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| Author | Kovshar A.F. | ||||
| Title | Preservation of gene pool of rare and endangered animal species | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue  |
Pages | 100-107 | ||
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; gene pool; rare species; mammals; ungulates; carnivores; snow leopard; rodents; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes.; 7360; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The rare species are protected in six nature reserves in Kazakhstan, including 9 mammals, 29 birds, and one reptile species. More than 20 rare and endangered species inhabiting Kazakhstan cannot be met within the nature reserves. The point is to establish a network of state nature reserves, particularly in steppe and desert area of the country. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The nature conservation in Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 714 | Serial | 581 | ||
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| Author | Linnell, J.; Swenson, J.; Landa A.; and Kvam, T. | ||||
| Title | Methods for monitoring European large carnivores – A worldwide review of relevant experience | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | NINA Oppdragsmelding | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 549 | Issue |
Pages | 1-38 | |
| Keywords | carnivore; monitoring; census; bear; Lynx; wolf; wolverine; 5310 | ||||
| Abstract | Against a background of recovering large carnivore populations in Norway, and many other areas of Europe, it is becoming increasingly important to develop methods to monitor their populations. A variety of parameters can monitored depending on objectives. These parameters include: presence/absense, distribution, population trend indices, minimum counts, statistical estimates of population size, reproductive parameters and health/condition. Three broad categories of monitoring techniques can be recognised each with increasing levels of fieldwork required. The first category includes those techniques that do not require original fieldwork. The second category involves fieldwork, but where individually recognisable carnivores are not available. The third category includes methods where fieldwork has recognisable individuals available. Different mehtods tend to have been used for different species, mainly because of limitations imposed by the different species' ecology. The most precise estimates of population size have been obtained in research projects with relatively small study sites and with the help of radio-telemetry. However, it may be difficult, or impossible, to apply these methods over large monitoring areas. Therefore, in terms of practical management, a combination of minimum counts, supported by an independent index may be more useful than statistical population estimates. All methods should be subject to a careful design process, and power analysis should be conducted to determine the sensitivity of the method to detect changes. Based on the review of over 200 papers and reports we recommend a package of complementary monitoring methods for brown bear, wolverine, lynx and wolf in Norway. These include the use of observations from the public and reports of predation on livestock to determine broad patterns of distribution, and an index based on hunter observations per hunting day, for all four species. Minimum counts of reproductive units, natal dens, family groups, and packs, should be obtained from snow-tracking for wolverines, lynx and wolves respectively. In addition a track-count index should be obtained for wolverines and lynx. As much data as possible should be obtained of lynx and wolvereines killed in the annual harvest. Brown bears will be difficult to monitor without the use of radio-telemetry, therfore they may require periodic telemetry based, mark-recapture studies. Such a program can easily be constructed within existing central and regional wildlife management structures, but will require extensive involvement from hunters. |
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 516 | Serial | 622 | ||
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| Author | Kashkarov D.N. | ||||
| Title | Order Carnivora- Carnivores. Family Felidae-Cats | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1932 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 392-393 | ||
| Keywords | Turkestan; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard; distribution; biology; preys.; 7090; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopard inhabits Tien Shan, Pamir, Bukhara and possibly Kopet-dag, as well as the Altai, Tibet, and northern slopes of the Himalayas. It preys on ibex, wild sheep, roe deer, hare, keklik (partridge), snow-cock and porcupine and sometimes attacks livestock. Snow leopard is not considered a dangerous animal since even being wounded, it would escape from men and could only rush to the attack when deadlocked. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Turkestan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 687 | Serial | 520 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Bagchi, S. | ||||
| Title | Living with large carnivores: predation on livestock by the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 1-8 | ||
