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Isenbugel, E., & Weilenmann, P. (1985). Colobomes of the Eyelid in an Ounce T (UNCIA-UNCIA, SCHREBER 1775) from the Zurich-Zoological-Garden. Praktische Tierarzt, 66(1), 61–62.
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Munson, L., & Worley, M. B. (1991). Veno-occlusive disease in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) from zoological parks. Vet Pathol, 28(1), 37–45.
Abstract: Livers from 54 snow leopards, 4 days to 23 years old, that had died in 23 US zoos, were evaluated histopathologically to determine if the hepatic fibrosis, which has been noted to be prevalent in this species, was due to chronic active hepatitis from hepadnaviral infection, Ito cell proliferation, or hemosiderosis. Forty-two of 54 snow leopards had subintimal vascular fibrosis with partial or total occlusion of central and sublobular veins (veno-occlusive disease) of unknown origin. All 21 leopards older than 5 years were affected. Four leopards had chronic active hepatitis, and 12 leopards had cholangiohepatitis; but these lesions were not connected anatomically to central and sublobular venous fibrosis. Hepatocellular and Kupffer cell siderosis and Ito cell proliferation were prevalent and often coexisted with perisinusoidal, central, and sublobular venous fibrosis; but fibrosis was present in leopards without siderosis or Ito cell proliferation. The pattern and prevalence of veno-occlusive disease in these leopards was similar to that reported in captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), suggesting that a common extrinsic factor may cause the majority of hepatic disease in these large felid animals in captivity.
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Jizhong, Z. (1994). A preliminary study on the care and breeding of snow leopard in Jinan Zoo, China. In J.L.Fox, & D.Jizeng (Eds.), (pp. 163–165). Usa: Islt.
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Worley, M. B. (1982). Hypogammaglobulinemia in snow leopards. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 (Vol. 3, pp. 129–130). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Worley, M. B. (1982). Chronic liver disease in snow leopards: A possible viral etiology. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 (Vol. 3, pp. 131–133). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Doherty, J., & Wharton, D. (1988). Breeding Management of the Snow Leopard at the New York Zoological Park. In H.Freeman (Ed.), (pp. 173–179). India: International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India.
Abstract: Since 1996, the Bronx Zoo has produced 48 snow leopard cubs. Some of the cubs born in the last several years are the great-great grandchildren of the Bronx male Sherpa born in 1966. These five generations have all been bred and reared in the Zoological Park's Lion House which opened in 1903......Instead we will focus primarily on mangement and manipulation for cub production.
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Wharton, D., & Mainka, S. A. (1997). Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia. International Zoo Yearbook, 35, 139–147.
Abstract: The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given.
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Begg, T. (1978). Nutritional bone disease in the snow leopard. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 (Vol. 1, pp. 104–107). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Martin, C. L., Stiles, J., & Willis, M. (1997). Feline colobomatous syndrome. Veterinary-and-Comparative-Ophthalmology, 7(1), 39–43.
Abstract: A syndrome of multiple congenital ocular anomalies in a litter of domestic kittens is described which appears identical to the multiple colobomatous syndrome described in captive Snow Leopards. The lesions varied between kittens in the litter, but ranged from microphthalmos with blindness to mild alterations in the lateral lid margins that resulted in trichiasis. The syndrome of eyelid agenesis in the domestic cat may encompass a broad range of congenital ocular lesions and multiple siblings, but the cause and mechanism of lesion formation is unknown.
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Isenbugel, E., & Weilemann P. (1988). Treatment of Bladder Diverticulum and Ascites in a Female Snow Leopard. In H.Freeman (Ed.), (pp. 171–172). India: International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India.
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