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Author Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. url 
  Title Comparative Aspects of Steroid Hormone Metabolism and Ovarian Activity in Felids, Measured Noninvasively in Feces Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biol Reprod Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 776-786  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carbon; Radioisotopes; Carnivora; Cats; Chromatography; High; Pressure; Liquid; Comparative Study; Estradiol; metabolism; Estrone; feces; chemistry; Female; Ovary; physiology; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pseudopregnancy; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; government; gov't; us; 170  
  Abstract Noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14C]estradiol (E2) and [14C]progesterone (P4) were determined. Within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered E2 and P4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. E2 was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme- hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). P4 was excreted primarily as non-enzyme- hydrolyzable, conjugated metabolites (78%) and as unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. A simple method for extracting fecal steroid metabolites optimized extraction efficiencies of the E2 and P4 excretion products (90.1 +/- 0.8% and 87.2 +/- 1.4%, respectively). Analysis of HPLC fractions of extracted fecal samples from the radiolabel-injected domestic cats revealed that E2 immunoreactivity coincided primarily with the unconjugated metabolized [14C]E2 peak, whereas progestogen immunoreactivity coincided with a single conjugated epimer and multiple unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. After HPLC separation, similar immunoreactive E2 and P4 metabolite profiles were observed in the leopard cat (F. bengalensis), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that changes in fecal E2 and P4 metabolite concentrations reflected natural or artificially induced ovarian activity. For example, severalfold increases in E2 excretion were associated with overt estrus or exogenous gonadotropin treatment, and elevated fecal P4 metabolite concentrations occurred during pregnant and nonpregnant (pseudopregnant) luteal phases. Although overall concentrations were similar, the duration of elevated fecal P4 metabolites during pseudopregnancy was approximately half that observed during pregnancy. In summary, steroid metabolism mechanisms appear to be conserved among these physically diverse, taxonomically related species. Results indicate that this hormone-monitoring approach will be extremely useful for elucidating the hormonal regulatory mechanism associated with the reproductive cycle, pregnancy, and parturition of intractable and endangered felid species.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-3363 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 251 Serial 198  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Roth, T.L.; Armstrong, D.L.; Barrie, M.T.; Wildt, D.E. url 
  Title Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Reprod Fertil Dev Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 285-295  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; Blood; physiology; Estradiol; Female; Gonadotropins; administration; dosage; pharmacology; Chorionic; Equine; Human; Insemination; artificial; methods; veterinary; Laparoscopy; Male; Oocytes; cytology; Ovary; drug; effects; Ovulation; Induction; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Seasons; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 400  
  Abstract Ovaries of the seasonally-breeding snow leopard (Uncia uncia) were examined to determine whether they were responsive to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. The potential of laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) also was assessed for producing offspring. During the non-breeding, pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons, females (n = 20) were treated with a standardized, dual- hormone regimen given intramuscularly (600 I.U. of equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed 80-84 h later with 300 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)). Laparoscopy was performed 45-50 h after administration of hCG, and all ovarian structures were described. Females with fresh corpora lutea (CL) were inseminated, and anovulatory females were subjected to follicular aspiration to examine oocyte quality. Snow leopards responded to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. Mean number of total ovarian structures (distinct follicles mature in appearance plus CL) did not differ (P > or = 0.05) with season, but the proportion of CL: total ovarian structures was greater (P < 0.01) for the breeding season compared with all other seasons. The proportion of females ovulating was greater (P < 0.05) during the breeding and post-breeding seasons than during the pre-breeding and non- breeding seasons respectively. No Grade-1 quality oocytes were recovered from follicles of anovulatory females. Serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta appeared elevated in all females, and neither oestradiol-17 beta concentrations nor progesterone concentrations differed (P > or = 0.05) among seasons. Of 15 females artificially inseminated, the only one that was inseminated in the non-breeding season became pregnant and delivered a single cub. This is the first successful pregnancy resulting from AI in this endangered species.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1031-3613 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 325 Serial 830  
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Author Hast, M.H. url 
  Title The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication J Anat Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 163 Issue Pages 117-121  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; Cats; Comparative; study; Female; Larynx; physiology; Lions; Male; Vocal; Cords; vocalization; browse; 260  
  Abstract Dissections were made of the larynges of 14 species of the cat family, with representative specimens from all genera. It was found that the vocal folds of the larynx of genus Panthera (with the exception of the snow leopard) form the basic structure of a sound generator well- designed to produce a high acoustical energy. Combined with an efficient sound radiator (vocal tract) that can be adjusted in length, a Panthera can use its vocal instrument literally to blow its own horn with a 'roar'. Also, it is proposed that laryngeal morphology can be used as an anatomical character in mammalian taxonomy.  
