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Author Ikeda, N.
Title Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 31 Issue Pages 322-330
Keywords (up) herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard
Abstract It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage.
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Notes Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 906 Serial 402
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Author Sharma, S., Thapa, K., Chalise, M., Dutta, T., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T.
Title The snow leopard in Himalaya: A step towards their conservation by studying their distribution, marking habitat selection, coexistence with other predators, and wild prey-livestock-predator interaction Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Conservation Biology in Asia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 184-196
Keywords (up) Himalaya, Nepal, ecology, snow leopard, Uncia uncia, prey, livestock, predator
Abstract Snow leopard (Uncia uncial) is a flagship species of the Himalaya. Very few studies have been done on the ecology of this species in the Himalaya. This paper presents an overview of four studies conducted on snow leopards in Nepal and India, dealing with various aspects of snow leopard ecology including their status assessment, making behaviour, habitat selection, food habits, and impact on livestock. The information generated by these studies is useful in planning effective conservation and management strategies for this endangered top predator of high mountains.
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Notes Paper 12; From: Pages 184-196 of Conservation Biology in Asia (2006) McNeely, J.A., T. M. McCarthy, A. Smith, L.Olsvig-Whittaker, and E.D. Wikramanayake (editors). Published by the Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section and Resources Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal, 455 pp. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1130
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Author Panwar, H.S.
Title Report on the snow leopard research project of Wildlife Institute of India Type Report
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-2
Keywords (up) Himalaya; Himalayas; India; international snow leopard trust; research; snow leopard; survey
Abstract Snow leopard survey conducted in Indian Himalayas between November 1985 and July 1986.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 987 Serial 759
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Author Anandakrishnan, M.B.
Title The snow leopard: Elusive and endangered Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication The Environmental Magazine Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue 5 Pages 18-19
Keywords (up) Himalayan; poaching; tourism; development; Nepal; asia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1070
Abstract The snow leopard has never been common, but there may be fewer than 4,000 left in its Himalayan habitat, and poaching and tourism-related development in the region could drive its numbers down further.
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Notes Copyright Earth Action Network, Inc. Sep/Oct 1998 Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 352 Serial 71
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Author Rieger, I.
Title Some aspects of the history of ounce knowledge Type Book Chapter
Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 2 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 1-36
Keywords (up) history; International; knowledge; ounce; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1050 Serial 820
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Author Mackay, C.
Title Open season on snow leopard and HK could catch the flak Type Newspaper Article
Year 1987 Publication Unknown Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords (up) Hong Kong; hunting; snow leopard
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 972 Serial 634
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Author Tiwari, M. P., Devkota, B. P., Jackson, R. M., Chhetri, B. B. K., Bagale, S.
Title What Factors Predispose Households in Trans-Himalaya (Central Nepal) to Livestock Predation by Snow Leopards? Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue 2187 Pages 1-14
Keywords (up) human-snow leopard conflict; livestock predation; Narphu valley; trans-Himalaya
Abstract Livestock depredation across the trans-Himalaya causes

significant economic losses to pastoralist communities. Quantification

of livestock predation and the assessment of variables associated with

depredation are crucial for designing effective long-term mitigation

measures. We investigated the patterns and factors of livestock

depredation by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) using semi-structured

questionnaires targeting herders in the Narphu valley of the Annapurna

Conservation Area, Nepal. During the two years (2017/18 and 2018/19),

73.9% of the households interviewed (n = 65) lost livestock to snow

leopards, with an annual average loss of two livestock per household. Of

the total depredation attributed to snow leopards, 55.4% were yak

(mainly female: 79%), 31.7% goat, 6.8% sheep, 3.2% horse and 2.8%

cattle. Results from applying Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs)

revealed the total number of livestock owned and the number of larger

bodied livestock species as the main explanatory covariates explaining

livestock depredation. Forty-one (41%) of all herders considered snow

leopard’s preference for domestic livestock as the main factor in

livestock predation, whereas only 5% perceived poor herding practice as

the main reason for the loss. Our study found poor and changing herding

practices in the valley, whereby 71% herders reported careful herding as

a solution to snow leopard depredation, and 15% of herders considered

the complete extermination of snow leopards as the best solution to the

problem. Tolerance levels and awareness among herders towards snow

leopard conservation is increasing, mainly due to the Buddhist religion

and strict law enforcement within this protected area. We recommend the

effective implementation of a community-based livestock insurance scheme

to compensate the economic loss of herders due to predation and improved

herding practices as the recommended mitigation measures for ensuring

livestock security and snow leopards’ conservation in the valley.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1624
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Author O'Gara, B.W.
Title Snow leopards and sport hunting in the Mongolian People's Republic Type Conference Article
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 215-225
Keywords (up) hunting; Mongolia; snow leopard
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India Place of Publication India Editor
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Notes Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium Place of Meeting: Srinagar, India Date of Copyright: 1988 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 931 Serial 734
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Author Shah, K.B.
Title On a hunting pair of snow leopards in western Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society Abbreviated Journal
Volume 86 Issue Pages 236-237
Keywords (up) hunting; Nepal; predator; snow leopard
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Publisher Bombay Natural History Society Place of Publication Bombay, India Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 991 Serial 880
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Author Freeman, H.
Title The view from here: permit hunting of snow leopards Type Magazine Article
Year 1990 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Winter Pages 2-3
Keywords (up) hunting; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 964 Serial 323
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