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Author Riordan, P. url 
  Title Unsupervised recognition of individual tigers and snow leopards from their footprints Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue (up) Pages 253-262  
  Keywords captive; panthera tigris; panthera uncia; snow leopard; techniques; tiger  
  Abstract This study presents the testing of two unsupervised classification methods for their ability to accurately identify unknown individual tigers, Panthera tigris, and snow leopards, Panthera uncia, from their footprints. A neural-network based method, the Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and a Bayesian method, AutoClass, were assessed using hind footprints taken from captive animals under standardized conditions. AutoClass successfully discriminated individuals of both species from their footprints. Classification accuracy was greatest for tigers, with more misclassification of individuals occurring for snow leopards. Examination of variable influence on class formations failed to identify consistently influential measurements for either species. The self-organizing map did not provide accurate classification of individuals for either species. Results were not substantially improved by altering map dimensions nor by using principal components derived from the original data. The interpretation of resulting classifications and the importance of using such techniques in the study of wild animal populations are discussed. The need for further testing in the field is highlighted.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 896 Serial 823  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Sangay, T.; Vernes, K. url 
  Title Human-wildlife conflict in the Kingdom of Bhutan: Patterns of livestock predation by large mammalian carnivores Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 141 Issue (up) Pages 1272-1282  
  Keywords bear; Bhutan; compensation; conflict; Himalayas; leopard; livestock; predation; snow leopard; tiger  
  Abstract We examined predation activity throughout Bhutan by tiger (Panthera tigris), common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) on a variety of livestock types using data gathered over the first two years (2003-2005) of a compensation scheme for livestock losses. One thousand three hundred and seventy five kills were documented, with leopards killing significantly more livestock (70% of all kills),

than tigers (19%), bears (8%) and snow leopards (2%). About 50% of livestock killing were of cattle, and about 33% were of horses, with tigers, leopards and snow leopards killing a significantly greater proportion of horses than predicted from availability. Examination of cattle kills showed that leopards killed a significantly greater proportion of smaller prey (e.g., calves), whereas tigers killed a significantly greater proportion of larger prey (e.g., bulls). Overall, livestock predation was greatest in summer and autumn which corresponded with a peak in cropping agriculture; livestock are turned out to pasture and forest during the cropping season, and subsequently, are less well guarded than at other times. Across Bhutan, high horse density and low cattle and yak density were associated with high rates of livestock attack, but no relationship was found with forest cover or human population density. Several northern districts were identified as 'predation hotspots', where proportions of livestock lost to predation were considerable, and the ratio of reported kills to relative abundance of livestock was high. Implications of our findings for mitigating livestock losses and for conserving large carnivores in Bhutan are discussed.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 903 Serial 842  
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Author Natalia, E., Sergey, N., Vyacheslav, R., Fedor, V., Antonio, H. B. J., Andrey, P., Alexander, K.,Ekaterina, P. url 
  Title HELMINTHS OF RARE FELINE SPECIES (FELIDAE) IN SIBERIA AND THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication International Journal of Research In Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 70-74  
  Keywords Helminths, Amur tiger, Amur leopard, Pallas's cat, Snow leopard.  
  Abstract Parasites diversity in close-related species of hosts may be different depending on habitat use and climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to

analyze parasites fauna in four felid species inhabiting Russian Far East and South Siberia (including taiga forest and mountain treeless areas). We

have collected 272 feces samples of four felid species: Amur tiger, Amur leopard, snow leopard and Pallas� cat. Helminths (eggs and larvae) in

excrements were studied by flotation using a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate. We have described 10 helminths species in Amur tiger feces, 6

� in Amur leopard, 2 � in snow leopard and 3 � in Pallas� cat. Obviously, snow leopard and Palls� cat had lower helminths diversity than two other

species. These differences can be explained, to some extent, by climatic parameters. The climate in the snow leopard and Pallas' cat habitats is

described by sharp and significant temperature fluctuations – the annual temperature difference can exceed 90°C, which may lead to lower survival of

the number of infectious agents in Pallas' cat excrements. In addition, the snow cover that can protect helminth eggs and larvae from the cold

temperatures especially in Amur tiger and Amur leopard habitats. Possibly, another important factor is the spatial and social organization of Pallas'

cats, with a low frequency of contacts with other individuals. Such way, species-specific differences in helminths were related, probably, with the

species evolution in different habitats
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1481  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Formozov A.N. url 
  Title Tiger and snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1952 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 169 171  
  Keywords Ussr; big cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard.; 6710; Russian  
  Abstract Over the last decades tiger, leopard and snow leopard were fully exterminated in many areas, where they formerly were common species and now became very rare ones. Few leopards can still be found in Caucasus, Copet-Dag (Turkmenistan) and south of Primorskiy krai. Irbis is remaining a common species only in the difficult-of-access highland areas of Tien Shan and very rare in the Altai. Tiger traces are sometimes found in the Amudarya river valley and in the taiga Sihote-Alinya in the Far East.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Pathfinder's companion. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 649 Serial 281  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Formozov A.N. url 
  Title Tiger. Leopard. Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 38-40  
  Keywords Ussr; big cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard.; 6730; Russian  
  Abstract The number of large cats is reducing. These animals are hold out in the most difficult of access places. During long time snow leopard was a poorly known animal. The situation was changed with developing of mountain tourism and mountaineering. It's necessary to reduce the capturing snow leopards for zoological gardens.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Pathfinder's companion. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 651 Serial 282  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Sivolobov, R. url 
  Title ENDANGERED SPECIES OF KORYAKIA AND CHUKOTKA: IRBIS, TIGER AND THE IRKUYEM-BEAR Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 225-233  
  Keywords endangered species, Beringian snow cat, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, camera-trap, Koryakia, Chukotka  
  Abstract After 30 years of searching for the mysterious Beringian snow cat in vast space of Koryakia and Chukotka

one of the five cameras recorded finally this beast at night in September 2014. This is not so much a

sensation as a real scientific discovery, saying that the hearts of the snow leopard population resettlement are

not in 5000 km from the main range boundaries, but much closer. Where? � will show further studies.

