| Records |
| Author |
Barnes, L.J. |
| Title |
The Overt Illegal Fur Trade in Kathmandu, Nepal |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-17 |
Keywords  |
Nepal; illegal-trade; fur; coats; pelts; skins; browse; illegal; trade; 3160 |
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Iverness Research Associates |
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English |
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| Notes |
Unpublished report, Inverness Research Associates, P.O. Box 515, Iverness, California 94937; phone 415.669.1474 |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 139 |
Serial |
118 |
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| Author |
Ale, S.B. |
| Title |
Snow Leopard in Remote Districts of Nepal |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
xii |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Nepal; Manang; livestock; livestock-depredation; baiting; predation; villagers; herders; annapurna; retribution; conservation; management; training; tourism; browse; 4600 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
Editor |
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English |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 447 |
Serial |
54 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R.M. |
| Title |
Snow Leopards in Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
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Pages |
191-195 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; status; distribution; conservation; hunting; hunters; poaching; pelts; fur; coat; browse; 2160 |
| Abstract |
Reviews in detail occurence, status, and conservation measures related to snow leopards in Nepal. Estimates 150-300 snow leopards in Nepal. Local hunters can get 10 to 50 US dollars for a pelt |
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Document Type: English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 50 |
Serial |
477 |
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| Author |
Shrestha, B. |
| Title |
Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-35 |
| Keywords |
project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging |
| Abstract |
Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock. |
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| Notes |
Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1076 |
Serial |
887 |
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| Author |
Aristov A.A. |
| Title |
Genus Irbises Uncia Gray, 1854. Irbis or snow leopard Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1775) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
329-336 |
| Keywords |
Russia and adjacent areas; carnivores; snow leopard; taxonomy; morphology; distribution; biology.; 6050; Russian |
| Abstract |
An identification table for genus and species of mammals of Russia and adjacent areas is given. The taxonomy, morphology, distribution and life history of carnivores are described. The features of genus Uncia and species Uncia uncia, geographical variability, distribution, biology and value are described in detail. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Carnivores and Pinnipeds. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 584 |
Serial |
97 |
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| Author |
Kosharev, E.P. |
| Title |
The Northern Limit of Snow Leopard Range |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1996 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
xiv |
Issue |
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| Keywords |
Russia; Sayan; Hovsogol; siberia; range; cores; habitat; browse; 4560 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 444 |
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554 |
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| Author |
Sokolov G.A. |
| Title |
Predatory mammals of Central Siberia, status of populations, influence of anthropogenic factors |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2003 |
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329-330 |
| Keywords |
Russia; siberia; predators; status; snow leopard.; 8260; Russian |
| Abstract |
The species resources of Siberia's fauna decrease from south to north. The highest diversity of species is observed in the mountain systems, the lowest in sub-zones of south and central taiga and steppe zone, where the cat family species are absent. During the last 50 150 years number of species has decreased two- to tenfold. Imperfect hunting management, farming, and mining operations resulted in transformation of the animal habitats. Population of fox, polecat, and sable has reduced; snow leopard and dhole becoming endangered species. If current tendencies continue to develop some species will disappear in the region in decades to come. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammal fauna of Russia and adjacent areas. Materials of conference. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 804 |
Serial |
906 |
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| Author |
Koshkarev, E.P. |
| Title |
The snow leopard in Kirgizia |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1989 |
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Issue |
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Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; soviet union; soviet; union; browse; 2760; Russian |
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Ilim, Frunze |
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In Russian |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 153 |
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573 |
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| Author |
Wajrak, A. |
| Title |
Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Gazeta Wyborcza. |
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Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin |
| Abstract |
Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since. |
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Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920)
24/4/94. |
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SLN @ rana @ 268 |
Serial |
1002 |
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| Author |
Kuznetsnov, G.U.; Matyushkin, E.N. |
| Title |
The snow leopard hunts |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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11 |
Issue |
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Pages |
44-48 |
| Keywords |
Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; Tien-Shan; hunting; behavior; predator; prey; browse; soviet; union; tien; shan; 3760 |
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Describes observations of a snow leopard hunting ibex in the western Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. The hunt was unsucceseful, but the account provides information on behavior of both the snow leoaprd and ibex in a predator prey relationship |
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SLN @ rana @ 56 |
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599 |
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