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	Author	Dang, H.
	Title	The snow leopard and its prey			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1967	Publication	The Cheetal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	47-58
	Keywords	India; predator; prey; hunting; status; distribution; kills; behavior; predation; habitat; browse; 2330
	Abstract	Discusses distribution and habitat of snow leopard in India. Estimates population of 200-400 in entire Himalayan region. Reports seventeen occasions of observing snow leopards in the wild, one involving the killing of Himalayan thar. Discusses snow leopard hunting methods and food habits, and provides evidence of predation from examination of 17 snow leopard kills.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 17			Serial	231
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	Author	Johansson, O., Ausilio, G., Low, M., Lkhagvajav, P., Weckworth, B., Sharma, K.
	Title	The timing of breeding and independence for snow leopard females and their cubs.			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Mammalian Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Age of independence; Life-history trade-offs; Panthera uncia; Parental care; Pre-dispersal behavior; Separation; Subadult
	Abstract	Significant knowledge gaps persist on snow leopard demography and reproductive behavior. From a GPS-collared population in Mongolia, we estimated the timing of mating, parturition and independence. Based on three mother–cub pairs, we describe the separation phase of the cub from its mother as it gains independence. Snow leopards mated from January–March and gave birth from April–June. Cubs remained with their mother until their second winter (20–22 months of age) when cubs started showing movements away from their mother for days at a time. This initiation of independence appeared to coincide with their mother mating with the territorial male. Two female cubs remained in their mothers’ territory for several months after initial separation, whereas the male cub quickly dispersed. By comparing the relationship between body size and age of independence across 11 solitary, medium-to-large felid species, it was clear that snow leopards have a delayed timing of separation compared to other species. We suggest this may be related to their mating behavior and the difficulty of the habitat and prey capture for juvenile snow leopards. Our results, while limited, provide empirical estimates for understanding snow leopard ecology and for parameterizing population models.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1613
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	Author	Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H.
	Title	Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2008	Publication	Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	74-83
	Keywords	behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo
	Abstract	This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 915			Serial	202
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	Author	Oshmarin P.G.
	Title	Traces in nature			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	296
	Keywords	Traces of vital activity; hunting behavior; snow leopard.; 7820; Russian
	Abstract	Traces of vital activity of various animal species such as footprints, faeces, food remains, etc. are identified. It also provides information about hunting behavior of predators. Snow leopards would hunt along rather than in groups. Near the remains of prey they leave pieces of skin, skull of victim remaining untouched.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in Russian			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 760			Serial	757
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	Author	Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R.
	Title	Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1987	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	No. 13	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 467			Serial	36
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	Author	Lukarevskiy V.S.
	Title	Peculiarities of communicative behavior of leopard, irbis, lynx, and caracal			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	200
	Keywords	Felidae; communicative behavioral; leopard; snow leopard; Lynx; caracal.; 7600; Russian
	Abstract	It gives the description of communicative behavioral system (visual, olfactory and vocal elements) for two groups of large Felidae species such as leopard-irbis and lynx-caracal. General and specific behavioral regularities are given.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 738			Serial	627
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	Author	Malik, M.M.
	Title	The Current Status of Snow Leopards and Their Prey Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Pakistan			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	11-20
	Keywords	Pakistan; predator; prey; predation; livestock; research; monitoring; park; parks; refuge; Slims; conservation; poaching; hunting; furs; pelts; ecology; behavior; law; laws; education; herder; herders; status; protected-area; browse; protected areas; protected area; area; areas; protected; 2130
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	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust	Place of Publication	Lahore, Pakistan	Editor	R.Jackson; A.Ashiq
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 318			Serial	641
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	Author	Mallon, D.P.
	Title	A Further Report on The Snow Leopard in Ladakh			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	89-97
	Keywords	Ladakh; India; ecology; Protected-area-network; reserves; parks; refuge; habitat; field study; tracking; scrapes; marking; feces; behavior; status; distribution; browse; 1680
	Abstract	A detailed knowledge of the ecology of a species is fundemental to the drawing up of effective conservation measures. One aim of the current project was to identify good areas of snow leopard habitatand evaluate them for possible inclusion in the Protected Area Network. Several good areas were surveyed and an outstanding area identified, and included in a report to the Chief Wildlife Warden.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 118			Serial	645
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	Author	Gronberg, E.
	Title	Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters			Type	Report
	Year	2011	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior
	Abstract	Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Master's thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1301
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	Author	McCarthy, T.; Munkhtsog, B.
	Title	Preliminary Assessment of Snow Leopard Sign Surveys in Mongolia			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1997	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	57-65
	Keywords	Mongolia; Slims; field-survey; scrapes; scrape; spray; marking; habitat; gobi; status; distribution; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; sighn; surveys; survey; Gis; behavior; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; field survey; field; protected; area; 2670
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Lahore, Pakistan	Editor	R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 320			Serial	656
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