| Records |
| Author |
Gromov I.M. |
| Title |
Felis (Uncia) uncia Schreber (1776) leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1963 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Part.2. |
Issue |
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Pages |
890-892 |
Keywords  |
Ussr; taxonomy; morphology; distribution; biology; value; snow leopard.; 6820; Russian |
| Abstract |
An identification table for genus and species of mammals of USSR is given. The taxonomy, morphology, distribution and life history are described. The features of snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia, distribution, biology and practical value are described. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The mammals of USSR. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 660 |
Serial |
356 |
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| Author |
Pavlinov I.Ya. |
| Title |
Genus irbis (Uncia Gray, 1854), irbis (Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776). Terrain animals of Russia. Reference book identifier |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
118-119 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; taxonomy; distribution; snow leopard.; 7860; Russian |
| Abstract |
It provides brief characteristics of terrain mammals in Russia: taxonomy, synonyms, principle features, distribution, habitat, biological features. Snow leopard is distributed in the mountains (from 800 to 5,000 m above sea level) of Central Asia Himalayas, Tibet, Pamir, Tien-Shan; in Russia the Altai, Tuva, southern Transbaikalia. |
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Full text available in Russian |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 764 |
Serial |
762 |
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| Author |
Ognev S.I. |
| Title |
Uncia uncia Sch., 1778. Irbis or snow leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1935 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Vol.3. |
Issue |
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Pages |
263-270 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; taxonomy; biology; distribution.; 7790; Russian |
| Abstract |
It describes identification signs and taxonomy of genus Uncia Gray and the only representative of genus Uncia uncia Sch., 1778, distribution and some features of the species' biology. A habitat of snow leopard includes the mountains of Central Asia from Kopet-Dag and northern Iran to the east along the mountain systems of Pamir, Turkestan, Gilgit, Tibet, Himalayas before the country Kam. On the north, snow leopard is met in Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans, and further eastward to the Yablonoviy and Stanovoy ridges reaching the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of the USSR and neighboring countries. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 757 |
Serial |
737 |
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| Author |
Kolosov A.M. |
| Title |
Genus Snow leopards Uncia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
150-151 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys; practical use.; 7220; Russian |
| Abstract |
It provides description of appearance, distribution, behavioral patterns, and use of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Central Asia, east of the Amudarya river, along the ridges of Djungar Ala-Tau and Tarbagatai, South Altai, West and East Sayans. Its main food is ungulates, though it also preys on snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. It has no enemy other than wolf; its diseases are not studied. Snow leopard is not dangerous for man. The fur-skin is used for making rugs and fur. Less than 1,000 animals are hunted globally. Before 1960, in the USSR less than 120 skins were annually purchased. Its total population is several thousand animals. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of game animals in the USSR. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 700 |
Serial |
549 |
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| Author |
Kolosov A.M. |
| Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis, – Felis uncia Schreb |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1961 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
89-90 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys.; 7200; Russian |
| Abstract |
It describes appearance, distribution and behavioral patterns of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and the Altai and mainly feeds upon ungulates, and also snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. Number of snow leopards is very low. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of commercial game animals in the USSR. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 698 |
Serial |
547 |
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| Author |
Akimushkin I. |
| Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
139-140 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; number; food; behavior; reproduction; threats.; 6000; Russian |
| Abstract |
Snow leopard behavioral patterns, food preferences, and reproduction are described in a popular way. The population of snow leopard is defined to be 1,000 animals. A reason for the population decline is hunting for the sake of beautiful fur. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. Mammals or animals. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 579 |
Serial |
49 |
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| Author |
Geptner V.G. |
| Title |
Genus snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1972 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Vol. 2, Part 2. |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; identification; phylogeny; distribution; number; life history; use.; 6760; Russian |
| Abstract |
It describes genus and species features of snow leopard such as appearance, skull, sizes, phylogenetic links, distribution, geographic variability, biology including number, habitat, refuges, activity in daylight and night, behavioral patterns, reproduction, enemies and rivals, and practical use of the species. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of the Soviet Union. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 654 |