| Keywords | large; carnivores; carnivore; predation; livestock; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock predation by large carnivores and their retaliatory persecution by pastoralists are worldwide conservation concerns. Poor understanding of the ecological and social underpinnings of this human-wildlife conflict hampers effective conflict management programs. The endangered snow leopard Uncia uncia is involved in conflict with people across its mountainous range in South and Central Asia, where pastoralism is the predominant land use, and is widely persecuted in retaliation. We examined human-snow leopard conflict at two sites in the Spiti region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, where livestock outnumber wild ungulates, and the conflict is acute. We quantified the snow leopard's dependence on livestock by assessing its diet in two sites that differed in the relative abundance of livestock and wild ungulates. We also surveyed the indigenous Buddhist community's attitudes towards the snow leopard in these two sites. Our results show a relatively high dependence of snow leopards on livestock. A higher proportion of the snow leopard's diet (58%) was livestock in the area with higher livestock (29.7 animals km^2) and lower wild ungulate abundance (2.1-3.1 bharal Pseudois nayaurkm^2), compared with 40% of diet in the area with relatively lower livestock (13.9km^2) and higher wild ungulate abundance (4.5-7.8 ibex Capra ibexkm^2). We found that the community experiencing greater levels of livestock losses was comparatively more tolerant towards the snow leopard. This discrepancy is explained by the presence of a conservation-incentive program at the site, and by differences in economic roles of livestock between these two communities. The former is more dependent on cash crops as a source of income while the latter is more dependent on livestock, and thereby less tolerant of the snow leopard. These data have implications for conflict management strategies. They indicate that the relative densities of livestock and wild prey may be reasonable predictors of the extent of predation by the snow leopard. However, this by itself is not an adequate measure of the intensity of conflict even in apparently similar cultural settings. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 862 | Serial | 696 | ||
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| Author | Chapron, G. | ||||
| Title | Re-wilding: other projects help carnivores stay wild | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 437 | Issue |
Pages | 318 | |
| Keywords | Acinonyx jubatus, carnivore, coexistence, conservation, damage prevention, Panthera leo, snow leopard, survival, Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Letter to Nature Editor, in response to: In their plea for bringing Pleistocene wildlife to the New World (“Re-wilding North America” Nature 436, 913–914; 2005), Josh Donlan and colleagues do not discuss successful efforts to ensure long-term survival of large carnivores in Africa and Asia. A few examples are given. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1114 | ||
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| Author | Sheikin A.O. | ||||
| Title | Fleas of the carnivores of Kazakhstan (preliminary results of the data 1970-1888) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 353-361 | ||
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; carnivores; ectoparasites; fleas; snow leopard.; 8130; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The analysis of the data of national collection of Parasitological museum of Kazakh Antiplague Institute on ectoparasites from 12 species of carnivores that can be found in Kazakhstan: caracal, snow leopard, ermine, mountain weasel etc. helped to determine the species of fleas and their hosts specialization. Fleas were found on 57 animals/ 50 species of fleas were found, which can be specified to 23 genera, the total number is 525. The specific ones for the carnivores are 6 species fleas. The very low density of ectoparasites was indicated for caracal and snow leopard. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 791 | Serial | 882 | ||
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| Author | Sokov A.I. | ||||
| Title | About rare carnivores of Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 97-102 | ||
| Keywords | Tajikistan; Pamir; conservation; rare species; carnivores; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 8210; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The data on distribution of 10 species of rare carnivores in Tajikistan are given. Uncia uncia uncia inhabits in high mountain regions of Central Tajikistan and Mountain-Badakhshan province. Tajikistan has banned the hunting of snow leopard since 1968. Author proposes to establish of nature reserves in Eastern Pamir in Aksay and Modur, in basin of Istyk river as well as in area from Matcha village to Zeravshan glacier including Southern Turkestan ridge and Northern Zeravshan ridge for purpose of snow leopard conservation. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of USSR fauna. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 799 | Serial | 912 | ||
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| Author | Sokov A.I. | ||||
| Title | Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 3. | Issue |
Pages | 27-29 | |
| Keywords | Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 800 | Serial | 913 | ||
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| Author | Ismagilov M.I. | ||||
| Title | Protection of rare mammals in Kazakhstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 230-232 | ||