  Address  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-8782 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 143 Serial 374  
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Author Johnston, L.A.; Donoghue, A.M.; O'Brien, S.J.; Wildt, D.E. url 
  Title Rescue and maturation in vitro of follicular oocytes collected from nondomestic felid species Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Biol Reprod Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 898-906  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; physiology; Cells; Cultured; Female; Fertilization; Vitro; inVitro; Male; Oocytes; cytology; growth; development; ovarian; Follicle; Spermatozoa; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 230  
  Abstract The potential for rescuing immature oocytes from the ovaries of females of rare felid species which die or undergo medical ovariohysterectomy was evaluated. Ovaries were recovered from 13 species representing 35 individuals in good-to-poor health. Although the majority of females were 10 yr of age or older and in fair-to-poor health, a total of 846 oocytes were recovered of which 608 (71.9%) were classified as fair-to- excellent quality. One hundred of these oocytes were used for initial maturation classification and as parthogenetic controls. Overall, of the 508 fair-to-excellent quality oocytes placed in culture, 164 (32.3%) matured to metaphase II in vitro. For species in which 3 or more individuals yielded oocytes, mean oocyte maturation rates were as follows: 36.2%, tiger; 27.9% leopard; and 8.3%, cheetah. In vitro insemination of oocytes resulted in fertilization (2 polar bodies, 2 pronuclei, or cleavage) rates of 9.1% to 28.6% (leopard) using homologous fresh spermatozoa and 4.0% (lion) to 40.0% (puma) using homologous frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Inseminations using heterologous (domestic cat) spermatozoa also resulted in fertilized oocytes in the tiger, leopard, snow leopard, puma, serval, and Geoffroy's cat (range in fertilization rate, 5.0% for leopard to 46.2% for puma). Cleaved embryos resulted from the insemination of leopard oocytes with homologous sperm (n = 1 embryo) and puma oocytes with domestic cat sperm (n = 3 embryos). These results demonstrate that immature ovarian oocytes from rare felid species can be stimulated to mature in vitro despite an excision-to-culture interval as long as 36 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-3363 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 172 Serial 503  
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Author Karesh, W.B.; Kunz, L.L. url 
  Title Bilateral testicular seminoma in a snow leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication J Am Vet Med Assoc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 189 Issue 9 Pages 1201  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; Case Report; Dysgerminoma; pathology; veterinary; Male; Testicular; neoplasms; Testis; browse; 300  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 98 Serial 514  
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Author Schaffer, E.; Wiesner, H.; Von Hegel, G. url 
  Title Multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) with persistent pupillary membrane in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Tierarztl Prax Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 87-91  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; Case; Report; Coloboma; etiology; pathology; veterinary; Comparative; study; Eyelids; abnormalities; Male; Optic; Nerve; Syndrome; browse; 270; german  
  Abstract In a litter of three snow leopards, bilateral colobomata of the upper temporal eyelids, bilateral persistent pupillary membranes and a unilateral coloboma of the optic nerve entrance are described as “Multiple Ocular Colobomata” (MOC). The causal pathogenesis of each of the colobomata is discussed comparatively. The colobomata of the eyelids, essential feature of the MOC syndrome in snow leopards, are most probably not of hereditary, but rather of intrauterine infectious viral origin.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0303-6286 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: German Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 112 Serial 851  
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Author Mainka, S.A. url 
  Title Bilateral separation of the olecranon and proximal epiphysis from the ulnar diaphysis in a snow leopard cub Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication J Am Vet Med Assoc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 189 Issue 9 Pages 1204-1205  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; injuries; Case-Report; Epiphyses; Forelimb; Male; Ulna; browse; 290  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 97 Serial 636  
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Author Roth, T.L.; Howard, J.G.; Donoghue, A.M.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E. url 
  Title Function and culture requirements of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) spermatozoa in vitro Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 101 Issue 3 Pages 563-569  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Cell; survival; Cells; Cultured; Comparative; study; Culture; Media; Female; Male; Pentoxifylline; Sperm; Motility; Ovum; Interactions; Spermatozoa; cytology; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 190  
