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| Author |
Jackson, R., Wangchuk, R. |
| Title |
People-wildlife conflicts in the trans-Himalaya |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2000 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-10 |
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| Abstract |
Wildlife-related crop and livestock damage is emerging as a leading source of conflict between local communities, protected areas and park managers throughout India and the Himalayan region (Kharel 1997, Mishra 1997, Saberwal et al. 1994 and Sekhar 1998). For example, a comprehensive household-level survey of herders living in Nepal’s Annapurna Conservation Area suggested that predation accounted for 63% of all livestock mortality over a 18-24 month period, mostly attributable to snow leopard (Jackson et al. 1996). Oli et al. (1994) reported the predation rate at 2.6% of the stockholding, with losses representing as much as 25% of the average household’s per capita income. Hardly surprisingly, most local people held strongly negative attitudes toward snow leopard and wolf. In the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in Lahaul-Spiti, Mishra (1997) reported that 18% of the livestock holding were killed over a 18 month period, amounting to 1.6 animals per household perannum, with an estimated total value of US $ 128 per family per year. Villages received compensationin only 28 of 131 reported cases. According to local residents, predation rates in the sanctuary had increased markedly since its establishment. Mishra (1997) attributes this to a dramatic increase in livestock numbers accompanying a shift rom subsistence to a more commercially-based animal husbandry pattern.
The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of livestock damage from wild carnivores and how protected area managers could best approach this contentious issue. The author uses Hemis National Park as a case study example, focusing on baseline information gathering, and past, current and proposed remedial actions for reducing losses and compensating livestock owners. |
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English |
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1332 |
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Tursun, H.; Wenhu, Y.; Meng, X.H. |
| Title |
Great Exploitation of the West and the Basic Thoughts of the Great Development Strategy of Xinjiang |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Arid Land Geography |
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23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
193-198 |
| Keywords |
5410 |
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In Chinese. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 525 |
Serial |
975 |
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| Author |
Du, L.; Ming, M. |
| Title |
Wildlife in Xinjiang |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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5460 |
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Xinjiang Juvenile Publishing House |
Place of Publication |
Urumqi |
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SLN @ rana @ 530 |
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245 |
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| Author |
Primack, Rand J.W.Z. |
| Title |
A Primer of Conservation Biology |
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Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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5550 |
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China Forestry Publishing House |
Place of Publication |
Beijing |
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SLN @ rana @ 539 |
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793 |
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| Author |
Zhang, W.; Zhang, F. |
| Title |
Beast of Prey |
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Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2000 |
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5680 |
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North-eastern Forestry University Press |
Place of Publication |
Harbin |
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SLN @ rana @ 552 |
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1074 |
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| Author |
Kolmstetter, C.; Munson, L.; Ramsay, E.C. |
| Title |
Degenerative spinal disease in large felids |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
J Zoo Wildl Med |
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31 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-19 |
| Keywords |
Age-Factors; Animal; Animals; zoo; Autopsy; veterinary; Carnivora; Female; Lions; Male; Age; factor; browse; 110 |
| Abstract |
Degenerative spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, seldom occur in domestic cats. In contrast, a retrospective study of 13 lions (Panthera leo), 16 tigers (Panthera tigris), 4 leopards (Panthera pardis), 1 snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and 3 jaguars (Panthera onca) from the Knoxville Zoo that died or were euthanatized from 1976 to 1996 indicated that degenerative spinal disease is an important problem in large nondomestic felids. The medical record, radiographic data, and the necropsy report of each animal were examined for evidence of intervertebral disc disease or spondylosis. Eight (three lions, four tigers, and one leopard) animals were diagnosed with degenerative spinal disease. Clinical signs included progressively decreased activity, moderate to severe rear limb muscle atrophy, chronic intermittent rear limb paresis, and ataxia. The age at onset of clinical signs was 10-19 yr (median = 18 yr). Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column was useful in assessing the severity of spinal lesions, and results were correlated with necropsy findings. Lesions were frequently multifocal, included intervertebral disc mineralization or herniation with collapsed intervertebral disc spaces, and were most common in the lumbar area but also involved cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Marked spondylosis was present in the cats with intervertebral disc disease, presumably subsequent to vertebral instability. Six of the animals' spinal cords were examined histologically, and five had acute or chronic damage to the spinal cord secondary to disc protrusion. Spinal disease should be suspected in geriatric large felids with decreased appetite or activity. Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column is the most useful method to assess the type and severity of spinal lesions. |
