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| Author | Heiz A.V. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and its protection | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 3 | Issue  |
Pages | 92-93 | |
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; number; decline; mountain ungulates; livestock; hunting; propaganda; protection.; 6870; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | In the year 1970, the quantity of snow leopards in Kyrgyzstan was defined as 1,300 animals, while in the years to follow 1,600 animals were recorded. A snow leopard population has significantly decreased since recently because of intense extermination of snow leopard's prey ungulates, particularly ibex. In some areas of the Kyrgyz ridge livestock is growing in number thus affecting snow leopard population. It is extremely rare that snow leopard would attack livestock. Snow leopards can be caught under special license. Educational and awareness work among shepherds and hunters residing in the mountainous area of the country needs to be improved. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammal species of the USSR and their protection. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 665 | Serial | 380 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Henschel, P.; Ray, J. | ||||
| Title | Leopards in African Rainforests: Survey and Monitoring Techniques | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | |||
| Keywords | forest leopards; african rainforests; survey; monitoring techniques; lope reserve; gabon; central africa; congo; zaire; field testing; populations; wild meat; relative abundance; density; live-trapping; presence and absense surveys; ad-hoc survey; bushmeat; systematic survey; monitoring; individual identification; tracks; Discriminant Function Analysis; genotyping; scat; Hair; Dna; remote photography; camera trapping; capture rates; Trailmaster; Camtrakker; bait; duikers; pigs; elephant; bongo; okapi; human hunters; 5300 | ||||
| Abstract | Monitoring Techniques Forest leopards have never been systematically surveyed in African forests, in spite of their potentially vital ecological role as the sole large mammalian predators in these systems. Because leopards are rarely seen in this habitat, and are difficult to survey using the most common techniques for assessing relative abundances of forest mammals, baseline knowledge of leopard ecology and responses to human disturbance in African forests remain largely unknown. This technical handbook sums up the experience gained during a two-year study of leopards by Philipp Henschel in the Lop‚ Reserve in Gabon, Central Africa, in 2001/2002, supplemented by additional experience from carnivore studies conducted by Justina Ray in southwestern Central African Republic and eastern Congo (Zaire) . The main focus of this effort has been to develop a protocol that can be used by fieldworkers across west and central Africa to estimate leopard densities in various forest types. In developing this manual, Henschel tested several indirect methods to assess leopard numbers in both logged and unlogged forests, with the main effort devoted to testing remote photography survey methods developed for tigers by Karanth (e.g., Karanth 1995, Karanth & Nichols 1998; 2000; 2002), and modifying them for the specific conditions characterizing African forest environments. This handbook summarizes the results of the field testing, and provides recommendations for techniques to assess leopard presence/absence, relative abundance, and densities in African forest sites. We briefly review the suitability of various methods for different study objectives and go into particular detail on remote photography survey methodology, adapting previously developed methods and sampling considerations specifically to the African forest environment. Finally, we briefly discuss how camera trapping may be used as a tool to survey other forest mammals. Developing a survey protocol for African leopards is a necessary first step towards a regional assessment and priority setting exercise targeted at forest leopards, similar to those carried out on large carnivores in Asian and South American forests. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Wildlife Conservation Society | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 515 | Serial | 382 | ||
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| Author | Hol, E.H.; Marden, T.B.; Roelke, M.E. | ||||
| Title | The importance of ecotoxicological research in management of the snow leopard: lessons learned from the Florida panther | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 113-125 | ||
| Keywords | ecotoxicological; contaminants; pollution; habitat; health; browse; 3310; research; management; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox and D.Jizeng |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 226 | Serial | 387 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R.; Freeman, H.; Hillard, D. | ||||
| Title | Project snow leopard: a model for conserving central Asia biodiversity | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 247-252 | ||
| Keywords | conservation; habitat; Himalaya; parks; reserves; park; reserve; refuge; survey; methods; Slims; education; protected-area; anthropogenic-degradation; asia; China; Bhutan; India; Pakistan; Nepal; Afghanistan; Mongolia; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; Kazakhstan; Kirghizstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Project-snow-leopard; network; preybase; Islt; Usfws; Ners; Information-Network; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; anthropogenic; degradation; soviet; union; project; snow; leopard; international snow leopard trust; information; 2660 | ||||
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| Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 220 | Serial | 395 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hussain, I. | ||||
| Title | Conserving Biodiversity through Institutional Diversity: Concept Paper | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Pages | |||
| Keywords | Iunc; status; distribution; Baltistan; Pakistan; herders; farmers; conservation; killing; poaching; conflict; livestock; predator; prey; retaliatory-killing; economy; corral; capture; trapping; Project-snow-leopard; ecotourism; tourism; compensation; markhor; trekking; browse; retaliatory; 3910 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 362 | Serial | 397 | ||
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| Author | Hussain, S. | ||||