  Abstract Electroejaculates from eight snow leopards were used to determine how the motility of spermatozoa was influenced by (i) type of media (Ham's F10, PBS, human tubal fluid or RPMI-1640); (ii) holding temperature (23 degrees C versus 37 degrees C); (iii) washing of spermatozoa and (iv) a sperm metabolic enhancer, pentoxifylline. The duration of sperm motility was assessed by evaluating samples in each treatment every hour for 6 h and a sperm motility index (a value combining percentage sperm motility and rate of forward progression) calculated. Spermatozoa from the Ham's F10, PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline treatments were also co-incubated with zona-intact, domestic cat eggs that were fixed and evaluated for spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida, penetrating the outer and inner layers of the zona pellucida and within the perivitelline space. During the 6 h co-incubation, the sperm motility index in PBS with pentoxifylline was greater (P < 0.05) than in PBS alone which, in turn, was greater (P < 0.05) than in the other three test media. Washing the spermatozoa enhanced (P < 0.05) motility in both PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline relative to unwashed samples, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of holding temperature. Pentoxifylline supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the proportion of cat eggs with bound, but not penetrated, snow leopard spermatozoa in the inner layer of the zona pellucida, and there were no spermatozoa in the perivitelline space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 253 Serial 828  
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Author Johnston, L.A.; Armstrong, D.L.; Brown, J.L. url 
  Title Seasonal effects on seminal and endocrine traits in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 102 Issue 1 Pages 229-236  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Comparative; study; Fsh; Blood; Gonadotropins; Pituitary; Lh; Male; Seasons; Semen; Sperm; Motility; Spermatozoa; cytology; Testosterone; browse; 180  
  Abstract The annual reproductive cycle of the male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was characterized by evaluating seminal and endocrine traits monthly. Testicular volume was greatest (P < 0.05) during the winter months when the quality of ejaculate was optimal. Ejaculate volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate, sperm morphology and sperm motility index were lowest during the summer and autumn months compared with the winter and spring. Peripheral LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were also lowest during the summer months, increasing during the autumn just before the increase in semen quality, and were maximal during the winter months. There was a direct relationship (P < 0.01) between: (1) testosterone and testicular volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate and ejaculate volume, and (2) LH and testicular volume and motile sperm concentration per ejaculate. In summary, although spermatozoa were recovered throughout the year, optimal gamete quality was observed during the winter and spring. Although previous studies in felids have demonstrated seasonal effects on either seminal or endocrine traits, this is the first study to demonstrate a distinct effect of season on both pituitary and testicular function.  
  Address  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 252 Serial 504  
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Author Paul, H.A.; Bargar, W.L.; Leininger, R. url 
  Title Total hip replacement in a snow leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication J Am Vet Med Assoc Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 187 Issue 11 Pages 1262-1263  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Carnivora; surgery; Case; Report; Hip; Dislocation; veterinary; Prosthesis; Male; browse; 310  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 82 Serial 760  
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Author Gosselin, S.J.; Loudy, D.L.; Tarr, M.J.; Balistreri, W.F.; Setchell, K.D.; Johnston, J.O.; Kramer, L.W.; Dresser, B.L. url 
  Title Veno-occlusive disease of the liver in captive cheetah Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Vet Pathol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 48-57  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Feed; analysis; Carnivora; Cheetahs; Female; Hepatic; Veno; Occlusive; Disease; pathology; veterinary; Histocytochemistry; Liver; ultrastructure; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; Vitamin A; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 280  
  Abstract Liver tissues from 126 captive cheetah were evaluated by light microscopy and histochemistry; eight animals were evaluated by electron microscopy. The main hepatic lesion, a vascular lesion resembling veno- occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver and characterized by subendothelial fibrosis and proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells in the central veins, was seen in 60% of the sexually mature cheetah. Although this hepatic vascular lesion was seen in cheetah as young as 1 year of age, the most severe lesions, usually associated with liver failure, were found in cheetah between the ages of 6 and 11. There was no sex predisposition, and in approximately 40% of the VOD cases, liver disease was not suspected clinically or at necropsy. VOD was found in other felidae, especially in the snow leopard. High levels of vitamin A in livers, as well as in diets of the cheetah, could be a contributing factor in the development of VOD in some groups of cheetah.  
