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Braden, K. |
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Title |
The Geographical Distribution of the Snow Leopard in the USSR: Maps of Areas of Snow Leopard Habitation in the USSR |
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Journal Article |
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1982 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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3 |
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25-39 |
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Russia; Ussr; U.S.S.R.; Soviet-Union; status; distribution; maps; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; habitat; 2320 |
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Reviews published information from the USSR vs past status of the snow leopard in various parts of its range within that country. Maps provide locations in the USSR of evidence of snow leopard occurence from published records of the species over the last 100 yrs. |
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SLN @ rana @ 64 |
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189 |
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Author |
Dang, H. |
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Title |
The snow leopard and its prey |
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1967 |
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The Cheetal |
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11 |
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47-58 |
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India; predator; prey; hunting; status; distribution; kills; behavior; predation; habitat; browse; 2330 |
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Discusses distribution and habitat of snow leopard in India. Estimates population of 200-400 in entire Himalayan region. Reports seventeen occasions of observing snow leopards in the wild, one involving the killing of Himalayan thar. Discusses snow leopard hunting methods and food habits, and provides evidence of predation from examination of 17 snow leopard kills. |
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SLN @ rana @ 17 |
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231 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 137 |
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294 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Assessing Presence, relative abundance and habitat of snow leopards and their prey: a handbook of field techniques |
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1992 |
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habitat; surveys; methods; field-techniques; assessment; prey; browse; field techniques; field; techniques; 2700 |
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Seattle, Washington. Out of date; no longer in circulation. |
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SLN @ rana @ 197 |
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405 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
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A high altitude survey of the Hongu valley with special emphasis on snow leopard |
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1987 |
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Hongu; Nepal; habitat; distribution; browse; 2360 |
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Unpublished report submitted to The Mountain Institute and Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal. Date of Copyright: 1987 |
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SLN @ rana @ 109 |
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438 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Snow Cats of Nepal's Langue Gorge |
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1987 |
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Animal Kingdom |
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4 |
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44-53 |
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Nepal; tracking; home-range; habitat; home range; home; range; browse; 3630; snow; Cats; cat; gorge |
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Anecdotal account with some general research results of a four year tracking study of the snow leopard in Nepal's Langu valley |
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SLN @ rana @ 111 |
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439 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
SSC Plan for Snow Leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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1992 |
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physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard |
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Full Text at URL
DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson |
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SLN @ rana @ 201 |
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450 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.M. |
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Title |
Home Range, Movements and Habitat use of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Nepal |
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Book Whole |
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1996 |
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233 pp |
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Nepal; blue-sheep; predator; prey; home-range; behavior; capture; telemetry; habitat; marking; activity; movement; tracking; blue; sheep; browse; home range; home; range; 990 |
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Home ranges for five radio-tagged snow leopards (Uncia uncia) inhabiting prime habitat in Nepal Himalaya varied in size from 11-37 km2. These solitary felids were crepuscular in activity, and although highly mobile, nearly 90% of all consecutive day movements involved a straight line distance of 2km or less. No seasonal difference in daily movement or home range boundry was detected. While home ranges overlapped substancially, use of common core spaces was temporally seperated, with tagged animals being located 1.9 km or more apart during the smae day. Spatial analysis indicated that 47-55% of use occured within only 6-15% of total home area. The snow leopards shared a common core use area, which was located at a major stream confuence in an area where topography, habitat and prey abundance appeared to be more favorable. A young female used her core area least, a female with two cubs to the greatest extent. the core area was marked significantly more with scrapes, Faeces and other sighn than non-core sites, suggesting that social marking plays an important role in spacing individuals. Snow leopards showed a strong preference for bedding in steep, rocky or broken terrain, on or close to a natural vegetation or landform edge. linear landform features, such as a cliff or major ridgeline, were preferred for travelling and day time resting. This behavior would tend to place a snow leopard close to its preferred prey, blue sheep (Psuedois nayaur), which uses the same habitat at night. Marking was concetrated along commonly travelled routes, particularly river bluffs, cliff ledges and well defined ridgelines bordering stream confluences--features that were most abundant within the core area. Such marking may facilitate mutual avoidance, help maintain the species' solitary social structure, and also enable a relatively high density of snow leopard, especially within high-quality habitat. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of London |
