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| Author | Johansson, O., Rauset, G. R., Samelius, G., McCarthy, T., Andren, H., Tumursukh, L., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Land sharing is essential for snow leopard conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue  |
203 | Pages | 1-7 | |
| Keywords | Home range, LoCoH, Mongolia, Panthera uncial, Protected areas, Land sparing | ||||
| Abstract | Conserving large carnivores in an increasingly crowded planet raises difficult challenges. A recurring debate is whether large carnivores can be conserved in human used landscapes (land sharing) or whether they require specially designated areas (land sparing). Here we show that 40% of the 170 protected areas in the global range of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are smaller than the home range of a single adult male and only 4– 13% are large enough for a 90% probability of containing 15 or more adult females. We used data from 16 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars in the Tost Mountains of South Gobi, Mongolia, to calculate home range size and overlap using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel utility distributions (Kernel), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Local convex hull home ranges were smaller and included lower proportions of unused habitats compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and Kernels. Intra-sexual home range overlapwas low, especially for adult males, suggesting that snowleopards are territorial. Mean home range size based on the LoCoH estimates was 207 km2 ± 63 SD for adult males and 124 km2 ± 41 SD for adult females. Our estimates were 6–44 times larger than earlier estimates based on VHF technology when comparing similar estimators, i.e. MCP. Our study illustrates that protected areas alone will not be able to conserve predatorswith large home ranges and conservationists and managers should not restrict their efforts to land sparing. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1446 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopards (Panthera- uncia) in Nepal – home range and movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | National Geographic Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 5 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 161-175 |
| Keywords | Nepal; asia; home-range; movements; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; home; range; home range; panthera; panthera uncia; uncia; 840 | ||||
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| Notes | Addresses:JACKSON R, CALIF INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,SNOW LEOPARD PROJECT,910 K ST,DAVIS,CA 95616 Publisher:NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC, WASHINGTON Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 128 | Serial | 441 | ||
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| Author | Oli, M.K. | ||||
| Title | Seasonal patterns in habitat use of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) in Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Mammalia | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 60 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 187-193 |
| Keywords | blue-sheep; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; conservation; prey; predator; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; panthera; uncia; 670 | ||||
| Abstract | Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the main prey of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) as well as an important game species in Nepal. A knowledge of how blue sheep utilize their habitat is essential for the scientific management of the sheep and for the conservation of the snow leopard, but we only have a limited understanding of this aspect of blue sheep ecology. I studied the habitat use pattern of blue sheep by direct observation in the Anna-purna Conservation Area, Nepal where they occur sympatrically with the snow leopard. The sheep used grassland habitats more frequently during pre-parturition (spring) and post-parturition (autumn) than other habitat types, but scrub and grassland habitats were used equally frequently during the rut (winter). The sheep used smooth undulating slopes of medium steepness (<40 degrees) on southerly aspects within the elevation range of 4,200-4,600 m most frequently in all seasons, and there was no evidence of seasonal migration along the elevation gradient. When not in broken landforms (e.g., cliff, landslides), the sheep maintained proximity (less than or equal to 150 m) to such features suggesting their importance as escape cover (i.e., from predators). The use of habitat components by blue sheep appeared to be related to the distribution of foraging areas and escape cover. | ||||
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| Notes | UNIV EDINBURGH,INST CELL ANIM & POPULAT BIOL,EDINBURGH EH9 3JT,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLANDANNAPURNA CONSERVAT AREA PROJECT,KATMANDU,NEPAL /Publisher:MUSEUM NAT HIST NATURELLE, PARIS Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 289 | Serial | 751 | ||
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| Author | Yu, N.Z.C.; Wang, X.; He, G.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Lu, W.; Tang, F. | ||||
| Title | A revision of genus Uncia Gray, 1854 based on mitochondrial DNA restriction site maps | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Acta Theriologica Sinica | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 16 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 105-108 |
| Keywords | taxonomy; uncia; panthera; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1350; Chinese | ||||