| Title | Nature and Human Nature: Conservation, Values and Snow Leopard | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; nature; Human; environment; environmental; conservation; conserving; conserve; economic; incentives; cbc; 4940 | ||||
| Abstract | The failure of top-down environmental conservation practices gave rise to the so-called `Community Based Conservation' or CBC approach. CBC promises to achieve the dual goals of conserving nature and improving peoples' livelihoods. CBC programs also aim to involve local communities as active partners in conservation efforts, and to use traditional knowledge and local values in management of resources (Adams & Hulme 2001; Agrawal & Gibson 1999). There are variations between different CBC programs; however, the underlying rationale of the approach, common to all programs, is that introducing or changing economic incentives into the conservation calculus of local people will bring about the behavioural change necessary for successful conservation (Kellert et al 2000). Thus, the major emphasis in CBC programs is conserving nature based on its utilitarian value. Since utilitarian value is measured in terms of economics, hence the emphasis of CBCs on economic incentives in promoting conservation. Recent evaluation of the CBC approach has shown that while local people may have benefited in economic terms from the use of nature, no tangible improvements in biodiversity conservation have occurred (Kellert et al 2000; Terborgh 1999). The disappointing performance of CBC programs, which promised so much and yet have failed in practice to deliver, has recently lead to a resurgence of the protectionist approach, calling for a renewed separation between the conservation and human development objectives (Redford & Sanderson 2000; Terborgh 1999; Oats 1999). Others, however, believe that the CBC approach has enormous potential, and that a return to protectionist strategies would be disastrous, like `reinventing the square wheel' (Brechin 2001; Wilhusen 2001). It is crucial that the flaws in the CBC approach are remedied if there is to be any hope of a conservation agenda that does not conflict with the needs, aspirations and interests of local people, and that therefore has a chance of having a long term, sustainable conservation outcome. |
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 480 | Serial | 400 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hussain, S. | ||||
| Title | The status of the snow leopard in Pakistan and its conflict with local farmers | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 37 | Issue |
Pages | 26-33 | |
| Keywords | Central Karakorum,farmer-wildlife conflict; livestock predation,snow leopard,Uncia uncia,; Western Himalayas. | ||||
| Abstract | Between 1998 and 2001 I carried out surveys in four areas in the Baltistan district of the Northern Areas of Pakistan to estimate the population of the snow leopard and to examine the threats to its future conservation. I estimate that a total of 36-50 snow leopards are present in the areas surveyed. Based on the availability of suitable snow leopard habitat and of its prey species, I estimate that 90-120 snow leopards are potentially present in Baltistan and 300-420 throughout its range within Pakistan's borders. Although this estimate is higher than extrapolations based on earlier surveys, the long-term future of the snow leopard is under threat. This is mainly due to retaliatory killings by farmers, and poaching for pelts and other body parts. Species-focused conservation policies, particularly those targeting ungulates for the promotion of trophy hunting, may constitute an additional threat to snow leopard conservation in the region. However, all forms of threats to the snow leopard in Baltistan appear to emanate from the relatively poor economic conditions of the local people. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 898 | Serial | 401 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ikeda, N. | ||||
| Title | Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Environmental Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 31 | Issue |
Pages | 322-330 | |
| Keywords | herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage. | ||||
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| Notes | Full article not available on SLN bibliography due to copyright concerns. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 906 | Serial | 402 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Inayat, S. | ||||
| Title | Role of Women In Conservation of Snow Leopard In Pakistan | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Pages | |||
| Keywords | snow; leopard; women; womens; conservation; conflict; herders; economic; loss; Pakistan; Female; 4950 | ||||
| Abstract | Generally speaking, men and women are the two wheels of the same vehicle. Women's participation and involvement in the conservation of snow leopards is as indispensable as it is to any other discipline. Unfortunately, their dual role was not exploited and so the involvement of women in nature conservation is considered almost inappropriate and not up to the mark. Mountainous people still live with their centuries old traditions and culture. Although with the passage of time they are leaning towards modernization, still most of them are associated with the centuries-old tradition of keeping livestock. These people take their livestock to the pastures and thus share in the snow leopard's habitat. A large number of livestock grazing in the snow leopard's habitat attracts this opportunistic animal to attack domestic animals. This is the point where the conflict between snow leopards and livestock owners starts, with the snow leopard killed in retaliation. Snow leopard depredation causes economic losses to the herders and women, being the managers of the house, take the maximum impact. Keeping this fact in view, a study was undertaken in the two demonstration sites of the snow leopard project in Chitral and Gilgit. A specific questionnaire was used and information was collected from all the women herders in the two demo sites. The study revealed that women have positive attitudes toward and feel love for this precious animal. |
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 481 | Serial | 404 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ishunin G.I. | ||||
| Title | Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1961 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 3. | Issue |
Pages | 127-131 | |
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 666 | Serial | 412 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||