Serial |
336 |
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| Author |
Sokolov V.E. |
| Title |
Snow leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
349-350 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 8250; Russian |
| Abstract |
Snow leopard is an endangered species. Its number is steadily decreasing. In the USSR, snow leopard is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia: Pamir, Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur. It is also met at altitudes ranging from 1,800 3,500 m above sea level. A total number of snow leopard in the USSR does not exceed 1,000 animals; according to other data 2,000 animals. A decreasing number of snow leopard and its habitat shrinkage is directly related to human's pursuing snow leopards (in the USSR snow leopard was for a long time being considered as a species causing damage to livestock so authorities gave premiums for catching/shooting snow leopards) and reduction of ungulate population. Snow leopards are now protected in mountain nature reserves of the USSR: Chatkal, Aksu-Djabagly, Ramit, Besh-Aral, Sary-Chelek, and Alma-Ata. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals. Mammals. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 803 |
Serial |
908 |
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| Author |
Pokrovskiy V.S. |
| Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1976 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
82-98 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7940; Russian |
| Abstract |
It considers biology of snow leopard, provides data concerning its number and distribution, and shows environment correlation of the predator. Besides, it describes the ways of catching snow leopards, and conditions under which it can be kept in enclosures. Precise recommendations for the species protection are given. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Large mammals. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 772 |
Serial |
780 |
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| Author |
Zhirnov L.V. |
| Title |
Rare and endangered species of the USSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1978 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
91-94 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; practical use.; 8740; Russian |
| Abstract |
A description of snow leopard number, distribution, reproductive biology, death reasons, and conservation measures in the USSR, where northern and north-western border of its habitat runs, is given. The population of snow leopard in the USSR is 500 1,000 animals. In the Inner Tien Shan, 400 snow leopards were caught 1936 through 1970. The maximum of 120 skins was purchased in Pamir in 1956 1958. Population of snow leopard directly correlates with population of ibex, a fact being verified by data collected on a long-term basis. Moreover, snow leopard was for a long time considered as a harmful animal, shooting of which was encouraged by premiums and resulted in reduction of snow leopard population. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals and birds. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 851 |
Serial |
1080 |
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| Author |
Molyukov M.I. |
| Title |
Irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1989 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
74-81 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; diet; behavior.; 7710; Russian |
| Abstract |
In a popular form it tells about snow leopard, its geographical distribution, behavioral patterns, food, enemies and competitors, hunting behavior, etc. Given are interesting data concerning the number of ibex killed during one hunt in eastern Pamir (25 30 ibexes), cases of snow leopard's attacking bears and so on. Snow leopard rarely preys on livestock, mainly sheep and goats. Young snow leopards are easily tamed. There are about 2,000 snow leopards in the USSR about 1,500 of them are in Kyrgyzstan. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of the Red Data Book of the USSR. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 749 |
Serial |
703 |
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| Author |
Bannikov A.G. |
| Title |
Snow leopard (irbis). Felis uncia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
44 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; life history; threats.; 6150; Russian |
| Abstract |
Irbis is distributed in highlands of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Altai. It preys mainly on wild sheep and ibex, marmots, pica, snow-cock, rarer other ungulates, rodents and birds. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. At the beginning of spring this species is on heat, gestation period being 90 100 days. Female bears two three (to five) cubs. The litter splits in one year. The animal sheds hair twice a year. It has a low population and therefore hunting for snow leopard is prohibited. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game animals and birds of the USSR. Reference book and identifier. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 593 |
Serial |
114 |
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| Author |
Akimushkin I. |
| Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
210-211 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; behavior; reproduction.; 5990; Russian |
| Abstract |
The biology of snow leopard is described in a popular form. Information of distribution, behavior and reproductive biology, etc. is given. |
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Russian |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 578 |
Serial |
48 |
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| Author |
Heiz A.V. |
| Title |
Some legal issues of snow leopard protection in the USSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1979 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