| Abstract | The Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is one of the most threatened wild big cats within its range of distribution, however, the question of its systematic status is a matter of debate. Is it a member of genus Panthera, or is it in its own genus (Uncia)? The analysis of genetic difference at the DNA level may provide useful data to clarify the issue. In the present study, ten hexanucleotide-specific restriction endonucleases were used to evaluate the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation between the Snow leopard and leopard (P. pardus). The molecular size of mtDNA from the two species was about 16.5 kb. Ten enzymes surveyed 32-34 restriction sites, which corresponded to 192 apprx 204 base pairs, or 1.16% apprx 1.24% of the total mtDNA molecule. A total of 45 restriction sites were mapped; of these sites, twenty-four, which correspond to 53.3% of the total sites, were variable. The sequence divergence between them was 0.075 33, which was undoubtedly in the species-level distinction but did not reach the genus level. Therefore, the Snow leopard should be placed in the genus Panthera rather than in its own ganus. It also seems reasonable to recognize Uncia as a valid subgenus. This conclusion not only support but also supplement the viewpoint of Simpson who treated Uncia as a subgenus within Panthera. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: Chinese | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 295 | Serial | 1063 | ||
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| Author | Sharma, R. K., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 201 | Publication | Biological Conservatio | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
190 | Pages | 8-13 | |
| Keywords | Panthera uncia, Trans-Himalaya, Pastoralism, Large carnivores, Livestock grazing, Co-existence | ||||
| Abstract | Large carnivores commonly prey on livestock when their ranges overlap. Pastoralism is the dominant land use type across the distributional range of the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia. Snow leop- ards are often killed in retaliation against livestock depredation. Whether livestock, by forming an alter- native prey, could potentially benefit snow leopards, or, whether livestock use of an area is detrimental to snow leopards is poorly understood. We examined snow leopard habitat use in a multiple use landscape that was comprised of sites varying in livestock abundance, wild prey abundance and human population size. We photographically sampled ten sites (average size 70 sq. km) using ten camera traps in each site, deployed for a period of 60 days. Snow leopard habitat use was computed as a Relative Use Index based on the total independent photographic captures and the number of snow leopard individuals captured at each site. We quantified livestock abundance, wild prey abundance, human population size and terrain ruggedness in each of the sites. Key variables influencing snow leopard habitat use were identified using Information Theory based model selection approach. Snow leopard habitat use was best explained by wild prey density, and showed a positive linear relationship with the abundance of wild ungulates. We found a hump-shaped relationship between snow leopard habitat use and livestock stocking density, with an initial increase in habitat use followed by a decline beyond a threshold of livestock density. Our results suggest that in the absence of direct persecution of snow leopards, livestock grazing and snow leopard habitat use are potentially compatible up to a certain threshold of livestock density, beyond which habitat use declines, presumably due to depressed wild ungulate abundance and associated anthropogenic disturbance. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1426 | ||
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| Author | Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
| Keywords | Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1410 | ||
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| Author | Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
| Keywords | Bone, Pelt,Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1411 | ||
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| Author | Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000- 2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
| Keywords | Bone Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1412 | ||
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| Author | Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Poaching and Trade in China 2000-2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
| Keywords | Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1414 | ||
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| Author | Chetri, M, Odden, M., Sharma, K., Flagstad, O., Wegge, P | ||||
| Title | Estimating snow leopard density using fecal DNA in a large landscape in north-central Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
17 | Pages | 1-8 | |
| Keywords | Panthera uncia, Density, Annapurna-Manaslu landscape, Noninvasive, Spatial scale | ||||
| Abstract | Although abundance estimates have a strong bearing on the conservation status of a species, less than 2% of the global snow leopard distribution range has been sampled systematically, mostly in small survey areas. In order to estimate snow leopard density across a large landscape, we collected 347 putative snow leopard scats from 246 transects (490 km) in twenty-six 5 5km sized sampling grid cells within 4393 km2 in Annapurna- Manaslu, Nepal. From 182 confirmed snow leopard scats, 81 were identified as belonging to 34 individuals; the remaining were discarded for their low (<0.625) quality index. Using maximum likelihood based spatial capture recapture analysis, we developed candidate model sets to test effects of various covariates on density and detection of scats on transects. The best models described the variation in density as a quadratic function of elevation and detection as a linear function of topography. The average density estimate of snow leopards for the area of interest within Nepal was 0.95 (SE 0.19) animals per 100 km2 (0.66e1.41 95% CL) with predicted densities varying between 0.1 and 1.9 in different parts, thus highlighting the heterogeneity in densities as a function of habitat types. Our density estimate was low compared to previous estimates from smaller study areas. Probably, estimates from some of these areas were inflated due to locally high abundances in overlap zones (hotspots) of neighboring individuals, whose territories probably range far beyond study area borders. Our results highlight the need for a large-scale approach in snow leopard monitoring, and we recommend that methodological problems related to spatial scale are taken into account in future snow leopard research. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1478 | ||
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