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Author Wahlberg, C.; Tarkkanen, A.; Blomqvist, L.
Title Further observations on the multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) in the snow leopard, Panthers uncia Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 139-144
Keywords (up) observations; multiple; Coloboma; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; International; pedigree; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Syndrome; eye; colobomatous; retinal; Retinal-Dysplasia; dysplasia; Case; zoo; factor
Abstract The first observation of the occurrence of multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) in a snow leopard was reported in the International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Volume I in 1978 (1). The lesions in this syndrome consist of coloboma of the upper eye lid and uveal coloboma of the globe. Even colobomatous retinal cysts and retinal dysplasia have been noted. The ethiology of in all ten cases of MOC in the snow leopards kept at the Helsinki Zoo were described and discussed in detail in Volume II of the International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards (2,3). Three cases of MOC in the snow leopards kept at Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, Ne., have been described by Phillips (4), one case is known of in Amsterdam (van Bree, personal communication), and two cases in Zoo Zurich (Isenbugel and Weilenmann, pers. comm.) The ethiology of the defect is still not known although various theories ranging from genetic to exogenous factors have been presented.
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 982 Serial 1000
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Author Ming, M.
Title A diary of infrared photography Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Man & the Biosphere Abbreviated Journal
Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 26-35
Keywords (up) photography; us; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Tianshan Mountains; mountains; mountain; work; field; field survey; field-survey; survey; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Kunlun; Chinese
Abstract The vivid and interesting stories recorded by the diary which is written by the professor Ma Ming tell us specific details of surveying Snow Leopard in the Tianshan Mountains. The members of the team overcame all kinds of difficulties and dangers with persistent enthusiasm for this work, finally, satisfactorily finishing the field survey. Recently, Ma Ming just has accomplished the preliminary investigation of snow leopards in Kunlun Mountains. If you want to share the experience of the surveying, please read this diary (http://maming3211.blog.163.com).

http://space.tv.cctv.com/act/video.jsp?videoId=VIDE1230446448556286 http://maming3211.blog.163.com/blog/static/109271612008112681931339/
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Notes In Chinese Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 980 Serial 686
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Author Subbotin, A.E.; Istomov, S.V.
Title The population status of snow leopards Uncia uncia (Felidae, Carnivora) in the western Sayan Mountain Ridge Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Doklady Biologicl Sciences Abbreviated Journal
Volume 425 Issue Pages 183-186
Keywords (up) population; status; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Felidae; Carnivora; Sayan; mountain; Russian; Test; species; cat; Russia; area; range; Data; study; activity; activities; behavior; habitats; habitat; humans; Human; number; description; Animal; structure
Abstract The snow leopard (Uncia uncial Schreber, 1776) is the most poorly studied species of the cat family in the world and, in particular, in Russia, where the northern periphery of the species area (no more than 3% of it) is located in the Altai-Hangai-Sayan range [1]. It is generally known that the existing data on the Russian part of the snow leopard population have never been a result of targeted studies; at best, they have been based on recording the traces of the snow leopard vital activity [2]. This is explained by the snow leopard's elusive behavior, inaccessibility of its habitats for humans, and its naturally small total numbers in the entire species area. All published data on the population status of the snow leopard in Russia, from the first descriptions of the species [3-6] to the latest studies [7, 8] are subjective, often speculative, and are not confirmed by

quantitative estimates. It is obvious, however, that every accurate observation of this animal is of particular interest [9]. The purpose of our study was to determine the structure and size of the population group presumably inhabiting the Western Sayan mountain ridge at the northern boundary of the species area
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Publisher Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0012-4966 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Original Russian test published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 425, No.6, pp.846-849. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1005 Serial 941
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Author Dyikanova, C.
Title A public awareness outreach programme on Snow Leopards for the Kyrgyz Republic, Final Report Type Report
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-4
Keywords (up) project; awareness; local; local people; people; staff; Base; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; ecology; threats; threat; Kyrgyzstan; regional; areas; area; public; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; community
Abstract The principle goal of the project was to raise awareness of local people, staff of frontier posts,

customs and foreign military base on snow leopard, and its conservation. In the framework of the

project the following steps were to be executed:

A) To disseminate printing materials: a booklet, poster, card and calendar.

b) To publish articles on snow leopard ecology and conservation issues and threats in

Kyrgyzstan regional newspapers (Issyk-Kul, Osh, and Chui areas)

