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Author Jack; Jill; Jackson, P.; Wharton, D.; Jackson, R.
Title Snow leopard, Ucia uncia Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up) Slims; status; distribution; habitat; diet; China; Mongolia; Kyrgyzstan; discription; range; conservation; behavior; browse; 4040
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Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 4 Serial 426
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Author Kashkarov, E.
Title THE SNOW LEOPARD OF KIRGIZIA: NATIONAL SHAME OR NATIONAL PRIDE Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 239-253
Keywords (up) snow leopard, irbis, ibex, mountain sheep, conservation, range, reserve, monitoring, cameratrap, Sarychat, Kirgizia, Central Asia.
Abstract Article examines the problems existing in conservation of the snow leopard in Kirgizia after break-up of the

USSR. Unfortunate situation is common to most of the 14 countries in the snow leopard range, but seems

especially sharp to Kirgizia. Yet half of the century ago Kirgizia has had about 1.5 thousand of the snow

leopards, and today there remains no more than 1/10. In Soviet time Kirgizia was a global supplier of the

snow leopards for the zoo-export &#65533; to create a reserve number of endangered cats in captivity. Today, at

least half of the snow leopards in the Zoos of the world are individuals, caught in Kirgizia or their

descendants.

Since independence, Kirgizia has set new records. In Sarychat-Irtash reserve &#65533; the best for the snow

leopard in Central Asia, and probably in the whole range &#65533; this species was completely destroyed after 3

years of reserve opening... and 17 years later &#65533; revived... Situation comes presently back to the worst-case

scenario, and not only for the snow leopard. Author shows how work in this direction social and economic

levers, and what kind future he would like to see in Kirgizia, where he lived for 12 years and was at the

forefront of pioneering research of the snow leopard and its conservation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1454
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Author McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O.
Title Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Autumn Issue 53 Pages 15-19
Keywords (up) snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling
Abstract Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1151
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Author Simms, A., Moheb, Z., Salahudin, Ali, H., Ali, I. & Wood, T.
Title Saving threatened species in Afghanistan: snow leopards in the Wakhan Corridor Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication International Journal of Environmental Studies Abbreviated Journal
Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 299-312
Keywords (up) Snow leopard; Camera trap; Governance; Rangers; Corral; Insurance
Abstract The Wakhan Corridor in northeast Afghanistan is an area known for relatively abundant wildlife and it appears to represent Afghanistan’s most important snow leopard landscape. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has been working in Wakhan since 2006. Recent camera trap surveys have documented the presence of snow leopards at 16 different locations in the landscape. These are the first camera trap records of snow leopards in Afghanistan. Threats to snow leopards in the region include the fur trade, retaliatory killing by shepherds and the capture of live animals for pets. WCS is developing an integrated management approach for this species, involving local governance, protection by a cadre of rangers, education, construction of predator-proof livestock corrals, a livestock insurance program, tourism and research activities. This management approach is expected to contribute significantly to the conservation of snow leopards and other wildlife species in the Wakhan.
Address Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, 2300 Southern Blvd, New York 10460, USA
Corporate Author Wildlife Conservation Society Thesis
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1347
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Author Sokolov V.E.
Title Snow leopard genus Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 238-240
Keywords (up) snow leopard; taxonomy; species range; habitats; reproduction; diet; Pregnancy; birth; cubs; lifetime; endangered species.; 8240; Russian
Abstract Genus Uncia has only one species snow leopard. Described is the length of body, length of tail, body weight, colour, skull, number of teeth, habitat, reproduction, and life expectancy. This species has no essential practical value and is included in the Red Data Book as an endangered species.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Taxonomy of mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 802 Serial 907
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Author McCarthy, T.; Fuller, T.; Munkhtsog, B.
Title Movements and activities of snow leopards in Southwestern Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 124 Issue Pages 527-537
Keywords (up) snow leopard; Uncia uncia; Mongolia; satellite radio-telemetry; home range; activity patterns; 6310
Abstract Four adult (2M:2F) snow leopards (Uncia uncia) were radio-monitored (VHF; one also via satellite) year-round during 1994-1997 in the Altai Mountains of southwestern Mongolia where prey densities (i.e., ibex, Capra siberica) were relatively low (0.9/km2). Marked animals were more active at night (51%) than during the day (35%). Within the study area, marked leopards showed strong a.nity for steep and rugged terrain, high use of areas rich in ungulate prey, and a.nity for habitat edges. The satellite-monitored leopard moved more than 12 km on 14% of consecutive days monitored. Home ranges determined by standard telemetry techniques overlapped substantially and were at least 13-141 km2in size. However, the satellite-monitored individual apparently ranged over an area of at least 1590 km2, and perhaps over as much as 4500 km2. Since telemetry attempts from the ground were