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; nature reserves; mammals; rare species; ungulates; carnivores; rodents; insectivores; bats; snow leopard.; 6990; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The following rare mammals can be found in nature reserves of Kazakhstan: argali, goitered gazelle, kulan, snow leopard, stone marten, Tien Shan brown bear, manul, Turkistan lynx, Menzbier's marmot, and porcupine. The rest of rare mammal species (three insectivorous species, seven rodent, eight predator, and two ungulate species) are outside of protected areas and require special protection measures. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Population variability of species, and mammal gene bank conservation problems. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 677 | Serial | 424 | ||
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| Author | Filonov K.F. | ||||
| Title | Large terrestrial mammals in the reserves of Russia: their status and prospects of conservation | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 343-348 | ||
| Keywords | Russia; nature reserves; large mammals; carnivores; ungulates; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 6680; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The authors make an analysis of fauna of large mammals in 68 nature reserves. There are 10 carnivores and 17 ungulates. Wolf, brown bear, wolverine and lynx appeared to be more widely spread. Dhole, snow leopard, tiger, Himalayan bear have limited distribution and low density. Hey have recorded in a few nature reserves. Among the ungulates wild boar, musk deer, red deer, roe deer, moose, reindeer and aurochs are more widely spread. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status of mammal fauna in Russian and adjoining states. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 646 | Serial | 276 | ||
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| Author | Sosnovskiy I.P. | ||||
| Title | Backstage of the Zoo | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 52-79 | ||
| Keywords | Russia; Moscow Zoo; zootechnik service; veterinary service; reptiles; birds; mammals; carnivores; snow leopard.; 8300; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It describes the Moscow Zoo services organization in a popular form; examples from every day work of the technical staff and zoo technical and veterinary service, animals' behaviour outside the cages are given. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Live museums. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 808 | Serial | 916 | ||
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| Author | Elkin K.F. | ||||
| Title | Predatory mammals in the Eastern Kazakhstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 34-36 | ||
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; carnivores; snow leopard.; 6530; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | There are 20 predatory mammal species in eastern Kazakhstan, three of which disappeared (tiger, dhole, raccoon), five are endangered (snow leopard, wild cat, manul, marbled polecat, and stone marten). Snow leopard is not met in the South Altai and Tarbagatai each year. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 631 | Serial | 252 | ||
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| Author | Vashetko E.V. | ||||
| Title | On the fauna of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting Hissar Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue 1. | Issue |
Pages | 35-43 | |
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; fauna; vertebrates; amphibians; reptiles; mammals; lizards; snakes; insectivores; bats; carnivores; ungulates; rodents; lagomorphs; species composition; biodiversity assessment; snow leopard.; 8460; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The data on the species composition, numbers and distribution of the terrestrial vertebrates over territory Hissar nature reserve are discussed. About 60 species of amphibians, reptiles and mammals have been recorded in the reserve as a result of our own researches and the analyses of communication. There were recorded 5-7 individuals of snow leopard in Kyzylsu site of nature reserve and 15 individuals in Miraki site of nature reserve in 1979-1981. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 823 | Serial | 981 | ||
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| Author | Dementiev G.P. | ||||
| Title | Quadrupeds inhabitants of the mountains | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 110-116 | ||
| Keywords | asia; mountain fauna; endemics; species range; rodents; ungulates; carnivores; marmots; pikas; voles; ibex; mountain sheep; snow leopard.; 6480; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | All species inhabiting the highlands of Asia are normally referred to as herbivorous or predators. A majority of alpine land species (rodents and ungulates) feeds upon leaves, stalks, and roots of plants. Among widely distributed highland species the most interesting are marmots, red pica, grey vole, argali, and ibex. Argali and ibex are preyed on by snow leopards. There are reasons to believe that these mountain animal species are more ancient than their cognates in a plain. All the way from Central Asia to Europe, species belonging to the eastern and western fauna complexes are observed to interpenetrate. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In severe cold and heat. (Animal and landscape). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 626 | Serial | 235 | ||