244-245 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; criminal responsibility; management responsibility; liability for breakage; protection; propaganda; counts.; 6860; Russian |
| Abstract |
Any commercial use or sport hunting for snow leopard is prohibited everywhere. In the USSR, illegal hunting or attempt to hunt was prosecuted according to the criminal or administrative law. The following additional measures are required to successfully protect the species: conducting awareness activity in local communities, continuous control, quick investigating of snow leopard extermination cases, and regular counts of snow leopard population. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Environment fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 664 |
Serial |
379 |
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| Author |
Razmakhnin V.E. |
| Title |
Siberian wild ibex |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1977 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
164-175 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian |
| Abstract |
It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 783 |
Serial |
810 |
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| Author |
Lavrov N.P. |
| Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
58-60 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; Russia; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; number; life history characteristics; conservation measures.; 7570; Russian |
| Abstract |
Snow leopard Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775, has status I, that is rare, non-numerous and endangered species. Information about its distribution, habitats, biology, number, existing and required conservation measures in the RSFSR and USSR is provided. Total population in the USSR is 800 1,000 animals. |
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| Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the RSFSR. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 735 |
Serial |
613 |
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| Author |
Matyushkin E.N. |
| Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Vol.1. |
Issue |
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Pages |
42-43 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; number; life history characteristics; conservation measures.; 7620; Russian |
| Abstract |
Snow leopard Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775, was included in the Red Data Book of the USSR and given status III rare species with small habitat. It provides information about its distribution (from Pamir and West Tien Shan to East Sayans), habitat, biology, number, threats, and existing and required protection measures. Total number in the USSR is about 2,000 animals. There were 194 snow leopards in the zoos throughout the world at the beginning of 1980. In the USSR the species is under protection in nature reserves as follows: Ramit, Chatkal, Besh Aral, Aksu Jabagly, Sary Chelek, Almaty, Altai. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red data Book of the USSR. Rare and endangered animal and plant species. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 740 |
Serial |
651 |
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| Author |
Cherkasova M.V. |
| Title |
Predators |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1982 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
15 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; Red Data book; mammals; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard.; 6420; Russian |
| Abstract |
Among species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, predators occupy the first place; of them, unconditional leadership belongs the cat family species. Nine of eleven species of the family are referred to as rare and endangered ones. In the past snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabited all mountains on the south of the USSR from Tien Shan and Pamir to Transbaikalia. Now it no longer inhabits many of its previous habitats and has become rare, everywhere. Its total population in the USSR is no more than 1000 animals. At the beginning of XX century there were cases that such an amount of snow leopard (i.e. 1,000) was hunted during one year. Until recently, hunting the species was allowed all year round and even encouraged. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: They must live. Mammals. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 620 |
Serial |
215 |
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| Author |
Kaletskiy A. |
| Title |
They must live |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1978 |
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| Volume |
N 11. |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Ussr; Red Data book; endangeres species; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7050; Russian |
| Abstract |
Among large predators included in the Red Data Book of the USSR and Red List of IUCN the author describes snow leopard. A population of snow leopard in the USSR is estimated to be 500 animals, and no more than 1,000 in the world. In the past, irbis was believed to be a harmful animal and hunting for this species was encouraged. Today, population of the predator is reducing because of poaching and decreasing number of species it preys on such as ibex, wild sheep, wild boar, and marmots. The situation is exacerbated by biological features of this species first of all its slow rate of reproduction. It is concluded that snow leopard needs urgent protection measures since the species is on the verge of disappearance. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Man and nature. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 683 |
Serial |
510 |
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| Author |
Sosnovskiy I.P. |
| Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1987 |
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Pages |
106-110 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8310; Russian |
| Abstract |
