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Author Gurung, Gand T.K. url 
  Title Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) and Human Interaction in Phoo Village in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages  
  Keywords phoo; annapurna conservation area; Nepal; livestock; human interaction; conflict management; yaks; goats; sheep; horse; corral; 5280  
  Abstract Phoo village in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in Nepal is located at 4,052 m als physically

in the central north of the country. Livestock keeping is the main activity of the people for making a

living amidst a conflict with snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Each year snow leopard kills a number of

livestock resulting significant economic losses for the poor people living in this remote area. Unless

the people – snow leopard conflict is well understood and appropriate conflict management activities

are implemented, the long run co-existence between people and snow leopard – especially the

existence of snow leopard in this part of the world -will be in question. This has now become an

utmost important as the aspiration of the people for economic development has risen significantly and

the area has been opened to tourism since spring 2002. In addition to this, the globalisation process has

directly and indirectly affected the traditional resource management practices and co-existence

strategies of many traditional societies including Phoo.

The livestock depredation for 3 years (2001 – 2004) by snow leopard was studied by interviewing the

herders to understand the responsible and specific bio-physical and socio-economic factors. The study

revealed that goats are most depredated species followed by sheep. Winter months (January – April)

and winter pastures are most vulnerable to snow leopard predation. Presence of bushes, forest and

boulders make good hides for snow leopard resulting into high depredation. The study also showed

that a lax animal guarding system was significantly responsible for high livestock depredation by snow

leopard.

The study showed that improvement in livestock guarding system should be adopted as the most

important activity. However despite the importance of livestock in the economy of Phoo it is still not

well understood why the herders neglect for proper livestock guarding. This requires further study.

Proper guarding system is required especially in winter season in winter pastures. It is also suggested

that there should be changes in the composition of livestock species by promoting more yaks and

discouraging or minimising goats. Yaks and large animals are less depredated and small animals like

goats and sheep are highly depredated by snow leopard. A trend was also observed in Phoo village

where there is an increase in the number of yaks and a decrease in the number of goats over last few

years. This could be a management response of the herders to livestock depredation. Other protective

measures of the livestock at the corrals have also been recommended including promotion of guard

dogs and other measures.

Since the area is opened for tourism, it is suggested that the tourism opportunity for the economic

development of the area should be grasped so that the heavy dependence on livestock raising would be