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| Author | Zakirov A. | ||||
| Title | Rare and endangered predatory species in Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 47-48 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; carnivores; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8690; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | There are 20 predatory mammal species in Uzbekistan. Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, lynx, and snow leopard are very rare species, while honey badger, manul and leopard are close to dying-away. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology of mountain mammals. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 846 | Serial | 1071 | ||
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| Author | Cherkasova M.V. | ||||
| Title | Predators | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue |
Pages | 15 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; Red Data book; mammals; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard.; 6420; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Among species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, predators occupy the first place; of them, unconditional leadership belongs the cat family species. Nine of eleven species of the family are referred to as rare and endangered ones. In the past snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabited all mountains on the south of the USSR from Tien Shan and Pamir to Transbaikalia. Now it no longer inhabits many of its previous habitats and has become rare, everywhere. Its total population in the USSR is no more than 1000 animals. At the beginning of XX century there were cases that such an amount of snow leopard (i.e. 1,000) was hunted during one year. Until recently, hunting the species was allowed all year round and even encouraged. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: They must live. Mammals. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 620 | Serial | 215 | ||
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| Author | Chapron, G.; Legendre, S. | ||||
| Title | Some Insights Into Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia) Demography By Using Stage Structured Population Models | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; uncia; viability; analysis; carnivore; carnivores; domestic; game; demographic; population; mortality; biology; mating; 4910 | ||||
| Abstract | Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics. | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 477 | Serial | 213 | ||
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| Author | Suryawanshi, K. R., Bhatia, S., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Redpath, S., Mishra, C | ||||
| Title | Multiscale Factors Affecting Human Attitudes toward Snow Leopards and Wolves | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Conservation biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 00 | Issue |
Pages | 1-10 | |
| Keywords | Canis lupus, carnivore, human–wildlife conflicts, Panthera uncia, wildlife acceptance | ||||
| Abstract | The threat posed by large carnivores to livestock and humans makes peaceful coexistence between them difficult. Effective implementation of conservation laws and policies depends on the attitudes of local residents toward the target species. There are many known correlates of human attitudes toward carnivores, but they have only been assessed at the scale of the individual. Because human societies are organized hierarchically, attitudes are presumably influenced by different factors at different scales of social organization, but this scale dependence has not been examined.We used structured interview surveys to quantitatively assess the attitudes of a Buddhist pastoral community toward snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis lupus). We interviewed 381 individuals from 24 villages within 6 study sites across the high-elevation Spiti Valley in the Indian Trans-Himalaya. We gathered information on key explanatory variables that together captured variation in individual and village-level socioeconomic factors.We used hierarchical linear models to examine how the effect of these factors on human attitudes changed with the scale of analysis from the individual to the community. Factors significant at the individual level were gender, education, and age of the respondent (for wolves and snow leopards), number of income sources in the family (wolves), agricultural production, and large-bodied livestock holdings (snow leopards). At the community level, the significant factors included the number of smaller-bodied herded livestock killed by wolves and mean agricultural production (wolves) and village size and large livestock holdings (snow leopards). Our results show that scaling up from the individual to higher levels of social organization can highlight important factors that influence attitudes of people toward wildlife and toward formal conservation efforts in general. Such scale-specific information can help managers apply conservation measures at appropriate scales. Our results reiterate the need for conflict management programs to be multipronged. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1417 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Datta, A. | ||||
