (Fourth block) and least (12%) were in 3700-4000m (First block), animals were not located in 3850-4200m (Third, Fifth block). Stratified random sampling was done to analyze the vegetation in their habitat and identified 26 potential plant species. The encroachment of their habitat is severe by the excessive livestock grazing and utilization for cowshed. Noticeable disturbance felt due to frequent poaching and tourist flow. The conservation of this species seems vital as it is prime prey species of Snow leopard in LNP. | ||||
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Corporate Author | Dept. of National Parks & Wildlife Cons. /Govt. of Nepal | Thesis | |||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1318 | ||
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Author | Natalia, E., Sergey, N., Vyacheslav, R., Fedor, V., Antonio, H. B. J., Andrey, P., Alexander, K.,Ekaterina, P. | ||||
Title | HELMINTHS OF RARE FELINE SPECIES (FELIDAE) IN SIBERIA AND THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | International Journal of Research In | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 70-74 | ||
Keywords | Helminths, Amur tiger, Amur leopard, Pallas's cat, Snow leopard. | ||||
Abstract | Parasites diversity in close-related species of hosts may be different depending on habitat use and climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze parasites fauna in four felid species inhabiting Russian Far East and South Siberia (including taiga forest and mountain treeless areas). We have collected 272 feces samples of four felid species: Amur tiger, Amur leopard, snow leopard and Pallas� cat. Helminths (eggs and larvae) in excrements were studied by flotation using a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate. We have described 10 helminths species in Amur tiger feces, 6 � in Amur leopard, 2 � in snow leopard and 3 � in Pallas� cat. Obviously, snow leopard and Palls� cat had lower helminths diversity than two other species. These differences can be explained, to some extent, by climatic parameters. The climate in the snow leopard and Pallas' cat habitats is described by sharp and significant temperature fluctuations – the annual temperature difference can exceed 90°C, which may lead to lower survival of the number of infectious agents in Pallas' cat excrements. In addition, the snow cover that can protect helminth eggs and larvae from the cold temperatures especially in Amur tiger and Amur leopard habitats. Possibly, another important factor is the spatial and social organization of Pallas' cats, with a low frequency of contacts with other individuals. Such way, species-specific differences in helminths were related, probably, with the species evolution in different habitats |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1481 | ||
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Author | Jackson. R | ||||
Title | Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Springer Science and Business Media | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 357-380 | ||
Keywords | Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation | ||||
Abstract | Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color. Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods. This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms and wildlife disturbance or poaching). When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife, conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism sectors). |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1393 | ||
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Author | Johansson, O., McCarthy, T., Samelius, G., Andren, H., Tumursukh, L., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard predation in a livestock dominated landscape in Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 184 | Issue | Pages | 251-258 | |
Keywords | Gobi desert, GPS collar, Kill rate, Panthera uncial, Prey choice, Wildlife conflict | ||||
Abstract | Livestock predation is an important cause of endangerment of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) across its range. Yet, detailed information on individual and spatio-temporal variation in predation patterns of snow leopards and their kill rates of livestock and wild ungulates are lacking. We collared 19 snow leopards in the Tost Mountains, Mongolia, and searched clusters of GPS positions to identify prey remains and estimate kill rate and prey choice. Snow leopards killed, on average, one ungulate every 8 days, which included more wild prey (73%) than livestock (27%), despite livestock abundance being at least one order of magnitude higher. Predation on herded livestock occurred mainly on stragglers and in rugged areas where animals are out of sight of herders. The two wild ungulates, ibex (Capra ibex) and argali (Ovis ammon), were killed in proportion to their relative abundance. Predation patterns changed with spatial (wild ungulates) and seasonal (livestock) changes in prey abundance. Adult male snow leopards killed larger prey and 2–6 times more livestock compared to females and young males. Kill rates were considerably higher than previous scat-based estimates, and kill rates of females were higher than kill rates of males. We suggest that (i) snow leopards prey largely on wild ungulates and kill livestock opportunistically, (ii) retaliatory killing by livestock herders is likely to cause greater mortality of adult male snow leopards compared to females and young males, and (iii) total off-take of prey by a snow leopard population is likely to be much higher than previous estimates suggest. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1420 | ||
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Author | Karmacharya, D. | ||||
Title | Field Protocol – Scat Collection for Genetic Analysis | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
Keywords | field protocol, scat collection, scat, genetic analysis, Nepal | ||||
Abstract | Project funded by Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Center for Molecular Genetics, Nepal. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1346 | ||
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Author | Sivolobov, R. | ||||
Title | ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KORYAKIA AND CHUKOTKA: IRBIS, TIGER AND THE IRKUYEM-BEAR | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 225-233 | ||
Keywords | endangered species, Beringian snow cat, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, camera-trap, Koryakia, Chukotka | ||||
Abstract | After 30 years of searching for the mysterious Beringian snow cat in vast space of Koryakia and Chukotka one of the five cameras recorded finally this beast at night in September 2014. This is not so much a sensation as a real scientific discovery, saying that the hearts of the snow leopard population resettlement are not in 5000 km from the main range boundaries, but much closer. Where? � will show further studies. In addition to the snow leopard in the North-Eastern Asia, it found two more endangered large mammal species: the Amur tiger and the relict of the Ice Age � the Irkuyem-bear. Author has given these animals his life and his article devoted to this topic. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1456 | ||
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Author | Murali, R., Redpath, S., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | The value of ecosystem services in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Elsevier | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 28 | Pages | 115-123 | |
Keywords | Ecosystem services, Pastoralists, Local communities, Provisioning services Economic valuation, Panthera uncia | ||||
Abstract | The high mountain ranges of South and Central Asia are increasingly being exposed to large-scale development projects. These areas are home to traditional pastoralist communities and internationally important biodiversity including the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia. Development projects rely on economic cost-benefit analysis, but the ecosystem services in the high Himalayas are poorly understood and are rarely accounted for. As a first step to fill this gap, we identified the main ecosystem services used by local people in the Trans-Himalayan Spiti Valley (7591 km2), a region important for conservation of snow leopards and high mountain biodiversity, and undertook an economic valuation. Stakeholders identified a range of services, though these were dominated by provisioning services identified by 90% of respondents. Only 5.4% of the respondents recognised regulatory services and 4.8% recognised cultural services. The mean economic value of provisioning services was estimated at US$ 3622 ± 149 HH1 yr1, which was 3.8 times higher than the average annual household income. Our results underscore the need to account for ecosystem services in the cost-benefit analyses of large-scale development projects in addition to assessments of their environmental and social impact. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1462 | ||
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Author | Wu, D., Maming, R., Xu, G., Zhu X., Buzzard, P. | ||||
Title | Relationship between ibex and snow leopard about food chain and population density in Tian Shan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Selevinia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 186-190 | ||
Keywords | diet, ibex, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Many studies have demonstrated that ibex (Capra sibirica) are the most frequently eaten prey of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Xinjiang, the west of China. Thus, an understanding of interactions between these species may have significant management and conservation of implications for both. In this study, we provide information on ibex grouping and density over a 24 month period in the Tian Shan of Xinjiang, China. We then use ibex density to estimate the density of snow leopards. We observed ibex primarily in ewe-lamb groups (N=880), but ibex sexual segregation and grouping changed seasonally with more mixed-sex groups during the winter rut. We observed the most ibex in April 2014 and 2015 with an average of (2422 ± 119 ibex). Over the 1643 km2 study area we then estimated an ibex density of 154 ± 23 ibex /100 km2 from which we estimated a density of 1.31~2.58 snow leopards/100 km2. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1439 | ||
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