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Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. |
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Title |
Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins |
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1995 |
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Zoo Biology |
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14 |
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3 |
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223-237 |
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Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390 |
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An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations. |
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SLN @ rana @ 279 |
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345 |
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Machado, C.; Brown, P.; Turner, R. |
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Title |
Dental crown restorations on a snow leopard |
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Year |
1984 |
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Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine |
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15 |
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4 |
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146-150 |
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dentistry; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; captivity; browse; 1560 |
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In the spring of 1983 the San Francisco Zoo received a female snow leopard (Panthera uncia) as part of an exotic animal exchange program with the People's Republic of China. Upon examination, it was found that this nine-yea old, seventy-five pound, wild-trapped animal had sustained considerable dental injuries, including fractures of all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the dental procedures undertaken to restore the physiological function of all four canines. |
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Addresses:MACHADO C, SAN FRANCISCO ZOO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 74 |
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633 |
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Karesh, W.B.; Russell, R. |
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Ovarian dysgerminoma in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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1988 |
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Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine |
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19 |
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4 |
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223-225 |
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medicine; ovarian; Dysgerminoma; veterinary; medical; zoos; zoo; browse; 1520 |
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Addresses:KARESH WB, WOODLAND PK ZOOLOG GARDENS,5500 PHINNEY AVE N,SEATTLE,WA 98103UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV ANIM MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195 Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 115 |
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515 |
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Doster, A.R.; Armstrong, D.L.; Bargar, T.W. |
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Title |
Seminoma and parathyroid adenoma in a snow leopard (Panthera unica) |
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1989 |
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J Comp Pathol |
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100 |
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4 |
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475-480 |
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Adenoma: pathology: veterinary; Animal; Carnivora; Dysgerminoma; pathology; veterinary; Male; Microscopy; Electron; neoplasms; Multiple Primary; Parathyroid; Testicular Neoplasms; adenoma; multiple; primary; Testicular; browse; 250 |
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A seminoma and parathyroid adenoma were diagnosed in an aged snow leopard. The ultrastructural appearance of the seminoma was similar to that described in the dog and in man. The lack of significant amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and free ribosomes in the parathyroid adenoma suggested that it was non-functional. Parathyroid adenoma has not been previously described in a large wild feline. |
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0021-9975 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 142 |
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244 |
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Wack, R.F.; Kramer, L.W. |
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Title |
Multifocal osteomyelitis in a young snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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1995 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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26 |
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4 |
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553-563 |
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Antibacterial-Drug; Case-Study; diagnosis; Enrofloxacin; Pathophysiology; snow-leopard; veterinary; medical; osteomyelitis; snow leopard; antibacterial; drug; Case; study; snow; leopard; browse; 1370 |
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A 5-mo-old male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was presented for mild rear leg lameness. Osteomyelitis was suspected on the basis of radiographic changes and confirmed by histopathology of a biopsy sample from the affected bone. Aerobic cultures of the biopsies repeatedly grew Klebsiella oxytoca. Repeated anaerobic and fungal cultures did not result in growth. The leopard was treated unsuccessfully with cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfadiazine despite apparent in vitro sensitivity to these antibiotics. Successful resolution was eventually achieved with enrofloxacin, 7.5 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. for 60 days. The number of bones involved (right humerus, right and left ulna, right and left radius, right and left femur, right and left tibia, mandible, right metatarsus) made this an unusual presentation of osteomyelitis. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 277 |
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997 |
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Lanier, D.L.; Dewsbury, D.A. |
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A quantitative study of copulatory behaviour of large Felidae |
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1976 |
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Behavioural-Processes |
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1 |