frequently unsuccessful dx¬ 72%_, we suspect all marked animals likely had large home ranges. Relatively low prey abundance in the area also suggested that home ranges of >500 km2were not unreasonable to expect, though these are >10-fold larger than measured in any other part of snow leopard range. Home ranges of snow leopards may be larger than we suspect in many areas, and thus estimation of snow leopard conservation status must rigorously consider logistical constraints inherent in telemetry studies, and the relative abundance of prey.
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Notes Journal Title: Biological Conservation Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 609 Serial 665
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Author Poyarkov, A.D.; Subbotin, A.E.
Title Strategic Priorities and the System of Measures for Snow Leopard Conservation in Russia Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up) snow; leopard; range; conservation; habitats; cooridoors; reserve; reserves; Russia; competitors; Competition; predators prey; population; poaching; smuggling; grazers; program; 5060
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 492 Serial 790
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Author Jackson, R.
Title Snow Leopard Status, Distribution, and Protected Areas Coverage Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up) snow; leopard; status; distribution; range; China; Bhutan; conservation; protection; protected; protect; areas; Afghanistan; Nepal; Ussr; population; kyrgystan; Pakistan; Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; 4980
Abstract This document reports on the status, distribution and protected areas coverage for snow leopard across its range in Central Asia. It is intended to aid in updating the existing knowledge base of snow leopard status and distribution during the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS) Workshop organized by the International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), and to be held in Seattle on May 21-25, 2002. The SLSS workshop provides an unique opportunity to solicit feedback from scientists,

conservation organizations, government agencies and knowledgeable experts in order to:

(1) Verify the accuracy of information presented in this document (much of which was published 5-10 years ago) and to identify data gaps, especially with respect to population size and protectedareas coverage for this species;

(2) Aid organizations in developing tightly targeting conservation actions by identifying critical snow leopard areas, parks and reserves, and by implication, the intervening linking corridors linking key protected areas;

(3) Serve as a catalyst for encouraging range-countries to conduct field surveys into snow leopard status and distribution, especially in those areas deemed the most important to the maintenance of a viable metapopulation across the 12 countries in which the species' occurs.
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 484 Serial 470
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Author Poyarkov, A.D.; Subbotin, A.E.
Title The Snow Leopard Status in Russia Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up) snow; leopard; status; uncia; Russia; range; habitat; population; 5050
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 491 Serial 789
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Author Koshkarev, E.
Title Strategy of Snow Leopard Conservation in the Range Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up) snow; leopard; uncia; conservation; poaching; protected; areas; range; population; protection; asia; endangered; species; 4990
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 485 Serial 568
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Author Jiang, Z.
Title Snow leopards in the Dulan International Hunting Ground, Qinghai, China Type Report
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-8
Keywords (up) snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; hunting; Qinghai; China; project; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; surveys; survey; mountains; mountain; province; transect; study; area; transects; pug; pug marks; pug-marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; density; densities; wild; ungulates; ungulate; region; camera; environment; photo; capture; population; population size; population-size; Animals; Animal; 20; livestock; Human; attitudes; attitude; tibetan; 30; nature; reserve; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; species; snow line; snow-line; endemic; alpine; central; Central Asia; asia; countries; country; fox; range; areas; Xinjiang; inner; Inner-Mongolia; Mongolia; Tibet; gansu; Sichuan; habitat; protection; nature reserves; reserves; cat; populations; domestic; laws; law; field; field surveys; field survey; field-surveys; field-survey; Kunlun; distribution; survival; status; Data; conservation
Abstract From March to May, 2006œªwe conducted extensive snow leopard surveys in the Burhanbuda Mountain Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China. 32 linear transect of 5~15 km each, which running through each vegetation type, were surveyed within the study area. A total of 72 traces of snow leopard were found along 4 transects (12.5% of total transects). The traces included pug marks or footprints, scrapes and urine marks. We estimated the average density of wild ungulates in the region was 2.88ñ0.35 individuals km-2(n=29). We emplaced 16 auto2 trigger cameras in different environments and eight photos of snow leopard were shot by four cameras and the capture rate of snow leopard was 71.4%. The minimum snow leopard population size in the Burhanbuda Mountain was two, because two snow leopards were phototrapped by different cameras at almost same time. Simultaneously, the cameras also shot 63 photos of other wild animals, including five photos are unidentified wild animals, and 20 photos of livestock. We evaluated the human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing with 27 Tibetan householders of 30 householders live in the study area. We propose to establish a nature reserve for protecting and managing snow leopards in the region. Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is considered as a unique species because it lives above the snow line, it is endemic to alpines in Central Asia, inhabiting in 12 countries across Central Asia (Fox, 1992). Snow leopard ranges in alpine areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu and Sichuan in western China (Liao, 1985, 1986; Zhou, 1987; Ma et al., 2002; Jiang & Xu, 2006). The total population and habitat of snow leopards in China are estimated to be 2,000~2,500 individuals and 1,824,316 km2, only 5% of which is under the protection of nature reserves. The cat's current range is fragmented (Zou & Zheng, 2003). Due to strong human persecutions, populations of snow leopards decreased significantly since the end of the 20th century. Thus, the

