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| Author | Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000- 2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue  |
176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
| Keywords | Bone Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1412 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Li, J., Lu, Z. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Poaching and Trade in China 2000-2013 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
176 | Pages | 207-211 | |
| Keywords | Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here, we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1414 | ||
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| Author | Pocock,R.I. | ||||
| Title | On the hyoidean apparatus of the lion (F. leo) and related species of felidae | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1916 | Publication | Annals and Magazine of Natural History | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 8 | Issue |
18 | Pages | 222-229 |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1185 | ||
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| Author | Sharma, R. K., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 201 | Publication | Biological Conservatio | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
190 | Pages | 8-13 | |
| Keywords | Panthera uncia, Trans-Himalaya, Pastoralism, Large carnivores, Livestock grazing, Co-existence | ||||
| Abstract | Large carnivores commonly prey on livestock when their ranges overlap. Pastoralism is the dominant land use type across the distributional range of the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia. Snow leop- ards are often killed in retaliation against livestock depredation. Whether livestock, by forming an alter- native prey, could potentially benefit snow leopards, or, whether livestock use of an area is detrimental to snow leopards is poorly understood. We examined snow leopard habitat use in a multiple use landscape that was comprised of sites varying in livestock abundance, wild prey abundance and human population size. We photographically sampled ten sites (average size 70 sq. km) using ten camera traps in each site, deployed for a period of 60 days. Snow leopard habitat use was computed as a Relative Use Index based on the total independent photographic captures and the number of snow leopard individuals captured at each site. We quantified livestock abundance, wild prey abundance, human population size and terrain ruggedness in each of the sites. Key variables influencing snow leopard habitat use were identified using Information Theory based model selection approach. Snow leopard habitat use was best explained by wild prey density, and showed a positive linear relationship with the abundance of wild ungulates. We found a hump-shaped relationship between snow leopard habitat use and livestock stocking density, with an initial increase in habitat use followed by a decline beyond a threshold of livestock density. Our results suggest that in the absence of direct persecution of snow leopards, livestock grazing and snow leopard habitat use are potentially compatible up to a certain threshold of livestock density, beyond which habitat use declines, presumably due to depressed wild ungulate abundance and associated anthropogenic disturbance. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1426 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Ismaili, R. R. R., Peng, X., Li., Y, Ali, A., Ahmad, T., Rahman, A. U., Ahmad, S., Shi, K. | ||||
| Title | Modeling Habitat Suitability of Snow Leopards in Yanchiwan National Reserve, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 14 | Issue |
1938 | Pages | 1-21 |
| Keywords | snow leopard; maximum entropy modeling; Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve; species conservation; environmental impact | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive predators inhabiting high-altitude and mountainous rugged habitats. The current study was conducted in the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China, to assess the habitat suitability of snow leopards and identify key environmental factors inducing their distribution. Field data collected between 2019 and 2022 through scat sampling and camera trapping techniques provided insights into snow leopard habitat preferences. Spatial distribution and cluster analyses show distinct hotspots of high habitat suitability, mostly concentrated near mountainous landscapes. While altitude remains a critical determinant, with places above 3300 m showing increased habitat suitability, other factors such as soil type, human footprint, forest cover, prey availability, and human disturbance also play important roles. These variables influence ecological dynamics and are required to assess and manage snow leopard habitats. The MaxEnt model has helped us to better grasp these issues, particularly the enormous impact of human activities on habitat suitability. The current study highlights the importance of altitude in determining snow leopard habitat preferences and distribution patterns in the reserve. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of considering elevation in conservation planning and management strategies for snow leopards, particularly in mountainous regions. By combining complete environmental data with innovative modeling tools, this study not only improves local conservation efforts but also serves as a model for similar wildlife conservation initiatives around the world. By understanding the environmental factors driving snow leopard distribution, conservation efforts can be more efficiently directed to ensure the long-term survival of this endangered species. This study provides valuable insights for evidence-based conservation efforts to safeguard the habitats of snow leopards amidst emerging anthropogenic pressure and environmental fluctuations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1751 | ||
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| Author | Chen, P., Gao, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Cering, L., Shi, K., Clark, S. G. | ||||
| Title | Human–carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: Patterns and compensation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
197 | Pages | 18-26 | |
