| Records |
| Author |
Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Dong, S., Sultan, H. |
| Title |
Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
597 |
Pages |
1-20 |
Keywords  |
trophy hunting; mass tourism; Pamir; eco-tourism; human-Snow leopard conflict |
| Abstract |
Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to ocial record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation. |
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1621 |
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| Author |
Sludskiy A.A. |
| Title |
Snow leopard or irbis Pantera (Uncia) uncia Schreber (1776) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1973 |
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Vol. 34. Hunting mammals of Kazakhstan |
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74-83 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; Kazakhstan; snow leopard; species range; distribution; number; habitats; hunting; pelts; conservation measures.; 8170; Russian |
| Abstract |
A detailed description of the snow leopard habitat in Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Pakistan, and India is given. Provided are data concerning its distribution and population size in the USSR, Kazakhstan and other neighbour countries, as well as its habitat, catching, and fur trade. Reduction of the snow leopard catching volumes for zoological trade to 10 or less animals is recommended to preserve the species; establish two new highland nature reserves; improve the management of snow leopard raising in captivity. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Volumes of the Institute of Zoology, Kazakh SSR. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 795 |
Serial |
898 |
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| Author |
Bogdanov O.P. |
| Title |
Snow leopard or irbis Uncia Uncia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1992 |
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76-80 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; Uzbekistan; Pamir; tien shan; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Chatkal ridge; juniper forest; snow leopard; species range; hunting; behavior; diet; reproductive activity; number; ibex; mountain sheep.; 6380; Russian |
| Abstract |
Snow leopard and its habitat within the USSR and Uzbek SSR are described. Its habitat in the Chatkal and Hissar ridges are described too. Given are data concerning alimentary biology, reproduction, and attitude to man. Female snow leopards become mature at the age of two three years, male at the age of four years. Reproduction occurs once every two years. Presumably, there are 10 animals in the country. Snow leopard is protected in four nature reserves in Uzbekistan and a number of nature reserves in neighbour countries. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals of Uzbekistan. Encyclopedic reference book. |
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SLN @ rana @ 616 |
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185 |
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| Author |
Abdunazarov B.B. |
| Title |
Biodiversity of mammals in the Western Tien Shan and its conservation |
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Miscellaneous |
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2002 |
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22-23 |
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Uzbekistan; biodiversity; mammals; mountain ecosystems; Western Tien Shan; Pamir-Alai; endemic; number; human influence; illegal hunting; habitat degradation; snow leopard.; 5770; Russian |
| Abstract |
The mammal fauna of Uzbekistan's mountain ecosystems is represented by some 60 species. Data on mammal species composition in the Western Tien Shan (48 species) and Pamir-Alai (57 species) is given. A quantity of species endemic to the mountainous ecosystems of Uzbekistan is defined. Quantities of nine rare species inhabiting the mountain ecosystems, including snow leopard, are given. Number of snow leopard in Pamir-Alai and the Western Tien Shan is estimated to be 30-50 animals. |
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Russian |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the Western Tien Shan: protection and sustainable use. |
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SLN @ rana @ 557 |
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22 |
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| Author |
Kreuzberg, E.; Esipov, A.; Bykova, E.; Vashetko, E. |
| Title |
Number, Distribution and Status of Habitats for Snow Leopard in Gissar Nature Reserve and Neighboring Areas |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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xvi |
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4 |
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Uzbekistan; Gissar; habitat; distribution; status; field-study; research; surveys; poaching; hunting; grazing; livestock; browse; 4440 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, Wa |
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Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
Approved |
no |
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SLN @ rana @ 432 |
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595 |
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| Author |
Abzalov A.A. |
| Title |
Game management development |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
20 24 |
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Uzbekistan; hunting farm; zakaznik; nature conservation; game species; snow leopard.; 5860; Russian |
| Abstract |
An issue of wildlife conservation in game preserves, forestries, and sanctuaries is discussed. In some regions of Uzbekistan there are various protected wildlife areas preserving unique and game species: marchor in the Kugitan hunting farm, Bukhara deer the Bukhara region, bear and snow leopard, argali, ibex, wild-boars, snow-cock, partridge, eagle, etc. in the Miraki hunting farm, pheasants in the Karadara forestry. To restore and upgrade the game management level in the country it is required to properly create game preserves, enlarge reproduction activity, strictly follow rules and terms of hunting and cultivate careful and solicitous attitude to wildlife and its resources in all hunters. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and man. |
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SLN @ rana @ 565 |
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32 |
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| Author |
Ishunin G.I. |
| Title |
Hunting and nature conservation in Uzbekistan (history and current status) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1984 |
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9-21 |
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Uzbekistan; origin; fauna; fossils; mesolite; late Stone Age; the Bronze Age; hunting; agriculture; stock-raising; natural calamity; conservation; hunting farm; snow leopard.; 6930; Russian |
| Abstract |
Origination of fauna complexes in Uzbekistan from the Mustier period to present time is described. The remains of brown bear, cave hyena, wolf, fox, corsac, stone marten, badger, and snow leopard were found in cave Amankutan (western extremities of the Zaravshan ridge). Cattle breeding and farming has begun since mesolite; cave bear, Stenon horse, Pleistocene donkey, camel and aurochs dropped from the region's fauna, while marchor and striped hyena moved to the Hissar ridge, Babatag and Kugitang mountains from south; jackal, chaus, tiger, and Iranian otter settled along the river valleys. In the Neolith and Bronze Age cattle breeding and farming continued to develop, while hunting was less important. Mass hinting for animals in the time of Alexander the Great, Chingiz Khan, and Babur, the ruler of Fergana, is described. Mass extermination of kulan, goitered gazelle, saiga, and other game species also took place later more than 12,000 saigas were killed during one hunt at the end of 19th century in the Volga region. Animals also die from natural disasters the “djut”. Data concerning a current status of goitered gazelle, saiga, Bukhara deer, marchor, Severtsev's sheep, and urial is given. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting and nature conservation in Uzbekistan. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 671 |
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417 |
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| Author |
Lesnyak A.P. |
| Title |
Cats in Uzbekistan's fur trade |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1984 |
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57-64 |
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Uzbekistan; rare species; Cats; species range; diet; hunting; pelts; poaching; snow leopard.; 7580; Russian |
| Abstract |
Data of distribution, food, and fur trade of Felidae (North Persian leopard, snow leopard, caracal, Turkestan lynx, manul, Turkestan steppe cat, jungle cat [chaus], sand cat) in Uzbekistan is given. Snow leopard is an object of illegal hunting. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting and nature protection in Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 736 |
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615 |
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| Author |
Petrov B.M. |
| Title |
Game fauna in western extremities of the Tien Shan and specific issues of its enrichment and use |
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Miscellaneous |
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1963 |
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224-225 |
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Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; game species; hunting farm; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 7890; Russian |
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It provides a brief description of game fauna in the West Tien Shan including the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, and Kurama ridges, characterized by high diversity and practical value of predatory mammal species (including snow leopard), Artiodactyls, rodents and birds. There arises a question of game fauna enrichment and game management regulating on this territory. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoogeography of land. Proceedings of third all-Union meeting. |
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SLN @ rana @ 767 |
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771 |
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| Author |
Schaller, G. |
| Title |
Surveys of Mountain Wildlife in China, Report # 4 |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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11 |
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Xinjiang; Tian-Shan; Tian; Taxkorgan; Horendaban-Shan; Horendaban; surveys; field-work; prey; livestock; hunting; poaching; herders; browse; 4210 |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 409 |
Serial |
853 |
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