  Address  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0300-9858 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: Eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 127 Serial 339  
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Author Macdonald, A.A.; Johnstone, M. url 
  Title Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae) Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication J Anat Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 186 ( Pt 2) Issue Pages 235-243  
  Keywords (up) Animal; Newborn; Bears: anatomy & histology; Carnivora: anatomy & histology: embryology; Cats: anatomy & histology; Dogs: anatomy & histology; Heart Septum: anatomy & histology: embryology; Support,Non-U.S.Gov't; bear; anatomy; histology; Carnivora; embryology; Cats; cat; bears; Dog; Dogs; heart; septum; browse; non; gov't; us; government; 160  
  Abstract The structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae and Hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. The Felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (Felis catus), 2 snow leopard neonates (Uncia uncia), an ocelot neonate (Leopardus pardalis), 2 lion neonates (Panthera leo), a panther neonate (Panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (Neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a neonate. The Canidae were represented by a golden jackal neonate (Canis aureus), a newborn wolf (Canis lupus), 8 domestic dog fetuses (Canis familiaris), 3 red fox neonates (Vulpes vulpes) and a dhole neonate (Cuon alpinus). The Ursidae were represented by a brown bear neonate (Ursus arctos), a day-old grizzly bear cub (Ursus arctos horribilis), a polar bear neonate (Ursus maritimus), and 2 additional bear fetuses (species unknown). The Hyaenidae were represented by a striped hyaena neonate (Hyaena hyaena). In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava, had the appearance of a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the embryonic septum primum, extended from the distal end of the caudal vena cava for a variable distance into the lumen of the left atrium and contributed towards the 'tunnel' appearance in all specimens. It constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was straight-edged. There was fibrous material underlying the endothelium of the flap, the apparent morphology of which suggested that it comprised cardiac muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-8782 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 269 Serial 632  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title The ecology and conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Book Whole
  Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up) annapurna; conservation; area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; ecology; Nepal; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; potected-area; protected; browse; 2390  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher University of Edinburgh, Scotland. Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Phil. thesis Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 183 Serial 742  
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title Snow Leopard News Spring 2001 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2001 Publication Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up) Annual-Appeals-Fund; conservation-programs; populations; Kyrgyz-Republic; Soviet-Union; China; India; Mongolia; Pakistan; Charudutt; incentive; Woodland-Park-Zoo; cub; Death; veterinary; medicine; Bayarjargal; raffle; Dorothy-McLean; volunteers; poaching; hunting; pelts; furs; bones; herders; killing; livestock; browse; 4360  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Programs to Expand Thanks to Annual Appeal Funds2.Zoo and ISLT Mark Passing of Snow Leopard Cub3.Irbis Enterprises National Coordinator Visits Seattle4.A Raffle for the Snow Leopard5.Stock Gifts to ISLT6.ISLT Wants You7.Situation Worsens in Kyrgyz Republic8.ISLT Wish List Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 424 Serial 934  
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Author Wack, R.F.; Kramer, L.W.   
  Title Multifocal osteomyelitis in a young snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 553-563  
  Keywords (up) Antibacterial-Drug; Case-Study; diagnosis; Enrofloxacin; Pathophysiology; snow-leopard; veterinary; medical; osteomyelitis; snow leopard; antibacterial; drug; Case; study; snow; leopard; browse; 1370  
  Abstract A 5-mo-old male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was presented for mild rear leg lameness. Osteomyelitis was suspected on the basis of radiographic changes and confirmed by histopathology of a biopsy sample from the affected bone. Aerobic cultures of the biopsies repeatedly grew Klebsiella oxytoca. Repeated anaerobic and fungal cultures did not result in growth. The leopard was treated unsuccessfully with cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine despite apparent in vitro sensitivity to these antibiotics. Successful resolution was eventually achieved with enrofloxacin, 7.5 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. for 60 days. The number of bones involved (right humerus, right and left ulna, right and left radius, right and left femur, right and left tibia, mandible, right metatarsus) made this an unusual presentation of osteomyelitis.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 277 Serial 997  
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Author Clyde, V.L.; Ramsay, E.C.; Bemis, D.A. url 
  Title Fecal shedding of Salmonella in exotic felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication J.Zoo Wildl.Med Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 148-152  
  Keywords (up) antibiotics; captive-animal-care; diarrhea; endangered; threatened-species; handling-methods; mammals parasites; Diseases; salmonella; zoos; snow-leopard; leopard; salmonellosis; husbandry; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; mammals; parasites; snow; browse; 1320  
  Abstract The authors discuss the occurrence of salmonellosis in collections of exotic felids. Data suggest that zoo employees having contact with cat feces or raw diets have a high rate of occupational exposure to Salmonella and should exercise appropriate hygienic precautions. pcp  
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  Notes Milwaukee Cty. Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53226 Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 304 Serial 227  
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Author Hillard, D. url 
