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Author |
McCarthy, K.; Fuller, T.; Ming, M.; McCarthy, T.; Waits, L.; Jumabaev, K. |
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Title |
Assessing Estimators of Snow Leopard Abundance |
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Miscellaneous |
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2008 |
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Journal of Widlife Management |
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72 |
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8 |
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1826-1833 |
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abundance; camera,capture-recapture,density,index,predator:prey ratios,techniques,Tien Shan,Uncia; leopard; SaryChat; sign surveys; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Tomur |
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The secretive nature of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) makes them difficult to monitor, yet conservation efforts require accurate and precise methods to estimate abundance. We assessed accuracy of Snow Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS) sign surveys by comparing them with 4 methods for estimating snow leopard abundance: predator:prey biomass ratios, capture-recapture density estimation, photo-capture rate, and individual identification through genetic analysis. We recorded snow leopard sign during standardized surveys in the SaryChat Zapovednik, the Jangart hunting reserve, and the Tomur Strictly Protected Area, in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan and China. During June-December 2005, adjusted sign averaged 46.3 (SaryChat), 94.6 (Jangart), and 150.8 (Tomur) occurrences/km. We used
counts of ibex (Capra ibex) and argali (Ovis ammon) to estimate available prey biomass and subsequent potential snow leopard densities of 8.7 (SaryChat), 1.0 (Jangart), and 1.1 (Tomur) snow leopards/100 km2. Photo capture-recapture density estimates were 0.15 (n = 1 identified individual/1 photo), 0.87 (n = 4/13), and 0.74 (n = 5/6) individuals/100 km2 in SaryChat, Jangart, and Tomur, respectively. Photo-capture rates
(photos/100 trap-nights) were 0.09 (SaryChat), 0.93 (Jangart), and 2.37 (Tomur). Genetic analysis of snow leopard fecal samples provided minimum population sizes of 3 (SaryChat), 5 (Jangart), and 9 (Tomur) snow leopards. These results suggest SLIMS sign surveys may be affected by observer bias and environmental variance. However, when such bias and variation are accounted for, sign surveys indicate relative abundances similar to photo rates and genetic individual identification results. Density or abundance estimates based on capture-recapture or ungulate biomass did not agree with other indices of abundance. Confidence in estimated densities, or even detection of significant changes in abundance of snow leopard, will require more effort and better documentation. |
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SLN @ rana @ 881 |
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653 |
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Author |
Berenstein, F. |
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Title |
The snow leopard. Fusion in an Elaborated Delusional Fantasy |
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1984 |
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Am J Psychoanal |
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44 |
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4 |
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377-397 |
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Adolescence; Case; Report; Countertransference; Psychology; Divorce; Fantasy; Gender; Identity; Human; Male; Parent-Child; Relations; Professional-Patient; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychoanalytic; therapy; Psychosexual; development; Transference; parent; child; professional; patient; interpretation; browse; 340 |
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0002-9548 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 68 |
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130 |
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Author |
Cunha, S.F. |
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Title |
Hunting of Rare and Endangered Fauna in the Mountains of Post-Soviet Central Asia |
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1997 |
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110-120 |
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asia; hunting; poaching; bones; pelts; pelt; teeth; fur; coat; conservation; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Pamir; Tien-Shan; parks; protected-areas; refuge; reserves; browse; soviet; union; protected; 2830 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 212 |
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229 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
Snow leopard conservation in the wild – a comprehensive perspective on a low density and highly fragmented population |
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1994 |
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3-15 |
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conservation; habitat; distribution; range; tibetan-plateau; Himalaya; Taklimakan-desert; Karakoram; Hindu-kush; Pamir; Kun-Lun; Tien-Shan; Altay; Cites; status; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; India; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Nepal; Pakistan; Russia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; protected-area; parks; park; reserve; refuge; research; management; kazakstan; browse; tibetan; plateau; taklimakan; desert; hindu; protected; area; 2630 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.Fox; J.Du |
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Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 216 |
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304 |
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Grachev, U.A.; Fedosenko, A.K. |
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Title |
Distribution and Numbers of Snow Leopard in Kazakhstan |
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1991 |
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ix |
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distribution; Tien-Shan; Altai; extinction; status; browse; 4720 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 459 |