C) To hold follow-up meeting with target groups

D) To evaluate project results
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Community and Business Forum, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1066 Serial 248
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Author Jack, R.
Title DNA Testing and GPS positioning of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) genetic material in the Khunjerab National Park Northern Areas, Pakistan Type Report
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-15
Keywords (up) project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; Dna; Gps; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Khunjerab; Khunjerab-National-Park; national; national park; National-park; park; areas; area; Pakistan; protection; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; local; local people; people; information; number; range; Animals; Animal; study; distribution; management; professional; techniques; capture; use; field; country; China; border; work; art; Gis; Forest; manage; Wwf; maps; map; location; training; research; mountain
Abstract The protection of Snow Leopards in the remote and economically disadvantaged Northern Areas of Pakistan needs local people equipped with the skills to gather and present information on the number and range of individual animals in their area. It is important for the success of a conservation campaign that the people living in the area are engaged in the conservation process. Snow Leopards are elusive and range through inhospitable terrain so direct study is difficult. Consequently the major goals for this project were twofold, to gather information on snow leopard distribution in this area and to train local university students and conservation management professionals in the techniques used for locating snow leopards without the need to capture or even see the animals. This project pioneered the use of DNA testing of field samples collected in Pakistan to determine the distribution of snow leopards and to attempt to identify individuals. These were collected in and around that country's most northerly national park, the Kunjurab National Park, which sits on the Pakistan China border. Though the Northern Areas is not a well developed part of Pakistan, it does possess a number of institutions that can work together to strengthen snow leopard conservation. The first of these is a newly established University with students ready to be trained in the skills needed. Secondly WWF-Pakistan has an office in the main town and a state of the art GIS laboratory in Lahore and already works closely with the Forest Department who manage the national park. All three institutions worked together in this project with WWF providing GIS expertise, the FD rangers, and the university students carrying out the laboratory work. In addition in the course of the project the University of the Punjab in Lahore also joined the effort, providing laboratory facilities for the students. As a result of this project maps have been produced showing the location of snow leopards in

two areas. Preliminary DNA evidence indicates that there is more than one animal in this

relatively small area, but the greatest achievement of this project is the training and

experience gained by the local students. For one student this has been life changing. Due to

the opportunities provided by this study the student, Nelofar gained significant scientific

training and as a consequence she is now working as a lecturer and research officer for the

Center for Integrated Mountain Research, New Campus University of the Punjab, Lahore

Pakistan
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1067 Serial 427
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Author Aryal, A.
Title Final Report On Demography and Causes of Mortality of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve in Nepal Type Report
Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-53
Keywords (up) Report; mortality; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; Dhorpatan; hunting; reserve; Nepal; biodiversity; research; training; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; program; population; Population-Density; density; densities; change; Sex; study; area; High; poaching; Pressure; reducing; number; predators; predator; poison; wolf; wolves; canis; Canis-lupus; lupus; wild; wild boar; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; scats; scat; value; fox; cover; deer; diet; leopards; pika; snow leopards; snow-leopards; soil; Relationship
Abstract A total of 206 individual Blue sheep Pseudois nayaur were estimated in Barse and Phagune blocks of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR) and population density was 1.8 Blue sheep/sq.km. There was not significant change in population density from last 4 decades. An average 7 animals/herd (SD-5.5) were classified from twenty nine herds, sheep per herds varying from 1 to 37. Blue sheep has classified into sex ratio on an average 75 male/100females was recorded in study area. The sex ratio was slightly lower but not significantly different from the previous study. Population of Blue sheep was seen stable or not decrease even there was high poaching pressure, the reason may be reducing the number of predators by poison and poaching which has