| Title | Mammals of the high altitudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 40 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 1-7 |
| Keywords | anthropogenic; area; Arunachal; assessment; awareness; bharal; biodiversity; carnivore; carnivores; community; community-based; conservation; deer; depredation; dhole; endangered; extinct; fauna; goral; grazing; habitat; habitats; High; Himalaya; hunting; incentives; India; indian; Iucn; leopard; livestock; livestock-depredation; livestock depredation; local; mammals; musk; musk-deer; nayaur; panthera; people; peoples; plant; plants; potential; Pseudois; Pseudois-nayaur; pseudois nayaur; range; recent; region; Report; reserve; resource; schools; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; survey; surveys; threat; threatened; threats; tiger; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; ungulate; ungulates; valley; wildlife; work; Panthera-tigris; tigris | ||||
| Abstract | The high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh,India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12 carnivores, 10 ungulates and 5 primates) were recorded, of which 13 are categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One species of primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, is new to science and the Chinese goral Nemorhaedus caudatus is a new addition to the ungulate fauna of the Indian subcontinent. We documented peoples' dependence on natural resources for grazing and extraction of timber and medicinal plants. The region's mammals are threatened by widespread hunting. The snow leopard Uncia uncia and dhole Cuon alpinus are also persecuted in retaliation for livestock depredation. The tiger Panthera tigris, earlier reported from the lower valleys, is now apparently extinct there, and range reductions over the last two decades are reported for bharal Pseudois nayaur and musk deer Moschus sp.. Based on mammal species richness, extent of high altitude habitat, and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, we identified a potential site for the creation of Arunachal's first high altitude wildlife reserve (815 km2). Community-based efforts that provide incentives for conservation-friendly practices could work in this area, and conservation awareness programmes are required, not just amongst the local communities and schools but for politicians, bureaucrats and the army. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 861 | Serial | 697 | ||
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| Author | Vipin, Golla, T. R., Sharma, V., Kumar, B. K., Gaur, A. | ||||
| Title | Kleptoparasitic interaction between Snow Leopard Panthera uncia and Red Fox Vulpes vulpes suggested by circumstantial evidence in Pin Valley National Park, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Journal of Threatened Taxa | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 14 | Issue |
10 | Pages | 21928-21935 |
| Keywords | Animal interaction, carnivore, mammals, prey, Trans-Himalaya. | ||||
| Abstract | In the present study, we describe an interspecific kleptoparasitic interaction between two sympatric mammalian carnivores in the high altitudinal Trans-Himalaya region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was based on the inferences drawn from the circumstantial evidence (direct and indirect) noticed in the study area in Pin Valley National Park. The inferences from the analysis of the evidence suggested the interaction between a Snow Leopard Panthera uncia, a Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, and a donkey. The arrangement of evidence in a sequential manner suggested that a donkey was killed by a Snow Leopard and a Red Fox stole the food from the carrion of the Snow Leopard’s prey. The Red Fox was killed by the Snow Leopard, which was caught while stealing. The present study represents an example of kleptoparasitic interaction between the Snow Leopard and the Red Fox. This study also proves that such interactions may cost the life of a kleptoparasite and supports the retaliation behaviour of Snow Leopards. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1702 | ||
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| Author | Kachel, S., Anderson, K., Shokirov, Q. | ||||
| Title | Predicting carnivore habitat use and livestock depredation risk with false-positive multi-state occupancy models | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 271 | Issue |
109588 | Pages | 1-10 |
| Keywords | Bayesian hierarchical model,False-positive,Multi-state occupancy,Human-carnivore conflict,Livestock depredation,Snow leopard,Lynx,Wolf,Bear | ||||
| Abstract | The cycle of livestock depredation and retaliatory killing constitutes a major threat to large carnivores worldwide and imposes considerable hardships on human communities. Mitigation efforts are often undertaken with little knowledge of ecological underpinnings and patterns of depredation, limiting conservationists' ability to develop, prioritize, and evaluate solutions. Carnivore detection and depredation data from interviews in affected communities may help address this gap, but such data are often prone to false-positive uncertainty. To address these challenges in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan we collected snow leopard, lynx, wolf, and bear detection and depredation reports from local communities via semi-structured interviews. We used a novel hierarchical multi-species multi-state occupancy