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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Species Survival Commission Plan for Snow Leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1992 |
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Keywords |
conservation; management; ecology; browse; 2080 |
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Unpub. draft for Cat Specialist Action Plan, IUCN, Gland. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 192 |
Serial |
449 |
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Author |
Durbach, I., Borchers, D., Sutherland, C., Sharma, K. |
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Title |
Fast, flexible alternatives to regular grid designs for spatial
capture–recapture. |
Type |
Research Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-13 |
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Keywords |
camera trap, population ecology,sampling, spatial capture-recapture, surveys |
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Abstract |
Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) methods use the location of
detectors (camera traps, hair snares and live-capture traps) and the
locations at which animals were detected (their spatial capture
histories) to estimate animal density. Despite the often large expense
and effort involved in placing detectors in a landscape, there has been
relatively little work on how detectors should be located. A natural
criterion is to place traps so as to maximize the precision of density
estimators, but the lack of a closed-form expression for precision has
made optimizing this criterion computationally demanding. 2. Recent
results by Efford and Boulanger (2019) show that precision can be well
approximated by a function of the expected number of detected
individuals and expected number of recapture events, both of which can
be evaluated at low computational cost. We use these results to develop
a method for obtaining survey designs that optimize this approximate
precision for SCR studies using count or binary proximity detectors, or
multi-catch traps. 3. We show how the basic design protocol can be
extended to incorporate spatially varying distributions of activity
centres and animal detectability. We illustrate our approach by
simulating from a camera trap study of snow leopards in Mongolia and
comparing estimates from our designs to those generated by regular or
optimized grid designs. Optimizing detector placement increased the
number of detected individuals and recaptures, but this did not always
lead to more precise density estimators due to less precise estimation
of the effective sampling area. In most cases, the precision of density
estimators was comparable to that obtained with grid designs, with
improvement in some scenarios where approximate CV(¬D) < 20% and density
varied spatially. 4. Designs generated using our approach are
transparent and statistically grounded. They can be produced for survey
regions of any shape, adapt to known information about animal density
and detectability, and are potentially easier and less costly to
implement. We recommend their use as good, flexible candidate designs
for SCR surveys when reasonable knowledge of model parameters exists. We
provide software for researchers to construct their own designs, in the
form of updates to design functions in the r package oSCR. |
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1618 |
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Author |
Novikov, G.A. |
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Title |
Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1962 |
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Keywords |
Ussr; Russia; ecology; distribution; skull-illustration; Soviet-Union; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; skull illustrations; skull; illustrations; 3140 |
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Abstract |
Brief review of physical characteristics, (skull illustration) ecology and distribution |
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Publisher |
Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci. |
Place of Publication |
Ussr |
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Notes |
Translated 1962, Isreali Program for Scientific Translations, Washington D.C. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 16 |
Serial |
728 |
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Author |
Oli, M.K. |
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Title |
The ecology and conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1991 |
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Keywords |
annapurna; conservation; area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; ecology; Nepal; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; potected-area; protected; browse; 2390 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Edinburgh, Scotland. |
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Notes |
Phil. thesis |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 183 |
Serial |
742 |
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Author |
Oli, M.K. |
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Title |
Ecology and conservation of snow leopard project |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
1991 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6628 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
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Keywords |
1990; conservation; ecology; Report; snow leopard; Wwf |
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Notes |
WWF Project #6628: progress report 2 for the period December 1990 – March 1991. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 984 |
Serial |
743 |
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Author |
Pokrovski, V.S. |
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Title |
The Snow Leopard Large Predators |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1976 |
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Keywords |
Soviet-Union; Russia; Ussr; behavior; ecology; captivity; zoo; zoos; distribution; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2590 |
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Abstract |
Detailed review of snow leopard distribution and abundance, behavior, ecology,captive population and conservation measures in the Soviet Union. Estimates a snow leopard population of 300 +/- 150. |
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Moscow |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 35 |
Serial |
778 |
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Author |
Koshkarev, E.P. |
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Title |
The snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The composition of the area, ecology, and protection |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1989 |
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Keywords |
Kyrgyzstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; ecology; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2580; Russian |
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Notes |
Frunze. In Russian. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 152 |
Serial |
572 |
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Author |
Raj, R.D. |
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Title |
A Green Chief Minister in a Green State |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1999 |
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4 |
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Keywords |
India; snow-leopard; management; ecology; parks; reserves; snow leopard; browse; 1050 |
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Abstract |
As chief minister of the Indian state of Sikkim, Pawan Kumar Chamling has the onerous job of protecting one of the hottest biodiversity properties in the world. Chamling has been more than equal to the task. Last month, he earned the title of “greenest chief minister” of India's 22 federal states for policies that range from banning plastic bags to cancelling a major hydro-electric project. |
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Copyright (c) 1999 Inter Press Service Journal Title: Inter Press Service |
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SLN @ rana @ 369 |
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803 |
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Author |