minimised. This will help minimise the number of human – snow leopard conflicts.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 513 Serial 363  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Heiz A.V. url 
  Title Some legal issues of snow leopard protection in the USSR Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 244-245  
  Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; criminal responsibility; management responsibility; liability for breakage; protection; propaganda; counts.; 6860; Russian  
  Abstract Any commercial use or sport hunting for snow leopard is prohibited everywhere. In the USSR, illegal hunting or attempt to hunt was prosecuted according to the criminal or administrative law. The following additional measures are required to successfully protect the species: conducting awareness activity in local communities, continuous control, quick investigating of snow leopard extermination cases, and regular counts of snow leopard population.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Environment fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 664 Serial 379  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hol, E.H.; Marden, T.B.; Roelke, M.E. url 
  Title The importance of ecotoxicological research in management of the snow leopard: lessons learned from the Florida panther Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 113-125  
  Keywords ecotoxicological; contaminants; pollution; habitat; health; browse; 3310; research; management; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox and D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 226 Serial 387  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hongguang, H.; Yongfu, X. url 
  Title Captive snow leopards in the Chongqing Zoo Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 191-193  
  Keywords China; zoos; captivity; cage; food; feeding; diet; management; zoo; browse; 3390  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 228 Serial 389  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. url 
  Title The role of protected areas in Nepal in maintaining viable populations of snow leopards Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue (up) Pages 51-69  
  Keywords Nepal; conservation; management; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; island-biology-theory; population-limits; habitat; suitability; 3040  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Full text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 165 Serial 444  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ming, M. url 
  Title The Problems About Conservation of Wildlife Animals In Xinjiang Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Arid Land Geography Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue (up) 1 Pages 47-51  
  Keywords China; conservation; development; distribution; ecosystem; management; nature reserves; protected areas; species diversity; Xinjiang  
  Abstract As an important part of the ecosystem in the world, the wild are highly sensitive to impel the public to pay an increasing attention to the vertebrates and their habitats. The region from Xinjiang to Central Asian countries and from north China to Mongolia, explored less by zoologists. The region is mainly consisted of deserts and high mountain ranges many lakes and rivers that provide the suitable habitats for wildlife. These are actually unknown. Conservation in the modern sense is a very important part of development, especially in the Western Development of China. This paper deals with the species diversity and vertebrates' conservation in Xinjiang. Since 1980, over 20 Iocal nature reserves and 4 nationaI nature reserves have been established in Xinjiang. There are about 700 vertebrate species (in 5 classesœª37 ordersœr97 familiesœª196 genera) in Xinjiang. These cover about 134 species of mammalsœª392­® 430 species of birdsœr40­® 45 species of reptilesœª6­® 7 species of amphibians and 93­® 120 fishes. With the rapid economic development, some protected areas exist only in name. The areas are not only havens for wild species, but also maintain ecological benefits. Xinjiang is a very special region in China. The wild animals are different from those in other provinces along the east coast and in the interior. There are many questions about the conservation of wild animals in Xinjiang, e.g. the threatened species distinguishing, distribution and management, etc. So the paper is for reference only to the Great Development of Western China.  
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  Notes In Chinese. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 536 Serial 679  
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Author Johnson, D. url 
  Title The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation goes international Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Endangered Species Update, A Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue (up) 10 Pages A10  
  Keywords Nfwf; India; asia; siberia; endangered-species; snow-leopard; managemnet; conservation; snow leopard; browse; endangered; species; 1150  
  Abstract Abstract: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) which is a conservation organization created in 1984 aims to conserve the species on an international context before they are endangered which will enable a more effective conservation procedure. The NFWF has addressed the causes of endangered species in India and South Asia such as the tiger, Indian wolf and the snow leopard and has supported the conservation efforts of the Siberian tiger. It has cooperated with multi-national organizations to evaluate the best strategy that could be adopted to prevent a future extinction of several species and has supported CITES programs  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 254 Serial 500  
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Author Baral N.; Stern, M.; Heinen, J.T. url 
  Title Integrated conservation and development project life cycles in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: Is development overpowering conservation? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Biodiversity Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 16 Issue (up) 10 Pages 2903-2917  
  Keywords annapurna; Biodiversity conservation; community-based; conservation; Gender; management; Nepal; protected area; development; project; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area  
  Abstract The merits of integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs), which aim to provide development incentives to citizens in return for conservation behaviors, have long been debated in the literature. Some of the most common critiques suggest that conservation activities tend to be strongly overpowered by development activities. We studied this assertion through participant observation and archival analysis of five Conservation Area Management Committees (CAMCs) in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal. Committee activities were categorized as conservation activities (policy development and conservation implementation), development activities (infrastructure, health care, education, economic development, and sanitation), or activities related to institutional strengthening (administrative development and capacity building activities). Greater longevity of each ICDP was associated with greater conservation activity in relation to development activities. Project life cycles progressed from a focus on development activities in their early stages, through a transitional period of institutional strengthening, and toward a longer-term focus that roughly balanced conservation and development activities. Results suggest that the ICDP concept, as practiced in ACA, has been successful at building capacity for and interest in conservation amongst local communities. However, success has come over a period of nearly a decade, suggesting that prior conclusions about ICDP failures may have been based on unrealistic expectations of the time needed to influence behavioral changes in target populations.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 938 Serial 117  
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Author Lutz, H.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; Fehr, D.; Leutenegger, C.; Hartmann, M.; Ossent, P.; Grob, M.; Elgizoli, M.; Weilenmann, P. url 
  Title Liberation of the wilderness of wild felids bred under human custody: Danger of release of viral infections Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Schweizer Archiv fuer Tierheilkunde Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 138 Issue (up) 12 Pages 579-585  
  Keywords endangered-species; European-Wild-Cat; Fiv; Fpv; Host; Human-Custody; infection; Pathogen; Reintroduction-Projects; Relocation-Projects; survival; Tibet; Veterinary-Medicine; Viral-Disease; Viral-Infection; Wild-Felid; Wild-Felid-Breeding; Wilderness-Liberation; Wildlife-Management; browse; endangered; species; european; wild; cat; Human; custody; reintroduction; project; relocation; veterinary; medicine; Viral; Disease; wild felid; breeding; wilderness; liberation; management; 690  
  Abstract There are several felidae amongst the numerous endangered species. Means of aiding survival are the reintroduction to the wild of animals bred under the auspices of man and their relocation from densely populated to thinly populated areas. It is unlikely that the dangers of such reintroduction or relocation projects have been examined sufficiently in respect to the risks of virus infections confronting individuals kept in zoos or similar situations. This report presents infections may be expected to occur when relo- three examples to illustrate that accidental virus cating and reintroducing wild cats. The first example is the reintroduction of captive snow leopards. Zoo bred snow leopards may be infected with FIV, a virus infection that is highly unlikely to occur in the original hirnalayan highlands of Tibet and China. A second example is of several cases of FIP that occured in European wild cats bred in groups in captivity. The third example mentioned is the relocation of hons from East Africa where all the commonly known feline viruses are wide-spread to the Etosha National Park. In the latter, virus infections such as FIV, FCV and FPV do not occur. The indiscriminate relocation and reintroduction of the wild cats mentioned here harbours a potential of undesirable consequences.  
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  Notes Document Type: German Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 287 Serial 629  
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Author Chen, P., Gao, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Cering, L., Shi, K., Clark, S. G. url 
  Title Human–carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: Patterns and compensation Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) 197 Pages 18-26  
  Keywords Conflict Compensation Human–carnivore coexistence Management Predation patterns Qomolangma Nature Reserve  
  Abstract Livestock depredation by large carnivores is frequently reported in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Seeking to minimize conflicts, we assessed depredation patterns and ways to upgrade the compensation program. We gathered 9193 conflict records over 2011–2013 to determine the extent and tempo-spatial patterns of the depredation.Weinterviewed 22 local officials and 94 residents to learn their views on depredations and to assess the adequacy of compensation. Data showed that wolves (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), and snowleopards (Panthera uncia)were themajor livestock predators. Total livestock

loss accounted for 1.2% of the entire stockholding (n=846,707) in the region. Wolves and lynx tended to take sheep and goats,whereas snowleopards favored yaks and cattle in relation to their proportional abundance. Predation mostly occurred in March through July. Livestock depredation by all predators when combined was best explained by terrain ruggedness and density of small- and large-bodied livestock. Temporal and spatial predation patterns variedamong carnivores.Most respondents (74%) attributed depredation causes to an increase in carnivore abundance. Only 7% blamed lax livestock herding practice for predation losses. Five percent said that

predation was the result of livestock population increases, while 11% had no idea. The compensation scheme was found to be flawed in all aspects—predation verification, application procedure, compensation standard, operational resource allocation, making payment, and other problems. To enhance management for human–carnivore coexistence, we recommend a problem-oriented, integrated, adaptive approach that targets the complex social context of the conflict and addresses the interconnected functions of decision-making process.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1435  
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