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University of London |
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Date of Copyright: 1996 |
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SLN @ rana @ 275 |
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481 |
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Jiang, Z. |
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Snow leopards in the Dulan International Hunting Ground, Qinghai, China |
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2005 |
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1-8 |
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snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; hunting; Qinghai; China; project; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; surveys; survey; mountains; mountain; province; transect; study; area; transects; pug; pug marks; pug-marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; density; densities; wild; ungulates; ungulate; region; camera; environment; photo; capture; population; population size; population-size; Animals; Animal; 20; livestock; Human; attitudes; attitude; tibetan; 30; nature; reserve; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; species; snow line; snow-line; endemic; alpine; central; Central Asia; asia; countries; country; fox; range; areas; Xinjiang; inner; Inner-Mongolia; Mongolia; Tibet; gansu; Sichuan; habitat; protection; nature reserves; reserves; cat; populations; domestic; laws; law; field; field surveys; field survey; field-surveys; field-survey; Kunlun; distribution; survival; status; Data; conservation |
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From March to May, 2006œªwe conducted extensive snow leopard surveys in the Burhanbuda Mountain Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China. 32 linear transect of 5~15 km each, which running through each vegetation type, were surveyed within the study area. A total of 72 traces of snow leopard were found along 4 transects (12.5% of total transects). The traces included pug marks or footprints, scrapes and urine marks. We estimated the average density of wild ungulates in the region was 2.88ñ0.35 individuals km-2(n=29). We emplaced 16 auto2 trigger cameras in different environments and eight photos of snow leopard were shot by four cameras and the capture rate of snow leopard was 71.4%. The minimum snow leopard population size in the Burhanbuda Mountain was two, because two snow leopards were phototrapped by different cameras at almost same time. Simultaneously, the cameras also shot 63 photos of other wild animals, including five photos are unidentified wild animals, and 20 photos of livestock. We evaluated the human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing with 27 Tibetan householders of 30 householders live in the study area. We propose to establish a nature reserve for protecting and managing snow leopards in the region. Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is considered as a unique species because it lives above the snow line, it is endemic to alpines in Central Asia, inhabiting in 12 countries across Central Asia (Fox, 1992). Snow leopard ranges in alpine areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu and Sichuan in western China (Liao, 1985, 1986; Zhou, 1987; Ma et al., 2002; Jiang & Xu, 2006). The total population and habitat of snow leopards in China are estimated to be 2,000~2,500 individuals and 1,824,316 km2, only 5% of which is under the protection of nature reserves. The cat's current range is fragmented (Zou & Zheng, 2003). Due to strong human persecutions, populations of snow leopards decreased significantly since the end of the 20th century. Thus, the
snow leopards are under the protection of international and domestic laws. From March to May, 2006, we conducted two field surveys in Zhiyu Village, Dulan County in Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, China to determine the population, distribution and survival status of snow leopards in the area. The aim of the study was to provide ecologic data for snow leopard conservation. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1068 |
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493 |
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Author |
Khan, A. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Occurrence in Mankial Valley, Swat: Final report |
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2004 |
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1-17 |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; valley; Report; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; ecosystem; habitat; species; plants; plant; Animals; Animal; birds; research; action; study; survey; Support; Islt; community; Organization; surveys; winter; information; local; sign; pugmarks; feces; scrapes; scrape; prey; prey species; prey-species; recent; population; markhor; hunting; Culture; Pressure; areas; area; feeding; livestock; burning; decline |
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Mankial is a sub-valley of the Swat Kohistan. Temperate ecosystem of the valley is intact to a greater extent, which provides habitat to a variety of species of plants, animals and birds. Snow leopard is reported from the valley. To confirm its occurrence, the HUJRA (Holistic Understanding for Justified Research and Action), conducted the study titled “Snow Leopard Survey in Mankial Valley, district Swat, NWFP”. The author provided technical support, while ISLT (The International Snow Leopard Trust) funded the project under its small grants program. The World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan (WWF-Pakistan) and the Mankial Community Organization (MCO) facilitated surveys under the project. Surveys revealed that Snow leopard visits parts of the Mankial valley in winter months. Information from the local community shows that Snow leopard remains in the Serai (an off-shoot of the Mankial Valley) from early winter to early spring. Intensive surveys of the prime snow leopard winter habitat in the valley found several snow leopard signs including pugmarks, feces, and scrapes. The study also found occurrence of prey species through indirect evidence though. However, information from the local community confirmed that in the recent past there was a good population of markhor in the valley, which is now reduced to less than 50, mostly due to hunting and habitat disturbance. Hunting is part of the local culture and lifestyle. During winter months hunting pressure is low, as most of the local community migrates to warmer plain areas than Mankial Valley. However, those who live in the area lop oak branches for feeding their livestock and cut trees for burning, in addition to hunting prey species of snow leopard. This has resulted in stunted oak vegetation in most of the lower reaches of the valley and decline of the markhor population. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1069 |
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530 |
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