model that accounted for potential false-positives to investigate carnivore site use and depredation concurrently with respondents' apparent vulnerability to that risk. Estimated false-positive probabilities were small, but failure to account for them overstated site use probabilities and depredation risk for all species. Although individual vulnerability was low, depredation was nonetheless commonplace. Carnivore site use was driven by clear habitat associations, but we did not identify any clearly important large-scale spatial correlates of depredation risk despite considerable spatial variation in that risk. Respondents who sheltered livestock in household corrals reinforced with wire mesh were less likely to report snow leopard depredations. Reducing depredation and retaliation at adequately large scales in the Pamirs will likely require a portfolio of species-specific strategies, including widespread proactive corral improvements. Our approach expanded inference on the often-cryptic processes surrounding human-carnivore conflict even though structured wildlife data were scarce. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1681 | ||
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| Author | Sharma, R. K., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 201 | Publication | Biological Conservatio | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
190 | Pages | 8-13 | |
| Keywords | Panthera uncia, Trans-Himalaya, Pastoralism, Large carnivores, Livestock grazing, Co-existence | ||||
| Abstract | Large carnivores commonly prey on livestock when their ranges overlap. Pastoralism is the dominant land use type across the distributional range of the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia. Snow leop- ards are often killed in retaliation against livestock depredation. Whether livestock, by forming an alter- native prey, could potentially benefit snow leopards, or, whether livestock use of an area is detrimental to snow leopards is poorly understood. We examined snow leopard habitat use in a multiple use landscape that was comprised of sites varying in livestock abundance, wild prey abundance and human population size. We photographically sampled ten sites (average size 70 sq. km) using ten camera traps in each site, deployed for a period of 60 days. Snow leopard habitat use was computed as a Relative Use Index based on the total independent photographic captures and the number of snow leopard individuals captured at each site. We quantified livestock abundance, wild prey abundance, human population size and terrain ruggedness in each of the sites. Key variables influencing snow leopard habitat use were identified using Information Theory based model selection approach. Snow leopard habitat use was best explained by wild prey density, and showed a positive linear relationship with the abundance of wild ungulates. We found a hump-shaped relationship between snow leopard habitat use and livestock stocking density, with an initial increase in habitat use followed by a decline beyond a threshold of livestock density. Our results suggest that in the absence of direct persecution of snow leopards, livestock grazing and snow leopard habitat use are potentially compatible up to a certain threshold of livestock density, beyond which habitat use declines, presumably due to depressed wild ungulate abundance and associated anthropogenic disturbance. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1426 | ||
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| Author | Chen, P., Gao, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Cering, L., Shi, K., Clark, S. G. | ||||
| Title | Human–carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: Patterns and compensation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
197 | Pages | 18-26 | |
| Keywords | Conflict Compensation Human–carnivore coexistence Management Predation patterns Qomolangma Nature Reserve | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock depredation by large carnivores is frequently reported in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Seeking to minimize conflicts, we assessed depredation patterns and ways to upgrade the compensation program. We gathered 9193 conflict records over 2011–2013 to determine the extent and tempo-spatial patterns of the depredation.Weinterviewed 22 local officials and 94 residents to learn their views on depredations and to assess the adequacy of compensation. Data showed that wolves (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), and snowleopards (Panthera uncia)were themajor livestock predators. Total livestock loss accounted for 1.2% of the entire stockholding (n=846,707) in the region. Wolves and lynx tended to take sheep and goats,whereas snowleopards favored yaks and cattle in relation to their proportional abundance. Predation mostly occurred in March through July. Livestock depredation by all predators when combined was best explained by terrain ruggedness and density of small- and large-bodied livestock. Temporal and spatial predation patterns variedamong carnivores.Most respondents (74%) attributed depredation causes to an increase in carnivore abundance. Only 7% blamed lax livestock herding practice for predation losses. Five percent said that predation was the result of livestock population increases, while 11% had no idea. The compensation scheme was found to be flawed in all aspects—predation verification, application procedure, compensation standard, operational resource allocation, making payment, and other problems. To enhance management for human–carnivore coexistence, we recommend a problem-oriented, integrated, adaptive approach that targets the complex social context of the conflict and addresses the interconnected functions of decision-making process. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1435 | ||