Roberts, T.J. |
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Title |
The Mammals of Pakistan |
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Book Whole |
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1977 |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; ecology; status; distribution; browse; 2200 |
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Abstract |
Brief description of physical characteristics, ecology,status, and distribution of snow leopard in Pakistan |
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Publisher |
Ernest Benn |
Place of Publication |
London and Tonbridge |
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Notes |
156-158 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 38 |
Serial |
825 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya (Wildlife Behavior & Ecology) |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1977 |
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Pages |
146-159 |
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Keywords |
sheep; goats; Pakistan; Nepal; marking; spraying; scrapes; sprays; behavior; predator; prey; browse; 2250; mountain; wild; wild sheep; goat; Himalaya; wildlife; ecology |
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Abstract |
Describes snow leopard status and field observations from studies in Pakistan and Nepal. Review provides some data on snow leopard marking behavior, social relations, food habits and predator behavior. |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 39 |
Serial |
864 |
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Author |
Vashetko, E.; Esipov A.; Bykova, E.; Kreuzberg, E. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Bibliography. Central Asia (Abstracts) |
Type |
Manuscript |
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Year |
2005 |
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Keywords |
analysis; asia; bibliography; central; Central Asia; conservation; ecology; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Islt; leopard; project; region; Russian; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; trust; work |
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Abstract |
Bibliography of the Snow Leopard included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (305) for the period 1873 to 2004. The most important works on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described. |
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Notes |
English version. Also available in Russian in the SLN bibliography. Project supported by International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), was carried out in 2004-2005. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1061 |
Serial |
983 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1989 |
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Keywords |
status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 |
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Notes |
Full Text at URL |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 137 |
Serial |
294 |
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Author |
Wikramanayake, E.; Moktan, V.; Aziz, T.; Khaling, S.; Khan, A.; Tshering, D. |
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Title |
The WWF Snow Leopard Action Strategy for the Himalayan Region |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2006 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1-21 |
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Keywords |
behaviour; biodiversity; conservation; ecology; Himalayan; protected area; snow leopard; strategy; Wwf |
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Abstract |
As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to
raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan
biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But,
because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the
ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however,
suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve
a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale
approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.
While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and
activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels.
The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by
the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate
within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an
efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress. |
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Notes |
Report 1-23. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 921 |
Serial |
1022 |
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Author |
Fox, J. |
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Title |
A Review of the Status and Ecology of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
5440; status; ecology; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia |
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Abstract |
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Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Booklet |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 528 |
Serial |
285 |
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Author |
Dyikanova, C. |
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Title |
A public awareness outreach programme on Snow Leopards for the Kyrgyz Republic, Final Report |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2004 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1-4 |
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project; awareness; local; local people; people; staff; Base; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; ecology; threats; threat; Kyrgyzstan; regional; areas; area; public; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; community |
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Abstract |
The principle goal of the project was to raise awareness of local people, staff of frontier posts,
customs and foreign military base on snow leopard, and its conservation. In the framework of the
project the following steps were to be executed:
A) To disseminate printing materials: a booklet, poster, card and calendar.
b) To publish articles on snow leopard ecology and conservation issues and threats in
Kyrgyzstan regional newspapers (Issyk-Kul, Osh, and Chui areas)
C) To hold follow-up meeting with target groups
D) To evaluate project results |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Community and Business Forum, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1066 |
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248 |
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Author |
McCarthy, T. |
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Title |
Ecology and Conservation of Snow Leopards, Gobi Brown Bears, and Wild Bactrian Camels in Mongolia |
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Year |
2000 |
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snow leopard; Uncia uncia; Mongolia; radio-collar; habitat use; movements; ecology; wild camel; brown bear; 5340 |
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Abstract |
Snow leopard ecology, distribution and abundance in Mongolia were studied between 1993 and 1999. I placed VHF and satellite radio-collars on 4 snow leopards, 2 males and 2 females, to determine home ranges, habitat use, movements, and activity. Home ranges of snow leopards in Mongolia were substantially larger than reported elsewhere. Males ranged over 61 – 142 km2 and female 58 to 1,590 km2. Cats had crepuscular activity patterns with daily movements averaging 5.1 km. Intraspecific distances averaged 1.3 km for males to 7.8 km for males. Leopards selected moderately to very-broken habitat with slopes > 20o, in areas containing ibex. Leopard distribution and abundance was determined using sign surveys. Leopard range in Mongolia is approximately 103,000 km2 but cats are not uniformly distributed within that range. High-density areas include the eastern and central Transaltai Gobi and the northern Altai ranges. Relative leopard densities compared well with relative ibex densities on a regional basis. A snow leopard conservation plan was drafted for Mongolia that identifies problems and threats, and provides an action plan. Wild Bactrian camels occur in the Great Gobi National Park (GGNP) and are thought to be declining due to low recruitment. I surveyed camels by jeep and at oases, observing 142 (4.2% young) and 183 (5.3% young) in 1997 and 1998. Current range was estimated at 33,300 km2. Some winter and calving ranges were recently abandoned. Track sizes and tooth ages from skulls were used to assess demographics. A deterministic model was produced that predicts camel extinction within 25 to 50 years under current recruitment rates and population estimates. Gobi brown bears are endemic to Mongolia and may number less than 35. Three population isolates may occur. I collected genetic material from bears at oases using hair traps. Microsatellite analyses of nuclear DNA determined sixteen unique genotypes, only two of which occurred at more than one oases. Genetic diversity was very low with expected heterozygosity = 0.32, and alleles per locus = 2.3. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were compared to other clades of brown bear and found to fall outside of all known lineages. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Massachusetts, Amherst |
