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Author Suryawanshi, K.R., Bhatnagar, Y. V. B., Redpath, S., Mishra, C. url 
  Title People, predators and perceptions: patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and wolves Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Applied Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 50 Issue (up) Pages 550-560  
  Keywords Canis lupus, Capra ibex, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivores, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya  
  Abstract 1. Livestock depredation by large carnivores is an important conservation and economic concern

and conservation management would benefit from a better understanding of spatial variation

and underlying causes of depredation events. Focusing on the endangered snow leopard

Panthera uncia and the wolf Canis lupus, we identify the ecological factors that predispose

areas within a landscape to livestock depredation. We also examine the potential mismatch

between reality and human perceptions of livestock depredation by these carnivores whose

survival is threatened due to persecution by pastoralists.

2. We assessed the distribution of the snow leopard, wolf and wild ungulate prey through field

surveys in the 4000 km2 Upper Spiti Landscape of trans-Himalayan India. We interviewed local

people in all 25 villages to assess the distribution of livestock and peoples’ perceptions of the risk

to livestock from these carnivores. We monitored village-level livestock mortality over a 2-year

period to assess the actual level of livestock depredation. We quantified several possibly influential

independent variables that together captured variation in topography, carnivore abundance

and abundance and other attributes of livestock. We identified the key variables influencing livestock

depredation using multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical partitioning.

3. Our results revealed notable differences in livestock selectivity and ecological correlates of

livestock depredation – both perceived and actual – by snow leopards and wolves. Stocking

density of large-bodied free-ranging livestock (yaks and horses) best explained people’s threat

perception of livestock depredation by snow leopards, while actual livestock depredation was

explained by the relative abundance of snow leopards and wild prey. In the case of wolves,

peoples’ perception was best explained by abundance of wolves, while actual depredation by

wolves was explained by habitat structure.

4. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that (i) human perceptions can be at odds

with actual patterns of livestock depredation, (ii) increases in wild prey populations will intensify

livestock depredation by snow leopards, and prey recovery programmes must be accompanied

by measures to protect livestock, (iii) compensation or insurance programmes should

target large-bodied livestock in snow leopard habitats and (iv) sustained awareness

programmes are much needed, especially for the wolf.
 
  Address  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1396  
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Author Bagchi, S., Mishra, C., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T. url 
  Title Out of Steppe? Pastoralism and ibex conservation in Spiti. Type Report
  Year 2002 Publication CERC Technical Report No. 7 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages  
  Keywords steppe, snow leopard, pastoral, conservation, ibex, Spiti, India  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Nature Conservation Foundation, India; Wildlife Institute of India, International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1274  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Tumursukh, L., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C., McCarthy, T. M., Boldgiv, B. url 
  Title Status of the mountain ungulate prey of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Tost Local Protected Area, South Gobi, Mongolia Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 1-6  
  Keywords Argali, Central Asia, double-observer survey, ibex, Panthera uncia, snow leopard, ungulate prey  
  Abstract The availability of wild prey is a critical predictor of carnivore density. However, few conservation pro- grammes have focused on the estimation and monitoring of wild ungulate populations and their trends, especially in the remote mountains of Central Asia. We conducted double-observer surveys to estimate the populations of ibex Capra sibirica and argali Ovis ammon in the mountain- ous regions of Tost Local Protected Area, South Gobi prov- ince, Mongolia, which is being considered for designation as a Nature Reserve. We also conducted demographic surveys of the more abundant ibex to examine their sex-ratio and the survival of young during –. The estimated ibex population remained stable in  and  and the es- timated argali population increased from  in  to  in . The biomass of wild ungulates was c. % that of live- stock. Mortality in young ibex appeared to increase after weaning, at the age of  months. We estimated the popula- tion of wild ungulates was sufficient to support – adult snow leopards Panthera uncia. The adult snow leopard population in our study area during –, estimated independently using camera-trap-based mark–recapture methods, was –. Based on our results we identify the Tost Local Protected Area as an important habitat for the conservation of these ungulates and their predator, the Endangered snow leopard, and recommend elevation of its status to a Nature Reserve.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1425  
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Author Zhiryakov V.A. url 
  Title Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 51-54  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 856 Serial 1088  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhiryakov V.A. url 
  Title Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol. II. Issue (up) Pages 278-279  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian  
  Abstract The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 855 Serial 1085  
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Author Zhiryakov V.A. url 
  Title Ibex. Rare ungulate species of the Almaty nature reserve and their protection Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 141-154  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; aerial census; goitered gazelle; argali; ibex; predators; wolf; snow leopard; poaching; disturbance.; 8750; Russian  
  Abstract Collected are data on rare ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve in 1968-1973. Since recently the population of goitered gazelle has dropped sharply and is now 20-30 animals per seven ha. The nature reserve shall be expanded in order to protect the animals. Argali inhabits a desert area in the mountains of Greater and Lesser Kalkana. Argali sometimes migrates outside the nature reserve. Ibex inhabits a mountainous part of the nature reserve, its population being 10-13 animals per 1,000 ha. Predators have negligible impact on the ibex population (12.5 percent of deaths), which is preyed on solely by snow leopard and wolf.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of the USSR fauna. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 852 Serial 1082  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Yanushevich A.I., C.Y.N. url 
  Title Sary Chelek nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 481-485  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 8630; Russian  
  Abstract It provides data concerning location, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna of the Sary Chelek nature reserve. Currently in nature reserve recorded 41 mammals, 157 birds, 5 reptiles, 2 amphibians and 5 fishes. Snow leopard, wild ibex, argali and dhole inhabited in alpine zone. Number of ibex is 400 individuals.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Soviet Union. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 840 Serial 1056  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q. url 
  Title Population density and habitat utilization of ibex in Tomur National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages  
  Keywords densities; density; habitat; habitat utilization; ibex; national; nature; population; Population-Density; Tomur  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 867 Serial 1037  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wu, D., Maming, R., Xu, G., Zhu X., Buzzard, P. url 
  Title Relationship between ibex and snow leopard about food chain and population density in Tian Shan Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Selevinia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 186-190  
  Keywords diet, ibex, snow leopard  
  Abstract Many studies have demonstrated that ibex (Capra sibirica) are the most frequently eaten prey of snow

leopards (Panthera uncia) in Xinjiang, the west of China. Thus, an understanding of interactions between these species may have significant management and conservation of implications for both. In this study, we provide information on ibex grouping and density over a 24 month period in the Tian Shan of Xinjiang, China. We then use ibex density to estimate the density of snow leopards. We observed ibex primarily in ewe-lamb groups (N=880), but ibex sexual segregation and grouping changed seasonally with more mixed-sex groups during the winter rut. We observed the most ibex in April 2014 and 2015 with an average of (2422 ± 119 ibex). Over the 1643 km2 study area we then estimated an ibex density of 154 ± 23 ibex /100 km2 from which we estimated a density of 1.31~2.58 snow leopards/100 km2.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1439  
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Author Xinchun, M. url 
  Title Distribution in the wild and the captive raising of snow leopards in Xinjiang, China Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 157-162  
  Keywords distribution; habitat; ibex; blue-sheep; argali; hides; skins; pelts; furs; coats; zoos; zoo; China; captivity; care; husbandry; feeding; diet; housing; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; 3770  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 267 Serial 1031  
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