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Aizin B.M. (1985). Snow leopard.
Abstract: Snow leopard is a rare and endangered species, distributed in all mountain ridges of Kyrgyzstan. Its population is 1,400 animals, density being 0.2 0.5 animal per 1,000 ha. Its population was noticed to decrease in some ridges because of decreasing populations of mountain ungulates. 200 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export over the last 20 years. This species is protected in the nature reserves Sary Chelek, Besh Aral, and natural park Ala Archa.
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Sokov A.I. (1986). Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan (Vol. Vol. 3.).
Abstract: In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species.
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Sokov A.I. (1997). Snow leopard.
Abstract: Snow leopard distributed in Pamir, Mountain Badakhshan (2500-5500 masl). Its number assessed as 250-350 individuals. There were recorded 450 snow leopards in 1950s-1960s.
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Bannikov A.G. (1982). We must save them.
Abstract: It describes the USSR's fauna species included in the Red Data Book and gives an assessment of endangered species conservation practices throughout the world. It says about ways and perspectives of conservation and rehabilitation of rare animals in the USSR. It provides brief information concerning snow leopard's biology, distribution, number, opportunities for captive breeding, and international conservation activities aimed to protect this species.
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Vereschagin N.K., S. T. B. (1976). Rare mammals in the USSR: protection challenges.
Abstract: A group of rare and endangered species was segregated within the game and non-game mammals of the USSR. Some species in the group were formerly referred to game species. But due to over-hunting and the absence of measures aimed at their reproduction the population dropped sharply. Mammal fauna of the USSR includes more than 80 species that require special protection. The Red list of IUCN includes, among the others, white bear, Transcaucasian sub-species of brown bear, Amur and Turan tigers, snow leopard, Caucasian and Amur leopards, caracal, cheetah, Tien-Shan and Ussuri sub-species of dhole, Atlantic walrus, island seal, kulan, Bukhara red deer, New Land reindeer, goitered gazelle, Menzbier's marmot.
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Sosnovskiy I.P. (1987). Snow leopard or irbis.
Abstract: In a popular form, it tells about rare vertebrate animals included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, their biology, behavioral patterns, threats and measures being taken to protect them. Total number of snow leopard in the USSR is defined as 2,000 animals. 200 snow leopards live in zoos throughout the world. The animals successfully reproduce themselves in the Moscow, Kaunas, and Alma-Ata zoos. Snow leopard's maximum life expectancy in enclosures is 22 years.
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Kaletskiy A. (1978). They must live (Vol. N 11.).
Abstract: Among large predators included in the Red Data Book of the USSR and Red List of IUCN the author describes snow leopard. A population of snow leopard in the USSR is estimated to be 500 animals, and no more than 1,000 in the world. In the past, irbis was believed to be a harmful animal and hunting for this species was encouraged. Today, population of the predator is reducing because of poaching and decreasing number of species it preys on such as ibex, wild sheep, wild boar, and marmots. The situation is exacerbated by biological features of this species first of all its slow rate of reproduction. It is concluded that snow leopard needs urgent protection measures since the species is on the verge of disappearance.
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Cherkasova M.V. (1982). Predators.
Abstract: Among species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, predators occupy the first place; of them, unconditional leadership belongs the cat family species. Nine of eleven species of the family are referred to as rare and endangered ones. In the past snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabited all mountains on the south of the USSR from Tien Shan and Pamir to Transbaikalia. Now it no longer inhabits many of its previous habitats and has become rare, everywhere. Its total population in the USSR is no more than 1000 animals. At the beginning of XX century there were cases that such an amount of snow leopard (i.e. 1,000) was hunted during one year. Until recently, hunting the species was allowed all year round and even encouraged.
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Matyushkin E.N. (1984). Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 (Vol. Vol.1.).
Abstract: Snow leopard Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775, was included in the Red Data Book of the USSR and given status III rare species with small habitat. It provides information about its distribution (from Pamir and West Tien Shan to East Sayans), habitat, biology, number, threats, and existing and required protection measures. Total number in the USSR is about 2,000 animals. There were 194 snow leopards in the zoos throughout the world at the beginning of 1980. In the USSR the species is under protection in nature reserves as follows: Ramit, Chatkal, Besh Aral, Aksu Jabagly, Sary Chelek, Almaty, Altai.
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Lavrov N.P. (1985). Snow leopard, or irbis.
Abstract: Snow leopard Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775, has status I, that is rare, non-numerous and endangered species. Information about its distribution, habitats, biology, number, existing and required conservation measures in the RSFSR and USSR is provided. Total population in the USSR is 800 1,000 animals.
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