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Bhatia, S., Suryawanshi, K., Redpath, S., Namgail, S., Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Understanding People's Relationship With Wildlife in Trans-Himalayan Folklore. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Environmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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9 |
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595169 |
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1-10 |
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attitudes, culture, human-wildlife, narrative, stories, storytelling |
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Abstract |
People's views and values for wild animals are often a result of their experiences and traditional knowledge. Local folklore represents a resource that can enable an understanding of the nature of human-wildlife interactions, especially the underlying cultural values. Using archival searches and semi-structured interviews, we collected narratives about the ibex (Capra sibirica) (n = 69), and its predators, the wolf (Canis lupus) (n = 52) and the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) (n = 43), in Ladakh, India. We compared these stories to those of a mythical carnivore called seng ge or snow lion (n = 19), frequently referenced in local Tibetan Buddhist folklore and believed to share many of the traits commonly associated with snow leopards (except for livestock depredation). We then categorized the values along social-cultural, ecological and psychological dimensions. We found that the ibex was predominantly associated with utilitarianism and positive symbolism. Both snow leopard and wolf narratives referenced negative affective and negative symbolic values, though more frequently in the case of wolves. Snow leopard narratives largely focused on utilitarian and ecologistic values. In contrast, snow lion narratives were mostly associated with positive symbolism. Our results suggest that especially for snow leopards and wolves, any potentially positive symbolic associations appeared to be overwhelmed by negative sentiments because of their tendency to prey on livestock, unlike in the case of the snow lion. Since these values reflect people's real and multifarious interactions with wildlife, we recommend paying greater attention to understanding the overlaps between natural and cultural heritage conservation to facilitate human-wildlife coexistence. |
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1632 |
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Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Dong, S., Sultan, H. |
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Title |
Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
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10 |
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597 |
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1-20 |
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Keywords |
trophy hunting; mass tourism; Pamir; eco-tourism; human-Snow leopard conflict |
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Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to ocial record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation. |
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1621 |
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Chadwick, D.H. |
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Title |
Out of the Shadows: The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a |
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2008 |
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National geographic |
Abbreviated Journal |
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213 |
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6 |
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106-129 |
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conservation, research, snow leopard, Uncia uncia |
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The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a risk-filled future. |
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National Geographic Society |
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National Geographic Society |
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Washington, D.C. |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1113 |
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Sharma, R. |
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Title |
Of Men and Mountain Ghosts: Glimpses from the Rooftop of the World |
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Magazine Article |
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2010 |
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GEO |
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3 |
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6 |
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56-67 |
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snow leopard, camera trap, Spiti, India, Sharma |
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Catching a glimpse of a snow leopard is a rare and exciting event for anyone. For researchers, hideen camera traps have become a vital tool in their work. |
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GEO International |
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India |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1139 |
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DiSabato, L. |
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Title |
Update on the snow leopard factory |
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Magazine Article |
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1980 |
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San Antonio's News from the Zoo |
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6 |
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6 |
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1-2 |
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1160 |
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Fore, D. |
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The snow leopard factory |
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Magazine Article |
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1979 |
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San Antonio's News from the Zoo |
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5 |
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6 |
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1162 |
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Sitwell, N. |
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Title |
The Snow Leopard in Pakistan |
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Magazine Article |
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1972 |
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Animals |
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14 |
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6 |
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256-259 |
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Description of snow leopard habitat in the wild. Pictures by George Schaller. |
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1172 |
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Portland Zoological Society |
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Title |
Snow leopards, animals of the month |
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Miscellaneous |
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1976 |
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PZS |
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5 |
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6 |
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1-5 |
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snow leopard, captivity, Portland Zoological Society, Oregon, |
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August/September |
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1250 |
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San Antonio News |
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The story of the three little kittens |
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1975 |
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San Antonio News |
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I |
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6 |
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captive, zoo |
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San Antonio, Texas |
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November/December issue |
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1284 |
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Author |
Sharma, K. |
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Title |
The mysterious irbis |
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Magazine Article |
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2008 |
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Sanctuary Asia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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28 |
Issue |
6 |
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52-57 |
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Keywords |
Mongolia, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, long-term, ecology, Tost, snow leopard |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1300 |
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