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344 |
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Author |
Kydyraliev A.K. |
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Title |
Some animal species' habitat alteration in the Central Tien Shan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1970 |
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Part 1. |
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46-48 |
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Kyrgyzstan; tien shan; human influence; water conservation activity; decline; range; number; birds; mammals; game species; moral; argali; snow leopard.; 7540; Russian |
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Irrigation and drainage activity in Tien Shan led some bird species to disappear. Number of species to build their nests in tree holes has dropped. Mongolian sandpiper and black-bellied sand grouse disappeared in the steppe areas. Great bustard, formerly nesting in this area, can now be rarely seen only in migration. The direct anthropogenic influence resulted in shrinkage of game animal and bird populations such as moral, goitered gazelle, argali, snow leopard, and stone marten. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Influence of anthropogenic factors on the formation of zoogeographic complexes. The fifth inter-school zoogeographic conference. |
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SLN @ rana @ 732 |
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605 |
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Vorobjov A.G. |
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Title |
Ungulates (Artiodactyla) of the Western Tien Shan (Distribution and number within Kyrgyzstan) |
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2002 |
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68-72 |
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Kyrgyzstan; Western Tien Shan; distribution; number; ungulates; predators; wolf; Lynx; snow leopard; commercial hunting.; 8520; Russian |
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Materials on numbers and densities of 8 ungulates (Sus scrofa nigripes, Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus, Cervus elaphus, Cervus nippon, Cervus dama, Capra sibirica formosovi, Ovis ammon karelini, Bison bonasus) within the Chatkal …nd Talas Ranges are given. A critical analysis is also presented on prospects for development of the commercial hunting tourism as opportunities for additional assignments in measures on conservation of the Western Tien Shan biodiversity |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 829 |
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992 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
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Title |
Mountains of Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1967 |
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296-321 |
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Middle Asia; mountain; tien shan; Pamir; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Kopet-Dag ridge; Animals; plants; Issyk-Kul lake; Sary-Chelek; spiders; birds; lizards; marmots; wild sheep; ibex; snow leopard.; 6330; Russian |
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It provides a zoogeographical description of Central Asia mountains: Tien Shan (west and east), Pamir, the Turkestan and Hissar ridges, and ruinous mountains in Kyzylkum. Distribution of various animal species over the area under study is described. Data concerning Central Asia sheep, ibex, and snow leopard in the alpine meadow zone, and data concerning the otter (in the Tupalang river basin) and grey partridge is presented. The author noted that generally fauna of Tien Shan, Hissar, and Pamir is similar to that of Inner Asia. The other type of fauna more similar to that of Transcaucasia is typical for Kopet-Dag. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna and nature of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 611 |
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180 |
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Author |
Koshkarev E.P. |
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Title |
Geographic prerequisites for snow leopard conservation in the USSR |
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Miscellaneous |
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1990 |
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153-154 |
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Pamir; Pamir-Alai; tien shan; Jungar Alatau; Tarbagatai; Saur; Altai; Sayans; snow leopard.; 7250; Russian |
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Three key areas of the snow leopard habitat in the USSR are geographically segregated: Central Asia (Pamir, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai), East Kazakhstan (Jungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur), and South Siberia (Altai, the Sayans), which are separated from one another. The fate of snow leopard in East Kazakhstan and South Siberia causes the most anxiety. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V Congress of all-Union mammalogy' society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 703 |
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559 |
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Author |
Kuznetsnov, G.U.; Matyushkin, E.N. |
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Title |
The snow leopard hunts |
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1980 |
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Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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11 |
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44-48 |
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Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; Tien-Shan; hunting; behavior; predator; prey; browse; soviet; union; tien; shan; 3760 |
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Describes observations of a snow leopard hunting ibex in the western Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. The hunt was unsucceseful, but the account provides information on behavior of both the snow leoaprd and ibex in a predator prey relationship |
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SLN @ rana @ 56 |
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599 |
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