supported to increase blue sheep population. Because of reducing the predators Wolf Canis lupus, Wild boar population was increasing drastically in high rate and we can observed wild boar above the tree line of DHR. The frequency of occurrence of different prey species in scats of different predators shows that, excluding zero values, the frequencies of different prey species were no significantly different (ö2= 10.3, df = 49, p > 0.05). Most of the scats samples (74%) of Snow leopard, Wolf, Common Leopard, Red fox's cover one prey species while two and three species were present in 18% and 8%, respectively. Barking deer Muntiacus muntjak was the most frequent (18%) of total diet composition of common leopards. Pika Ochotona roylei was the most frequent (28%), and Blue sheep was in second position for diet of snow leopards which cover 21% of total diet composition. 13% of diet covered non-food item such as soil, stones, and vegetable. Pika was most frequent on Wolf and Red fox diet which covered 32% and 30% respectively. There was good positive relationship between the scat density and Blue sheep consumption rate, increasing the scat density, increasing the Blue sheep consumption rate. Blue sheep preference by different predators such as Snow leopard, Common leopard, Wolf and Red fox were 20%, 6%, 13% and 2% of total prey species respectively.
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Notes The Biodiversity Research and Training Forum (BRTF) Nepal. Email: savefauna@yahoo.com Submitted to Snow Leopard Conservation Grants Program, USA. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1064 Serial 104
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Author Farrington, J.
Title A Report on Protected Areas, Biodiversity, and Conservation in the Kyrgyzstan Tian Shan with Brief Notes on the Kyrgyzstan Pamir-Alai and the Tian Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and China Type Book Whole
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-276
Keywords (up) Report; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; biodiversity; conservation; Kyrgyzstan; Tian; Tian-Shan; shan; Pamir-Alai; mountains; mountain; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China; environmental; study; former; soviet; central; Central Asia; asia; land; Forest; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; Chinese; range; republic; wildlife; International; research; land-use; land use; recent; inner; project; ecological; Middle; Middle Asia; Organization; awareness; region; preserve; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; potential; community; Biodiversity conservation; Xinjiang; information; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; protection; flora; fauna; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; endemic; plants; plant; history; Southern; survey; protect; river; heart
Abstract Kyrgyzstan is a land of towering mountains, glaciers, rushing streams, wildflowercovered meadows, forests, snow leopards, soaring eagles, and yurt-dwelling nomads. The entire nation lies astride the Tian Shan1, Chinese for “Heavenly Mountains”, one of the world's highest mountain ranges, which is 7439 m (24,400 ft) in elevation at its highest point. The nation is the second smallest of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. In

spite of Kyrgyzstan's diverse wildlife and stunning natural beauty, the nation remains little known, and, as yet, still on the frontier of international conservation efforts. The following report is the product of 12 months of research into the state of conservation and land-use in Kyrgyzstan. This effort was funded by the Fulbright Commission of the U.S. State Department, and represents the most recent findings of the author's personal environmental journey through Inner Asia, which began in 1999. When I first started my preliminary research for this project, I was extremely surprised to learn that, even though the Tian Shan Range has tremendous ecological significance for conservation efforts in middle Asia, there wasn't a single major international conservation organization with an office in the former Soviet Central Asian republics. Even more surprising was how little awareness there is of conservation issues in the Tian Shan region amongst conservation workers in neighboring areas who are attempting to preserve similar species assemblages and ecosystems to those found in the Tian Shan. Given this lack of awareness, and the great potential for the international community to make a positive contribution towards improving the current state of biodiversity conservation in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia, I have summarized my findings on protected areas and conservation in Kyrgyzstan and the Tian Shan of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang in the chapters below. The report begins with some brief background information on geography and society in the Kyrgyz Republic, followed by an overview of biodiversity and the state of conservation in the nation, which at the present time closely parallels the state of conservation in the other former Soviet Central Asian republics. Part IV of the report provides a catalog of all major protected areas in Kyrgyzstan and the other Tian Shan nations, followed by a list of sites in Kyrgyzstan that are as yet unprotected but merit protection. In the appendices the reader will find fairly comprehensive species lists of flora and fauna found in the Kyrgyz Republic, including lists of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, trees and shrubs, wildflowers, and endemic plants. In addition, a

draft paper on the history and current practice of pastoral nomadism in Kyrgyzstan has been included in Appendix A. While the research emphasis for this study was on eastern Kyrgyzstan, over the course of the study the author did have the opportunity to make brief journeys to southern Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang. While falling short of being a definitive survey of protected areas of the Tian Shan, the informational review which