In a popular form, it tells about rare vertebrate animals included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, their biology, behavioral patterns, threats and measures being taken to protect them. Total number of snow leopard in the USSR is defined as 2,000 animals. 200 snow leopards live in zoos throughout the world. The animals successfully reproduce themselves in the Moscow, Kaunas, and Alma-Ata zoos. Snow leopard's maximum life expectancy in enclosures is 22 years. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals: leafing through the Red Data Book of the USSR. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 809 |
Serial |
917 |
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| Author |
Pokrovskiy V.S. |
| Title |
Special protected areas (zakazniks) in areas of existence of rare and especially useful species of animals |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1967 |
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132-135 |
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Ussr; protected areas; snow leopard.; 7960; Russian |
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The description of nature reserves of USSR is given. The key species living within these reserves are specified. The snow leopard is recorded for zakaznik located in Koksu River upper, Kazakhstan. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Remarkable natural landscapes of the USSR and their protection. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 774 |
Serial |
782 |
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| Author |
Baryshnikov G.F. |
| Title |
Sub-genus Panthera Oken, 1816. Genus Panthera |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1981 |
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Pages |
282 283 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; panthera; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; using; snow leopard; 6180; Russian |
| Abstract |
The monograph provides taxonomic description of sub-genus Panthera Oken, 1816, genus Uncia grey, 1854. Snow leopard inhabits the mountains of Tajikistan, the Pamirs, Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, the Altai, the Sayans; also the mountain of Mongolia, Tibet, the Himalayas, and Hindukush, where it keeps to alpine meadows and woodless rocks at up to 3,000 – 4,000 m above sea level in summer, and descends to a lower elevation in winter. It described from the Altai. They are of minor trade importance. This species is rare all over its habitat and included in the Red Data Book of the USSR. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Catalogue of mammals of the USSR. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 596 |
Serial |
122 |
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| Author |
Bannikov A.G. |
| Title |
Genus Panthera |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1971 |
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366 370 |
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Ussr; panthera; snow leopard; distribution; preys; reproduction.; 6140; Russian |
| Abstract |
It gives the description of genus Panthera: lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar and snow leopard. The mountains of Central Asia and South Siberia limit the habitat of snow leopard in the USSR. This species is also distributed in the Himalayas, Tibet, and mountains of Mongolia. In summer, it lives at 3,660 3,970 m above sea level, while in winter, following the ungulates; snow leopard descends to 1,800 m. In the Himalayas, it ascends up to 5,500 m above sea level in summer. In Djungar and Talas Ala-Tau, snow leopard keeps at 600 1,200 m. It takes refuge in caves and cracks of rocks. Snow leopard is mostly active in twilights and night, rarer in daylight, and preys on ungulates, hares, marmots, and others. The coupling period is winter or early spring. A gestation is about 90 days. It has 3 5 cubs in a litter. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Life of animals. Vertebrates. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 592 |
Serial |
115 |
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| Author |
Vereschagin N.K., S.T.B. |
| Title |
Rare mammals in the USSR: protection challenges |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1976 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
3-9 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; mammals; game species; non-game species; rare species; vanishing species; IUCN Red Data Book; snow leopard.; 8480; Russian |
| Abstract |
A group of rare and endangered species was segregated within the game and non-game mammals of the USSR. Some species in the group were formerly referred to game species. But due to over-hunting and the absence of measures aimed at their reproduction the population dropped sharply. Mammal fauna of the USSR includes more than 80 species that require special protection. The Red list of IUCN includes, among the others, white bear, Transcaucasian sub-species of brown bear, Amur and Turan tigers, snow leopard, Caucasian and Amur leopards, caracal, cheetah, Tien-Shan and Ussuri sub-species of dhole, Atlantic walrus, island seal, kulan, Bukhara red deer, New Land reindeer, goitered gazelle, Menzbier's marmot. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of USSR fauna. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 825 |
Serial |
985 |
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| Author |
Bobrinskiy, N.A. |
| Title |
Subgenus Leopardus |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1935 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
100-101 |
| Keywords |
Ussr; leopards; snow leopard; distribution; features.; 6300; Russian |
| Abstract |
Snow Leopard Felis (Leopardus) uncia S c h r † b., 1778 is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia, Turkmenistan (very rare) and Turkestan, on Tarbagatay, Altay, Sayans and in Uriankhay area. Subspecies haven't been described. Body length is about 130 cm, tail length 90 cm. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guide on hunting-game animals of USSR. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 608 |
Serial |
178 |
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