snow leopards are under the protection of international and domestic laws. From March to May, 2006, we conducted two field surveys in Zhiyu Village, Dulan County in Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, China to determine the population, distribution and survival status of snow leopards in the area. The aim of the study was to provide ecologic data for snow leopard conservation.
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Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1068 Serial 493
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Author Ale S.
Title Have snow leopards made a comeback to the Everest region of Nepal? Type Report
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-21
Keywords (up) snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; region; Nepal; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; 1960; endangered; Sagarmatha; High; Himalaya; tourism; impact; establishment; national; national park; National-park; park; 1980; area; Tibet; surveys; survey; status; Cats; cat; prey; research; project; sign; transects; transect; length; valley; Response; hunting; recovery; Himalayan; tahr; density; densities; range; pugmarks; sighting; 60; study; population; predators; predator; structure; prey species; prey-species; species; populations; mortality; effects; predation; population dynamics
Abstract In the 1960s, the endangered snow leopard was locally extirpated from the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) region of Nepal. In this Sherpa-inhabited high Himalaya, the flourishing tourism since the ascent of Mt Everest in 1953, has caused both prosperity and adverse impacts, the concern that catalyzed the establishment of Mt. Everest National Park in the region in 1976. In the late 1980s, there were reports that some transient snow leopards may have visited the area from adjoining Tibet, but no biological surveys exist to confirm the status of the cats and their prey. Have snow leopards finally returned to the top of the world? Exploring this question was the main purpose of this research project. We systematically walked altogether 24 sign transects covering over 13 km in length in three valleys, i.e. Namche, Phortse and Gokyo, of the park, and counted several snow leopard signs. The results indicated that snow leopards have made a comeback in the park in response to decades of protective measures, the virtual cessation of hunting and the recovery of the Himalayan tahr which is snow leopard's prey. The average sign density (4.2 signs/km and 2.5 sign sites/km) was comparable to that reported from other parts of the cats' range in the Himalaya. On this basis, we estimated the cat density in the Everest region between 1 to 3 cats per 100 sq km, a figure that was supported by different sets of pugmarks and actual sightings of snow leopards in the 60 km2 sample survey area. In the study area, tahr population had a low reproductive rate (e.g. kids-to-females ratio, 0.1, in Namche). Since predators can influence the size and the structure of prey species populations through mortality and through non-lethal effects or predation risk, snow leopards could have been the cause of the population dynamics of tahr in Sagarmtha, but this study could not confirm this speculation for which further probing may be required.
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Notes Progress report for the International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1063 Serial 50
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Author Schaller, G.B.; Hong, L.; Talipu, J.; Mingjiang, R.Q.
Title The Snow Leopard in Xinjiang, China Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume winter Issue Pages
Keywords (up) surveys; research; Tian-Shan; scrapes; sign; range; browse; 4780
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 465 Serial 869
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Author Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G.
Title Observation on Movements and Home Range of the Snow Leopard, (Panthera Uncia) In the Langu Gorge, West Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume No. 13 Issue Pages
Keywords (up) tracking; radio-tracking; collars; behavior; home-range; Nepal; browse; 4790
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 466 Serial 440
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Author Jegal, A.; Kashkarov, E.; Matyushkin E.N.
Title Simple method to distinguish tracks of snow leopard and lynx Type Manuscript
Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up) tracks; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Lynx; gobi; Altai; mountain; range; mountains; region; distribution; Case; local; hunters; hunter; Animals; Animal
Abstract In the Mongolian and Gobi Altai mountain ranges and also in some other mountains in this region, the

