| Records |
| Author |
Geits, A.V., Makarov, O.A. |
| Title |
About the distribution of the snow leopard in the Altai |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Rare Types of Mammals and Their Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
115-116 |
Keywords  |
snow leopard, Altai |
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Editor |
Sokolov, V.E. |
| Language |
English |
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| Notes |
Translation |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1265 |
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| Author |
Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S. P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C. M. S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V., Ostrowski, S. |
| Title |
Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Global Ecology & Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
e02350 |
Pages |
1-13 |
| Keywords |
Snow leopard, Artificial intelligence, Camera trap misclassification, individual ID, HotSpotter |
| Abstract |
Camera trapping is the most widely used data collection method for estimating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) abundance; however, the accuracy of this method is limited by human observer errors from misclassifying individuals in camera trap images. We evaluated the extent Whiskerbook (www.whiskerbook.org), an artificial intelligence (AI) software, could reduce this error rate and enhance the accuracy of capture-recapture abundance estimates. Using 439 images of 34 captive snow leopard individuals, classification was performed by five observers with prior experience in individual snow leopard ID (“experts”) and five observers with no such experience (“novices”). The “expert” observers classified 35 out of 34 snow leopard individuals, on average erroneously splitting one individual into two, thus resulting in a higher number than true individuals. The success rate of experts was 90 %, with less than a 3 % error in estimating the population size in capture-recapture modeling. However, the “novice” observers successfully matched 71 % of encounters, recognizing 25 out of 34 individuals, underestimating the population by 25 %. It was found that expert observers significantly outperformed novice observers, making statistically fewer errors (Mann Whitney U test P = 0.01) and finding the true number of individuals (P = 0.01). These differences were contrasted with a previous study by Johansson et al. 2020, using the same subset of 16 individuals from European zoos. With the help of AI and the Whiskerbook platform, “experts” were able to match 87 % of encounters and identify 15 out of 16 individuals, with modeled estimates of 16 ± 1 individuals. In contrast, “novices” were 63 % accurate in matching encounters and identified 12 out of 16 individuals, modeling 12 ± 1 individuals that underestimated the population size by 12 %. When comparing the performance of observers using AI and the Whiskerbook platform to observers performing the tasks manually, we found that observers using Whiskerbook made significantly fewer errors in splitting one individual into two (P = 0.04). However, there were also a significantly higher number of combination errors, where two individuals were combined into one (P = 0.01). Specifically, combination errors were found to be made by “novices” (P = 0.04). Although AI benefited both expert and novice observers, expert observers outperformed novices. Our results suggest that AI effectively reduced the misclassification of individual snow leopards in camera trap studies, improving abundance estimates. However, even with AI support, expert observers were needed to obtain the most accurate estimates. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1715 |
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| Author |
Fox, J.L. |
| Title |
An Annotated Bibliography of Literature on the Snow Leopard |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
June |
Pages |
1-57 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, bibliography |
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English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1202 |
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| Author |
Sharma, R. |
| Title |
Of Men and Mountain Ghosts: Glimpses from the Rooftop of the World |
Type |
Magazine Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
GEO |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
56-67 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, camera trap, Spiti, India, Sharma |
| Abstract |
Catching a glimpse of a snow leopard is a rare and exciting event for anyone. For researchers, hideen camera traps have become a vital tool in their work. |
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| Publisher |
GEO International |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
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English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1139 |
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| Author |
Rode, J., Lambert, C., Marescot, L., Chaix, B., Beesau, J., Bastian, S., Kyrbashev, J., Cabanat, A.L. |
| Title |
Population monitoring of snow leopards using camera trapping in Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, between 2016 and 2019 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Ecology and Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
e01850 |
Pages |
1-6 |
| Keywords |
Snow leopard, camera trapping, Citizen science, Kyrgyzstan |
| Abstract |
Four field seasons of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) camera trapping inside Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, performed thanks to citizen science expeditions, allowed detecting a minimal population of five adults, caught every year with an equilibrated sex ratio (1.5:1) and reproduction: five cubs or subadults have been identified from three litters of two different females. Crossings were observed one to three times a year, in front of most camera traps, and several times a month in front of one of them. Overlap of adults’ minimal territories was observed in front of several camera traps, regardless of their sex. Significant snow leopard presence was detected in the buffer area and at Ulan area which is situated at the reserve border. To avoid poaching on this apex predator and its preys, extending the more stringent protection measures of the core zone to both the Southern buffer area and land adjacent to Ulan is recommended. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1660 |
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| Author |
Marwell Zoological Society |
| Title |
The Marwell Zoological Society |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Marwell Zoological Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
9-10 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, captive |
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English |
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| Notes |
new exhibit construction |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1205 |
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| Author |
Bircher, P. |
| Title |
Marwell Pres. Trust Annual Report 1979: Curator's Report |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Marwell Pres. Trust Annual Report |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
5-6 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, captive |
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English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1206 |
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| Author |
Bower, J.N. |
| Title |
For some endangered species, captive breeding programs are their last chance for life |
Type |
Magazine Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
National Parks and Conservation Magazine |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
June |
Pages |
16-19 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard, captive breeding |
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English |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1209 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
She's all washed up |
Type |
Newspaper Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
New York Daily News |
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1 January |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
snow leopard, captive, Bronx Zoo, New York |
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Photograph |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1208 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
A rare snow leopard surgery |
Type |
Newspaper Article |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Seattle Post Intelligencer |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
11 September |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
snow leopard, captive, cancer |
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English |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1207 |
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