  Title Launching a snow leopard study in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 8-9  
  Keywords (up) area; areas; browse; parks; protected; protected-area; protected area; protected areas; Qomolangma; refuge; research; reserve  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 199 Serial 384  
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Author Fox, J.L.; Nurbu, C.; Chundawat, R.S. url 
  Title Tibetian Argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni) Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Mammalia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 48-51  
  Keywords (up) argali; predator; prey; Tibet; browse; 1910  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 181 Serial 299  
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Author Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. url 
  Title Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 223-237  
  Keywords (up) Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390  
  Abstract An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 279 Serial 345  
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Author Green, M.J.B. url 
  Title Protecting the mountains of Central Asia and their snow leopard populations Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 223-239  
  Keywords (up) asia; conservation; distribution; status; habitat; predator; prey; herders; herder; livestock; management; protected- area; parks; park; reserve; refuge; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; gansu; Qinghai; Sichuan; India; Sikkim; Nepal; Pakistan; Ussr; Russia; Soviet-Union; Kazakhstan; Kirghizia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; protected-area; kazakstan; Kirgizia; browse; protected; area; soviet; union; 2060  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and Chicago Zoological Society Place of Publication Editor J.L.Fox; Du Jizeng  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. Place of Meeting: Xining, Qinghai, ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 218 Serial 350  
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Author Cunha, S.F. url 
  Title Hunting of Rare and Endangered Fauna in the Mountains of Post-Soviet Central Asia Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 110-120  
  Keywords (up) asia; hunting; poaching; bones; pelts; pelt; teeth; fur; coat; conservation; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Pamir; Tien-Shan; parks; protected-areas; refuge; reserves; browse; soviet; union; protected; 2830  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad  
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  Notes full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 212 Serial 229  
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Author Fox, J.L.   
  Title Conflict between predators and people in Ladakh Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 17 Issue Pages 18  
  Keywords (up) asia; India; behavior; endangered; threatened-species; mammals; management; predation; public relations; reserves; refuges; parks; wildlife; human-relationships; livestock; sheep; goats; prey; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; protected-area; Hemis; browse; Islt; International; snow; leopard; trust; public; Relations; Human; relationships; protected; 640  
  Abstract During a six-week period in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, snow leopards killed 10 sheep and goats and one leopard gained access to a livestock pen and killed many of the animals inside. Dholes also killed sheep and goats, and a wolf killed a young horse. Residents routinely remove snow leopard cubs from their dens to limit future damage by this species. How to deal with the plight of the people living in the area while still protecting the endangered species are major concerns of the International Snow Leopard Trust, which manages Hemis National Park. lgh.  
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  Notes AUTHOR ADDRESS: Dep. Ecol./Zool., IBG Univ. Tromso, Tromso, Norway, ORIGINAL SOURCE: Snow Leopard News, Autumn 1997 Document Type: English Call Number: WR99-007446 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 309 Serial 310  
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Author Hunter, D.   
  Title Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue Pages 15-16  
  Keywords (up) asia; Mongolia; panthera uncia; endangered; threatened species; mammals; study methods; techniques; telemetry; snow leopard project; distribution; Gobi Desert; threatened; species; snow; leopard; snow-leopard; project; study; methods; panthera; uncia; browse; 630  
  Abstract A snow leopard project is underway to study snow leopards in Mongolia. The project, called the Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project, involves the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Mongolian Association for the Conservation of Nature and Environment, the National Geographic Society, the Mongolian Ministry of Nature and the Environment, the U.S. National Biological Service, and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objective of the study is to survey the distribution and status of Mongolia's snow leopards, including those living in the Gobi Desert. klf.  
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  Notes AUTHOR ADDRESS: Natl. Biol. Surv., MESC, 4512 McMurray Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80525-3400, NOTES: reprinted from: Snow Line (Intl. Snow Leopard Trust) Vol. XIV, 1996. Document Type: English Call Number: WR97-008333 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 310 Serial 392  
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Author Jackson, R. url 
  Title Threatened Cats of Asia; Snow Leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Wildlife Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 403-405  
  Keywords (up) asia; Nepal; browse; 3120  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 42 Serial 432  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title The Snow Leopard Dilema: Will they Persist Type Conference Article
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 433-441  
  Keywords (up) asia; Uncia-uncia; conservation; snow-leopard; protection; fur; medicine; livestock; predation; habitat; uncia; snow; leopard; snow leopard; browse; 920  
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  Notes Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Title, Monographic: 1995 AZA Regional Conference Proceedings Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 274 Serial 749  
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