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SLN @ rana @ 519 |
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663 |
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Author |
Villarrubia, C.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Conservation on a Regional Basis: Elements in Planning Protected Areas |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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253-263 |
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conservation; protected-area; parks; reserves; refuge; planning; governments; local-peoples; herders; livestock; life-history; home-range; seasonal-shifts; core-areas; dispersal; habitat; ecology; fragmentation; buffers; zones; corridors; barriers; browse; protected; area; local people; local; history; home range; seasonal; shifts; core; 3540 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 264 |
Serial |
986 |
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Author |
Suryawanshi, K. R., Khanyari, M., Sharma, K., Lkhagvajav, P., Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Sampling bias in snow leopard population estimation studies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Population Eccology |
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1-9 |
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camera trap, Central Asia, Himalaya, meta-analysis, monitoring, Panthera uncia, population ecology |
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Abstract |
Accurate assessments of the status of threatened species and their conservation
planning require reliable estimation of their global populations and robust monitoring
of local population trends. We assessed the adequacy and suitability of studies
in reliably estimating the global snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population. We
compiled a dataset of all the peer-reviewed published literature on snow leopard
population estimation. Metadata analysis showed estimates of snow leopard density
to be a negative exponential function of area, suggesting that study areas have generally
been too small for accurate density estimation, and sampling has often been
biased towards the best habitats. Published studies are restricted to six of the
12 range countries, covering only 0.3�0.9% of the presumed global range of the
species. Re-sampling of camera trap data from a relatively large study site
(c.1684 km2) showed that small-sized study areas together with a bias towards
good quality habitats in existing studies may have overestimated densities by up to
five times. We conclude that current information is biased and inadequate for generating
a reliable global population estimate of snow leopards. To develop a rigorous
and useful baseline and to avoid pitfalls, there is an urgent need for
(a) refinement of sampling and analytical protocols for population estimation of
snow leopards (b) agreement and coordinated use of standardized sampling protocols
amongst researchers and governments across the range, and (c) sampling
larger and under-represented areas of the snow leopard's global range. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1477 |
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Author |
Zhirjakov, V.A. |
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Title |
On the ecology of the snow leopard in the Zailisky-Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) |
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Journal Article |
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1990 |
Publication |
Int Ped Book of Snow Leopards |
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6 |
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25-30 |
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Tien-Shan; ecology; China; browse; Kazakhstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; distribution; population; prey; behavior; food-habits; scat-analysis; 3240 |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 168 |
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1078 |
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Author |
Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association |
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Title |
Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 |
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Manuscript |
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2010 |
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nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology |
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Abstract |
In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism,
zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as
reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial
operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd,
Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from
September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made
the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that
administrative units have been increased and territories of
administrative units have been diminished. There have been four
provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation
limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than
ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert.
Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of
species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in
banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum,
Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing
in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently
necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures
into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across
hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression.
Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national
cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of
cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of
Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify
popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of
agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central
Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December
16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of
1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 %
of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals
amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total
animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article
mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in
Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such
number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into
five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult
animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally
in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food
of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main
nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the
soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of
secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of
ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt
one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for
domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big
game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and
hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting.
Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give
prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly
it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15
USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially
picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow
leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack
domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of
ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting
wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't
consider it had been right since it was natural event. However
population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought
and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has
never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million
heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in
its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of
domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild
animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards
correctly with low costs. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1100 |
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705 |
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Author |
Sharma, S., Thapa, K., Chalise, M., Dutta, T., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T. |
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Title |
The snow leopard in Himalaya: A step towards their conservation by studying their distribution, marking habitat selection, coexistence with other predators, and wild prey-livestock-predator interaction |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Conservation Biology in Asia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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184-196 |
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Himalaya, Nepal, ecology, snow leopard, Uncia uncia, prey, livestock, predator |
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Snow leopard (Uncia uncial) is a flagship species of the Himalaya. Very few studies have been done on the ecology of this species in the Himalaya. This paper presents an overview of four studies conducted on snow leopards in Nepal and India, dealing with various aspects of snow leopard ecology including their status assessment, making behaviour, habitat selection, food habits, and impact on livestock. The information generated by these studies is useful in planning effective conservation and management strategies for this endangered top predator of high mountains. |
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Paper 12; From: Pages 184-196 of Conservation Biology in Asia (2006) McNeely, J.A., T. M. McCarthy, A. Smith, L.Olsvig-Whittaker, and E.D. Wikramanayake (editors). Published by the Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section and Resources Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal, 455 pp. |
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1130 |
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Author |
Miller, D.J.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Livestock and Snow Leopards:making room for competing users on the Tibetian Plateau |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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315-328 |
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livestock; Tibet; herder; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tibetian-Plateau; ungulates; wild-yak; blue-sheep; pika; marmots; gazelle; antelope; Qomolangma; Namcha-Barwa; Chang-Tang; habitat; grazing; wolves; pens; enclosures; bounties; bounty; pelts; skins; coats; furs; poisoning; medicine; bones; land-use; conservation; ecology; blue; sheep; browse; tibetian; plateau; wild; yak; namcha; barwa; change; tang; land use; land; 2800 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 244 |
Serial |
676 |
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Author |
Anonymous |
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Title |
A snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2000 |
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1-8 |
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Keywords |
awareness; behaviour; biodiversity; conservation plan; decline; density; ecology; fund-raising; funding; habitat degradation; Himalayan; management; Mongolia; montane; pastoralists; pelt; predator; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; snow leopard; trade; Wwf |
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The snow leopard faces multiple threats in the Himalayan region, from habitat degradation, loss of prey, the trade in pelts, parts and live animals, and conflict with humans, primarily pastoralists. Consequently, the populations are considered to be in decline and the species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN's Red List. As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.This regional strategy for WWF's snow leopard conservation program is built on such an approach. The following were identified as important regional issues: 1) international trade in snow leopards and parts; 2) the human-snow leopard conflict; 3) the need for a landscape approach to conservation to provide large spatial areas that can support demographically and ecologically viable snow leopard metapopulations; 4) research on snow leopard ecology to develop long-term, science-based conservation management plans; and 5) regional coordination and dialog. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress. |
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Publication date unknown but must be at least from 2000. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 995 |
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92 |
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Author |
Feh, C. |
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Title |
Ecology and social structure of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. in the Gobi B. National Park, Mongolia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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Biological Conservation |
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101 |
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51-61 |
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Equus hemionus; Ecology and social structure; Gobi National Park; Mongolia; 5250 |
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The status of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. is recorded as ``insufficiently known'' in the Species Survival Commission's Equid Action Plan. Recent counts confirm that Mongolia holds the most important population of the whole species. Since 1953, the animals have benefited from a protected status, but this is now challenged. A 5-year study in the B part of the Gobi National Park on one subpopulation showed that it has remained stable over the past 15 years with an adequate mean reproductive rate of 15% and a 50% survival rate over the first year. Age/sex related mortality and prey analysis indicate that wolf predation probably has some impact on the population, in particular for 4-6-year-olds of both sexes at the start of reproduction. Desert and mountain steppes are the khulan's year-round preferred habitat, but `oases', play an important role at the beginning of lactation. Anthropogenic factors affect both home range and habitat use through direct intervention or permanent occupation of the scarce water sources. Khulans of this subpopulation, unlike other Asian and African wild asses, form year-round stable, non-territorial families. These families and all-male groups join together into ``bands'' in winter, and herds of several hundred animals, where reproductive rate is highest, form throughout the year. The existence of such herds may thus be critical for the breeding success of the population. Our study provides the first detailed quantitative data for this subspecies, which will help to monitor changes in the future. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 510 |
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271 |
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Author |
Mallon, D.P.; Nurbu, C. |
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Title |
A Conservation Program for the Snow Leopard in Kashmir |
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1988 |
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207-214 |
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conservation; ecology; parks; reserves; refuge; habitat; herders; herder; status; Protected-area-network; education; grazing; hunting; furs; pelts; browse; protected; area; network; 1780 |
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Abstract |
This program was drawn up at the invitation of the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, Mir Inayat Ullah, following joint survey work and discussions held over the period 1980-86. The recomendations have been accepted and will be incorporated into Department of Wildlife Protection policy. The aim of the program is the long term conservation of the snow leopard on a self sustaining basis throughout the state. Two basic assumptions underlie the program: (1) The snow leopard cannot be protected in isolation, but only in the context of conservation of the environment as a whole, and (2) To be most effective, any long term plan needs the cooperation of local people and must take into account their needs and traditional rights. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 122 |
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646 |
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