follows is the first attempt at bringing the details of conservation efforts throughout the entire Tian Shan Range together in one place. It is hoped that this summary of biodiversity and conservation in the Tian Shan will generate interest in the region amongst conservationists, and help increase efforts to protect this surprisingly unknown range that forms an island of meadows, rivers, lakes, and forests in the arid heart of Asia.
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Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Kyrgyzstan Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Fulbright Fellow – Environmental Studies, Kyrgyzstan, Former Soviet Central Asia 2003-2004 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1060 Serial 269
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Author Jackson, R.; Wangchuk, R.
Title A Community-Based Approach to Mitigating Livestock Depredation by Snow Leopards Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Human Dimensions of Wildlife Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue Pages 307-315
Keywords (up) snow leopard,depredation,human-wildlife conflict,participatory planning,India; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Himalayan; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; attack; sheep; goats; goat; local; villagers; community-based; conservation; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; India; conflict; pens; income; participatory; strategy; planning; sense; project; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; protection; retaliatory; poaching
Abstract Livestock depredation by the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an increasingly contentious issue in Himalayan villages, especially in or near protected areas. Mass attacks in which as many as 100 sheep and goats are killed in a single incident inevitably result in retaliation by local villagers. This article describes a community-based conservation initiative to address this problem in Hemis National Park, India. Human-wildlife conflict is alleviated by predator-proofing villagers' nighttime livestock pens and by enhancing household incomes in environmentally sensitive and culturally compatible ways. The authors have found that the highly participatory strategy described here (Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action-APPA) leads to a sense of project ownership by local stakeholders, communal empowerment, self-reliance, and willingness to co-exist with

snow leopards. The most significant conservation outcome of this process is the protection from retaliatory poaching of up to five snow leopards for every village's livestock pens that are made predator-proof.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 890 Serial 471
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Author Xu, G.,MaMing, R.,Buzzard, P.,Blank, D.
Title Nature reserve in Xingjiang: a snow leopard paradise or refuge for how long? Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Selevinia Abbreviated Journal
Volume 22 Issue Pages 144-149
Keywords (up) Snow Leopards
Abstract The snow leopard Uncia uncia is an endangered species, which is widely but thinly

distributed throughout its range in the mountains of Central Asia. China contains as

much as 60% of the snow leopard’s potential habitat and has the largest population

of this species. Xinjiang is the largest province in China, covering an area of 1.66

million km² or about one-sixth of the land area of China. Xinjiang is one of the

most important areas for snow leopards with much potential habitat in mountain

ranges such as the north and south Tienshan and Kunlun containing almost 30% of the

world’s snow leopard population. By the end of 2013, total 35 natural reserves have

been established in Xinjiang, and 20 of these areas have snow leopards (Ma et al,

2013). In this paper, we report on the status of snow leopards in these protected

areas and show that they play an important role in protecting snow leopards and

their habitats. Then, we discuss the many problems and challenges faced by these

protected areas.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1423
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Author Ming, M. Feng, Xu. Yun, Cheng et al.
Title Snow Leopards in Xinjiang Type Book Whole
Year 2013 Publication Science Press Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-588
Keywords (up) Snow Leopards, China
Abstract The snow leopard Uncia uncia is a globally endangered species, occurring in China and 11

neighboring countries, with a total population of 3500-7000 individuals. China is very important

for Snow Leopards, as it contains both the more than half of the distribution area and the largest

remaining population. However, like other big cats, the density is very low, perhaps less than 1

individual per 100 square kilometers in the western mountains of China. This book first reviewed

ten years of research by Xinjiang Snow Leopard Team (XSLT), and it contains over 300 figures

including maps, illustrations, pictures and photos, 46 tables as well as more than a thousand

references and 1100 key words in the index.

In the past ten years, XSLT has received much support and funding from the Snow Leopard

Trust (SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). In this regard, the Chinese government

has not yet given one cent to support the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Project. Our situation is very

difficult indeed, and it is hoped that this book will inspire future government support.

There are many topics discussed in this work including a decade of successes or failures with

the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS from 2002 to 2012). The authors also present findings

from every International Snow Leopard Conference (1978-2008), the stories of 14 experts, the big

events of conservation and research (1776-2012), and many questions for future research in the

appendix. This is the first work about snow leopards in China. It is a popular scientific book that

covers snow leopard monitoring, research, conservation and management, and it could also be

very helpful to nature reserve staff and scientists as well as students, teachers, outdoor explorers,

volunteers and cat lovers.

The book contains the following: preface, table of contents (in English), and chapters on the

ancient records of snow leopards; their place in the family of big cats; research methods and field

logs for snow leopards; their population size and distribution in China; biological knowledge,

conservation and management of snow leopards; their presence in zoos; Nature Reserves in

Xinjiang, the experiences of snow leopard conservation in other countries; appendix; index; and

afterword (ISBN 978-7-03-036723-5, the book was published in March 2013 with total of 616

pages and approximately 0.77 million Chinese words, price: RMB 145.00 Yuan).
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1391
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