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1042-7260 |
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Document Type: eng |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 384 |
Serial |
545 |
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Sundberg, J.P.; Van Ranst, M.; Montali, R.; Homer, B.L.; Miller, W.H.; Rowland, P.H.; Scott, D.W.; England, J.J.; Dunstan, R.W.; Mikaelian, I.; Jenson, A.B. |
| Title |
Feline papillomas and papillomaviruses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Vet Pathol |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-10 |
| Keywords |
Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; Carnivora; pathology; virology; Cats; Dna; Viral; chemistry; Epitope; Mapping; veterinary; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Lions; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Papilloma; Papillomavirus; Papovaviridae; Infections; skin; neoplasms; Tongue; browse; 120 |
| Abstract |
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designations: Asian lion, Panthera leo, P1PV; snow leopard, Panthera uncia, PuPV-1; bobcat, Felis rufus, FrPV; Florida panther, Felis concolor, FcPV; clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, NnPV; and domestic cat, Felis domesticus, FdPV-2) or skin (domestic cat, F. domesticus, FdPV-1; and snow leopard, P. uncia, PuPV-2). |
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0300-9858 |
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Document Type: eng |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 385 |
Serial |
948 |
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Anonymous |
| Title |
A snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-8 |
| Keywords |
awareness; behaviour; biodiversity; conservation plan; decline; density; ecology; fund-raising; funding; habitat degradation; Himalayan; management; Mongolia; montane; pastoralists; pelt; predator; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; snow leopard; trade; Wwf |
| Abstract |
The snow leopard faces multiple threats in the Himalayan region, from habitat degradation, loss of prey, the trade in pelts, parts and live animals, and conflict with humans, primarily pastoralists. Consequently, the populations are considered to be in decline and the species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN's Red List. As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.This regional strategy for WWF's snow leopard conservation program is built on such an approach. The following were identified as important regional issues: 1) international trade in snow leopards and parts; 2) the human-snow leopard conflict; 3) the need for a landscape approach to conservation to provide large spatial areas that can support demographically and ecologically viable snow leopard metapopulations; 4) research on snow leopard ecology to develop long-term, science-based conservation management plans; and 5) regional coordination and dialog. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress. |
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Publication date unknown but must be at least from 2000. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 995 |
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92 |
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| Author |
Wang, X.; Peng, J.; Zhou, H. |
| Title |
Preliminary observations on the distribution and status of dwarf blue sheep Pseudois schaeferi |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
Publication |
Oryx |
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34 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
21-26 |
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Batang County of China; conservation; status; distribution; dwarf blue sheep; Pseudois schaeferi.; 5190 |
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Describes the drastic decline of the dwarf blue sheep since the 1950's primarily due to over-hunting. There are an estimated 200 individuals remaining in a 295 square km range in Batang county, China. The authors recommend urgent protection for this species. |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 504 |
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1004 |
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Watanabe, M.; Sugano, S.; Togashi, T.; Imai, J.; Uchida, K.; Yamaguchi, R.; Tateyama, S. |
| Title |
Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of canine beta-casein |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2000 |
Publication |
DNA Seq |
Abbreviated Journal |
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11 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
295-300 |
| Keywords |
browse; 390 |
| Abstract |
A canine beta-casein cDNA was isolated from mammary tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers. It encodes 250 amino acids protein containing the conserved sequence motif of beta- casein. It showed the highest homology with snow-leopard (Uncia uncia (55-62% identity). It also showed 44-53% identity with human, 33-42%, identity with mouse, 29-37%, identity with rat, 43-53% identity with rabbit, 41-48% identity with pig, 44-51% identity with cattle and 44- 50% identity with sheep. A 1.2-kb mRNA was detected in mammary tissue by Northern blot analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that canine beta-casein formed a branch with lesser panda and snow leopard, which were grouped into carnivore. |
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1042-5179 |
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Document Type: eng |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 386 |
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1010 |
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