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| Author | Din, J. U., Ali, H., Ali, A., Younus, M., Mehmood,, T., Rashid, Y. N., Nawaz, M. A. | ||||
| Title | Pastoralist-predator interaction at the roof of the world: Conflict dynamics and implications for conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Ecology and Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 22 | Issue |
2 | Pages | |
| Keywords | Afghan Pamir; carnivore; conflict; Pak Pamir; pastoralist; predation; snow leopard; Tajik Pamir; wolf | ||||
| Abstract | Pastoralism and predation are two major concomitantly known facts and matters of concern for conservation biologists worldwide. Pastoralist-predator conflict constitutes a major social-ecological concern in the Pamir mountain range encompassing Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan, and affects community attitudes and tolerance toward carnivores. Very few studies have been conducted to understand the dynamics of livestock predation by large carnivores like snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis lupus), owing to the region�s remoteness and inaccessibility. This study attempts to assess the intensity of livestock predation (and resulting perceptions) by snow leopards and wolves across the Afghani, Pakistani, and Tajik Pamir range during the period January 2008�June 2012. The study found that livestock mortality due to disease is the most serious threat to livestock (an average 3.5 animal heads per household per year) and ultimately to the rural economy (an average of US$352 per household per year) as compared to predation (1.78 animal heads per household per year, US$191) in the three study sites. Overall, 1419 (315 per year) heads of livestock were reportedly killed by snow leopards (47%) and wolves (53%) in the study sites. People with comparatively smaller landholdings and limited earning options, other than livestock rearing, expressed negative attitudes toward both wolves and snow leopards and vice versa. Education was found to be an effective solution to dilute people�s hatred for predators. Low public tolerance of the wolf and snow leopard in general explained the magnitude of the threat facing predators in the Pamirs. This will likely continue unless tangible and informed conservation measures like disease control and predation compensation programs are taken among others. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1453 | ||
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| Author | Rosen, T. Hussain, S. Mohammad, G. Jackson, R. Janecka, J, E. Michel, S. | ||||
| Title | Reconciling Sustainable Development of Mountain Communities With Large Carnivore Conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Mountain Research and Development | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
32(3) | Pages | 286-293 | |
| Keywords | Carnivores; conflict; conservation; incentives; livestock; insurance scheme; community empowerment; Pakistan | ||||
| Abstract | While the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent, physically and culturally, the wildlife of remote mountain regions is being affected both positively and negatively by such interconnectedness. In the case of snow leopards, the conservation impact has been largely, and rather unexpectedly, positive: Species-focused conservation projects, such as Project Snow Leopard (PSL) in Gilgit-Baltistan, remain mainly externally driven initiatives. PSL, initiated as a small pilot project in 1998, has relied on an approach that includes the use of an insurance scheme, the deployment of mitigation measures, and the empowerment of local governance. This approach has been successful in reducing the conflict with snow leopards and has built greater tolerance toward them. PSL is managed by local communities and cofinanced by them. PSL communities throughout the region are bearing the burden of carnivore conservation, and they are unwittingly subsidizing their populations by ‘‘feeding’’ them their livestock even though they are an economic threat to them. In this article, we argue that external intervention in the form of efforts that help alleviate the consequences of conflict through local empowerment have had a positive impact on the local mountain societies. We also show that such interventions have resulted in tangible conservation results, with the number of snow leopards staying at least stable. Our experience also shows that while the incentive component is critical, it is also part of a larger approach—one that includes developing and supporting local governance structures, improving access to education, and offering a range of tools to reduce the conflict that can be implemented locally. Finally, we suggest that investing in this approach— one that recognizes the species and local-context complexities surrounding the implementation of conservation incentives—can continue to inform international practices and guidelines for reducing human–wildlife conflicts worldwide. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1387 | ||
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