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4 |
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327-333 |
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behavior; breeding; mating; copulation; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; reproduction; browse; 1590 |
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Observed a total of 109 copulations in 6 male-female pairs from 4 species of large Felidae. The mean intromission durations were 3.0 sec for Asian leopards (Panthera pardus), 3.3 sec for African leopards (P. pardus), 12.9 sec for snow leopards (Uncia uncia), 2.3 sec for spotted jaguars (P. onca), 3.3 sec for black jaguars (P. onca), and 12.4 sec for Siberian tigers (P. tigris). Behavioral patterns were qualitatively similar across species; all displayed a copulatory pattern with no lock, no intravaginal thrusting, ejaculation on a single insertion, and multiple ejaculations. Whereas domestic cats are reported to assume a neck grip and to tread prior to insertion, these larger Felidae generally did so after intromission had been achieved. After copulation, females of some pairs swiped at the male and displayed a rolling after-reaction. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned) |
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Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV. |
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SLN @ rana @ 32 |
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610 |
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Wildt, D.; Pukazhenthi, B.; Brown, J.; Monfort, S.; Howard, J.; Roth, T. |
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Title |
Spermatology for understanding, managing and conserving rare species |
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1995 |
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Reproduction Fertility and Development |
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7 |
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4 |
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811-824 |
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Assisted-Reproduction; Cryopreservation; reproduction; zoo; medical; veterinary; spermatology; genetics; browse; assisted; 1380 |
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Most conventional spermatology research involves common mammalian species including livestock, laboratory animals and humans. Yet, there are more than 4500 mammalian species inhabiting the planet for which little is known about basic reproductive biology, including sperm characteristics and function. This information is important, not just as adjunct knowledge, but because the majority of these species are threatened with extinction, largely due to human-induced pressures. The field of conservation is changing rapidly, and global cooperation is emerging among a variety of wildlife enthusiasts, ranging from management authorities of nature reserves to curators of rare zoological collections. Conservation progress depends on systematic, multidisciplinary research first to answer basic questions, with new data then applied to endangered species management plans. The reproductive physiologist is a crucial component of this scheme. Reproduction is the essence of species survival, and enormous effort needs to be directed at these 'untraditional' research species, subspecies and populations. Spermatology research combined with simultaneous efforts in endocrinology, embryology and cryopreservation (among others) can lead to the successful application of assisted reproduction. Examples from this laboratory include an array of wild felid species and a rare cervid and mustelid. Obstacles to success are formidable, including unique species-specificities, diminished genetic diversity and a general lack of resources. Nonetheless, the field offers tremendous opportunities for generating unique knowledge of comparative interest and with conservation utility. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 278 |
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1024 |
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Maity, B.; Chakraborty, G.; Pradhan, K.K. |
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Title |
Toxocariasis in snow leopard (Panthera unica) |
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1994 |
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Indian Veterinary Journal |
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71 |
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5 |
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499-501 |
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toxocariasis; India; captivity; zoo; medical; medicine; veterinary; browse; 1410 |
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Spontaneous occurrence of toxocariasis (Toxocaracati) in captive snow leopards with symptoms of diarrhoea, general malaise, letherapy, dehydration, partial or complete anorexia, vomiting with or without expulsion of the ascarid is reported. Response to anthelmintic drug pyrantal pamoate along with antibacterial drug sulphadimethyl pyrimidine and supportive therapy is recorded. |
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SLN @ rana @ 238 |
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639 |
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Kleinman, M.S.; Garman, R.H. |
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An endoscopic approach to a snow leopard |
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1978 |
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Gastroenterology |
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74 |
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6 |
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1348 |
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Animal; Bezoars; veterinary; Carnivora; Cats; Esophagoscopy; Male; browse; 370 |
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0016-5085 |
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SLN @ rana @ 47 |
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536 |
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Karesh, W.B.; Kunz, L.L. |
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Bilateral testicular seminoma in a snow leopard |
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1986 |
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J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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189 |
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9 |
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1201 |
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Animal; Carnivora; Case Report; Dysgerminoma; pathology; veterinary; Male; Testicular; neoplasms; Testis; browse; 300 |
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0003-1488 |
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SLN @ rana @ 98 |
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514 |
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