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Author |
Sangay, T.; Vernes, K. |
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Title |
Human-wildlife conflict in the Kingdom of Bhutan: Patterns of livestock predation by large mammalian carnivores |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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141 |
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1272-1282 |
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Keywords |
bear; Bhutan; compensation; conflict; Himalayas; leopard; livestock; predation; snow leopard; tiger |
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Abstract |
We examined predation activity throughout Bhutan by tiger (Panthera tigris), common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) on a variety of livestock types using data gathered over the first two years (2003-2005) of a compensation scheme for livestock losses. One thousand three hundred and seventy five kills were documented, with leopards killing significantly more livestock (70% of all kills),
than tigers (19%), bears (8%) and snow leopards (2%). About 50% of livestock killing were of cattle, and about 33% were of horses, with tigers, leopards and snow leopards killing a significantly greater proportion of horses than predicted from availability. Examination of cattle kills showed that leopards killed a significantly greater proportion of smaller prey (e.g., calves), whereas tigers killed a significantly greater proportion of larger prey (e.g., bulls). Overall, livestock predation was greatest in summer and autumn which corresponded with a peak in cropping agriculture; livestock are turned out to pasture and forest during the cropping season, and subsequently, are less well guarded than at other times. Across Bhutan, high horse density and low cattle and yak density were associated with high rates of livestock attack, but no relationship was found with forest cover or human population density. Several northern districts were identified as 'predation hotspots', where proportions of livestock lost to predation were considerable, and the ratio of reported kills to relative abundance of livestock was high. Implications of our findings for mitigating livestock losses and for conserving large carnivores in Bhutan are discussed. |
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SLN @ rana @ 903 |
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842 |
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Author |
Sayer, J.A. |
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Title |
The conservation of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in Afghanistan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
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55-61 |
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Afghanistan; status; distribution; browse; 2490 |
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Outlines status and distribution as well as recent sightings of snow leopard in Afganastan |
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SLN @ rana @ 53 |
Serial |
849 |
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Author |
Schacter, A.; Fitzgerald, K.; Doherty, J. |
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Title |
Development of a snow leopard with and away from mother and siblings in the first six months |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
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Pages |
112-126 |
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Keywords |
development; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; International; pedigree; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1093 |
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850 |
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Author |
Schaller, G. |
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Title |
Mountain Mammals |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1977 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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146-159 |
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snow leopard |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Book chapter. University of Chicago Press. |
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SLN @ rana @ 928 |
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852 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Imperiled phantom of Asian peaks |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
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National Geographic |
Abbreviated Journal |
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140 |
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702-707 |
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conservation; Pakistan; baiting; browse; 2210 |
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Brief description of succssful baiting, with a domestic goat and photographing a wild snow leopard in Northern Pakistan. |
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First photographs of snow leopards in the wild |
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SLN @ rana @ 22 |
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859 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B.; Mirza, Z.B. |
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Title |
On the behaviour of Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Mammalia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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35 |
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Pages |
548-566 |
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Keywords |
predator; prey; Kashmir; browse; 2270 |
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Notes snow leopard as main predator in Pakistan study area. Describes content of some snow leopard droppings |
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SLN @ rana @ 25 |
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860 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
On the behaviour of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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69 |
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523-537 |
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predator; prey; hunting; scat; blue-sheep; Nepal; blue; sheep; browse; 2230 |
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Two or three snow leopards hunted in the study area in eastern Nepal. Describes content of some snow leopard scat |
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SLN @ rana @ 24 |
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862 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Mountain mammals in Pakistan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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13 |
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351-356 |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; Chitral-Gol; status; distribution; hunting; poaching; hunters; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; chitral gol; chitral; protected area; protected; area; 2240 |
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Four or five snow leopards were present in 300 sq km of Chitral District in 1974. Six snow leopards were shot in vicinity of Chitral Gol in winter of 1971-1972, and at least one the next year. Estimates fewer then 250 snow leopards in Pakistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 33 |
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863 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya (Wildlife Behavior & Ecology) |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1977 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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146-159 |
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Keywords |
sheep; goats; Pakistan; Nepal; marking; spraying; scrapes; sprays; behavior; predator; prey; browse; 2250; mountain; wild; wild sheep; goat; Himalaya; wildlife; ecology |
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Abstract |
Describes snow leopard status and field observations from studies in Pakistan and Nepal. Review provides some data on snow leopard marking behavior, social relations, food habits and predator behavior. |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
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SLN @ rana @ 39 |
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864 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Stones of Silence: Journeys in the Himalaya |
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Book Whole |
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1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Himalaya; Pakistan; behavior; browse; 2260 |
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Anecdotal description of wildlife field studies in the Himalaya, including information on snow leopard natural history and an encounter with snow leopards in Pakistan. |
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Viking Press |
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New York |
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SLN @ rana @ 63 |
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865 |
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