distribution of the snow leopard and Eurasian lynx overlaps. In some cases, local hunters cannot

distinguish the tracks of both these animals. Therefore we outline a simple method to distinguish tracks of

the snow leopard and lynx.
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Notes Two English translations of article are provided. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1101 Serial 491
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title The Felids family Felidae Gray, 1821 Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 46
Keywords (up) Ussr; Felidae; Miocene; Pliocene; Pleistocene; Holocene; origin; Uzbekistan; Genus Uncia; snow leopard; specie range; Western Tien Shan; Hissar ridge; Zeravshan ridge; Turkestan ridge.; 6980; Russian
Abstract Zoolites of the Felidae family are known from the Upper Eocene Lower Pliocene in Eurasia, Africa, and North America. Two sub-families are know to inhabit the territory of the USSR and adjacent territories: the extinct sabre-toothed Felidae species Machairodontia and now existing Felidae species. In the USSR the extinct Felidae species were found to exist in Upper Miocene, Upper and Middle Pliocene, and Pleistocene. In Eurasia panthers has been know since early Pliocene. Three species were found in Uzbekistan – the extinct cave lion Felidae sd†l…†… (Goldfuss, 1810), and now existing P…nth†a… tigris, P…nth†a… pardus. The ancient finds and modern habitats are briefly described. Genus Uncia is represented by one species snow leopard or irbis. Probably it appeared in later Pliocene or Pleistocene in the mountain of Central Asia. In Uzbekistan, remains of snow leopard were found in the Samarqand region in the layer of Upper Pleistocene or Holocene. Probably it moved into the area in Pleistocene or the period of glacier removal in the Western Tien Shan mountains, Turkestan, Zeravshan, and Hissar ridges.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Possible way of the mammal fauna formation on the territory of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 676 Serial 422
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Author Sludskiy A.A.
Title Snow leopard or irbis Pantera (Uncia) uncia Schreber (1776) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1973 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 34. Hunting mammals of Kazakhstan Issue Pages 74-83
Keywords (up) Ussr; Kazakhstan; snow leopard; species range; distribution; number; habitats; hunting; pelts; conservation measures.; 8170; Russian
Abstract A detailed description of the snow leopard habitat in Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, and India is given. Provided are data concerning its distribution and population size in the USSR, Kazakhstan and other neighbour countries, as well as its habitat, catching, and fur trade. Reduction of the snow leopard catching volumes for zoological trade to 10 or less animals is recommended to preserve the species; establish two new highland nature reserves; improve the management of snow leopard raising in captivity.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Volumes of the Institute of Zoology, Kazakh SSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 795 Serial 898
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Author Bogdanov O.P.
Title Snow leopard or irbis Uncia Uncia Type Miscellaneous
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 76-80
Keywords (up) Ussr; Uzbekistan; Pamir; tien shan; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Chatkal ridge; juniper forest; snow leopard; species range; hunting; behavior; diet; reproductive activity; number; ibex; mountain sheep.; 6380; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard and its habitat within the USSR and Uzbek SSR are described. Its habitat in the Chatkal and Hissar ridges are described too. Given are data concerning alimentary biology, reproduction, and attitude to man. Female snow leopards become mature at the age of two three years, male at the age of four years. Reproduction occurs once every two years. Presumably, there are 10 animals in the country. Snow leopard is protected in four nature reserves in Uzbekistan and a number of nature reserves in neighbour countries.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals of Uzbekistan. Encyclopedic reference book. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 616 Serial 185
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Author Lesnyak A.P.
Title Cats in Uzbekistan's fur trade Type Miscellaneous
Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 57-64
Keywords (up) Uzbekistan; rare species; Cats; species range; diet; hunting; pelts; poaching; snow leopard.; 7580; Russian
Abstract Data of distribution, food, and fur trade of Felidae (North Persian leopard, snow leopard, caracal, Turkestan lynx, manul, Turkestan steppe cat, jungle cat [chaus], sand cat) in Uzbekistan is given. Snow leopard is an object of illegal hunting.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting and nature protection in Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 736 Serial 615
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