| Keywords | Conflict Compensation Human–carnivore coexistence Management Predation patterns Qomolangma Nature Reserve | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock depredation by large carnivores is frequently reported in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Seeking to minimize conflicts, we assessed depredation patterns and ways to upgrade the compensation program. We gathered 9193 conflict records over 2011–2013 to determine the extent and tempo-spatial patterns of the depredation.Weinterviewed 22 local officials and 94 residents to learn their views on depredations and to assess the adequacy of compensation. Data showed that wolves (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), and snowleopards (Panthera uncia)were themajor livestock predators. Total livestock loss accounted for 1.2% of the entire stockholding (n=846,707) in the region. Wolves and lynx tended to take sheep and goats,whereas snowleopards favored yaks and cattle in relation to their proportional abundance. Predation mostly occurred in March through July. Livestock depredation by all predators when combined was best explained by terrain ruggedness and density of small- and large-bodied livestock. Temporal and spatial predation patterns variedamong carnivores.Most respondents (74%) attributed depredation causes to an increase in carnivore abundance. Only 7% blamed lax livestock herding practice for predation losses. Five percent said that predation was the result of livestock population increases, while 11% had no idea. The compensation scheme was found to be flawed in all aspects—predation verification, application procedure, compensation standard, operational resource allocation, making payment, and other problems. To enhance management for human–carnivore coexistence, we recommend a problem-oriented, integrated, adaptive approach that targets the complex social context of the conflict and addresses the interconnected functions of decision-making process. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1435 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Alexander, S., A., Zhang, C., Shi, K., Riordan, P. | ||||
| Title | A granular view of a snow leopard population using camera traps in Central China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue |
197 | Pages | 27-31 | |
| Keywords | Snow leopard Camera trap China Density Monitoring | ||||
| Abstract | Successful conservation of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) relies on the effectiveness of monitoring programmes. We present the results of a 19-month camera trap survey effort, conducted as part of a longterm study of the snow leopard population in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, China. Weassessed the minimumnumber of individual snowleopards and population density across different sampling periods using spatial capture–recapture methods. Between 2013–2014, we deployed 34 camera traps across an area of 375 km2, investing a total of 7133 trap-days effort. Weidentified a total number of 17–19 unique individuals from photographs (10–12 adults, five sub-adults and two cubs). The total number of individuals identified and estimated density varied across sampling periods, between 10–15 individuals and 1.46–3.29 snow leopards per 100 km2 respectively. We demonstrate that snow leopard surveys of limited scale and conducted over short sampling periods only present partial views of a dynamic and transient system.We also underline the challenges in achieving a sufficient sample size of captures and recaptures to assess trends in snow leopard population size and/or density for policy and conservation decision-making |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1436 | ||
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| Author | Shrestha, B., Kindlmann, P. | ||||
| Title | Implications of landscape genetics and connectivity of snow leopard in the Nepalese Himalayas for its conservation. | Type | Scientific Report | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Nature Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 10 | Issue |
19853 | Pages | 1-11 |
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| Abstract | The snow leopard is one of the most endangered large mammals. Its population, already low, is declining, most likely due to the consequences of human activity, including a reduction in the size and number of suitable habitats. With climate change, habitat loss may escalate, because of an upward shift in the tree line and concomitant loss of the alpine zone, where the snow leopard lives. Migration between suitable areas, therefore, is important because a decline in abundance in these areas may result in inbreeding, fragmentation of populations, reduction in genetic variation due to habitat fragmentation, loss of connectivity, bottlenecks or genetic drift. Here we use our data collected in Nepal to determine the areas suitable for snow leopards, by using habitat suitability maps, and describe the genetic structure of the snow leopard within and between these areas. We also determine the influence of landscape features on the genetic structure of its populations and reveal corridors connecting suitable areas. We conclude that it is necessary to protect these natural corridors to maintain the possibility of snow leopards' migration between suitable areas, which will enable gene flow between the diminishing populations and thus maintain a viable metapopulation of snow leopards. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1628 | |||
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| Author | Schaller, G..B. | ||||
| Title | Between two worlds | Type | Magazine Article | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | Animal Kingdom | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 82 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 4-21 |
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| Notes | April/May issue | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1175 | ||
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| Author | Dhungel, S.K. | ||||
| Title | A glimpse of Sagarmatha: world's highest national park | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Tigerpaper | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | IX | Issue |
2 | Pages | 11-14 |
| Keywords | International-Snow-Leopard-Trust, Sagarmatha, Mt. Everest, Nepal | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1210 | ||
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