In addition to the snow leopard in the North-Eastern Asia, it found two more endangered large

mammal species: the Amur tiger and the relict of the Ice Age � the Irkuyem-bear. Author has given these

animals his life and his article devoted to this topic.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1456  
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Author Kashkarov, E. url 
  Title ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES IN WESTERN BERINGIA Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 208-217  
  Keywords zoogeographical discoveries, Snow leopard, Irbis, Amur tiger, Irkuyem-bear, global warming, hundred-year rhythm, Beringia, Koryakia, Chukotka.  
  Abstract Among zoogeographical discoveries of the frontier of XXI century there is nothing more interesting

than discoveries of Rodion Sivolobov in Western Beringia. Beringia has surprised us by

paleontological discoveries many centuries ago, and also surprised by modern one. Somehow they

came out of attention of all International environmental foundations and Academies of the world, as

if on purpose to show their professional incompetence. It is the only way to describe the

organization, not to notice the appearance of such big cats as the Snow leopard and Amur tiger for

5,000 kilometers from the border of main range, as well as large Pleistocene relict � the Irkuyembear.

All three endangered species of mammals found by Sivolobov in Koryakia and Chukotka, and

for the snow leopard he took the world's first photo in Beringia.

New facts suggests two things: (1) the ancient refuges of big cats locate to Koryakia and

Chukotka much closer of main ranges, (2) global warming, changing natural environment on the

waves of hundred-year rhythms, periodically pushing irbis and tiger on the ways of ancient

Beringian migrations stored in their genetic memories. Irkuyem is a contemporary of the mammoth.

209

Unlike it, this bear lived up to our days, but remained undetected even by the large “mammoths” of

science.
 
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1455  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Karanth, K.U., Nichols, J.D., Seidensticker, J., Dinerstein, E., David Smith, J.L., McDougal, C., Johnsingh, A.J.T., Chundawat, R.S., Thapar, V. url 
  Title Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue (up) Pages 141-146  
  Keywords population monitoring, sampling, tiger, pugmark, census, pugmark census  
  Abstract Conservation practices are supposed to get refined by advancing scientific knowledge. We study this phenomenon in the context of monitoring tiger populations in India, by evaluating the ‘pugmark census method’ employed by wildlife managers for three decades. We use an analytical framework of modern animal population sampling to test the efficacy of the pugmark censuses using scientific data on tigers and our field observations. We identify three critical goals for monitoring tiger populations, in order of increasing sophistication: (1) distribution mapping, (2) tracking relative abundance, (3) estimation of absolute abundance. We demonstrate that the present census-based paradigm does not work because it ignores the first two simpler goals, and targets, but fails to achieve, the most difficult third goal. We point out the utility and ready availability of alternative monitoring paradigms that deal with the central problems of spatial sampling and observability. We propose an alternative sampling-based approach that can be tailored to meet practical needs of tiger monitoring at different levels of refinement.  
  Address  
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  Publisher The Zoological Society of London Place of Publication United Kingdom Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1307  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hongfa, X. and Kirkpatrick, C. url 
  Title The State of Wildlife Trade in China. Information on the trade in wild animals and plants in China 2006. Type Report
  Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 3-20  
  Keywords clouded leopard, economy, illegal killing, leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, poaching, policy, snow leopard, tiger, trade, TRAFFIC, Uncia uncia  
  Abstract Welcome to the first edition of The State of Wildlife Trade in China. This publication takes a broad look at wildlife trade over the past year, particularly concerning the impact of China's consumption on globally important biodiversity 'hotspots'. The focus of The State of Wildlife Trade in China is on emerging trends in China's wildlife trade and up-to-date reviews of work to stop illegal wildlife trade and support sustainable trade. The lead story in this issue is the illegal trade in Tigers and other Asian big cats. During 2006, surveys continued to document this illegal trade, as well as highlight opportunities for action. Other stories in this issue give updates on trade in reef fishes from Southeast Asia's 'Coral Triangle' and in timber from the forests of the Russian Far East, Borneo, and East Africa. China's wildlife trade presents both challenges and opportunities. This annual report aims to provide current information about wildlife trade in China and to provide avenues for involvement in China's conservation community. It is part of TRAFFIC's on-going commitment to turn information into action.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author TRAFFIC Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1127  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Sludskiy A.A. url 
  Title Mammals Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 55-79  
  Keywords Ussr; extinct species; endangered species; Cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard; caracal; Lynx; manul.; 8180; Russian  
  Abstract The author describes the lot of extinct and endangered mammal species inhabitants of various continents. Over the last 2,000 years, on the territory now occupied by the USSR, 11 species and sub-species of mammals died away and several dozens of species and sub-species are now endangered or rare and require special conservation measures. Big Felidae species include tiger (150 170 animals), leopard (38-48 animals, of which 20-25 permanently live in the Far East, the rest migrating), snow leopard, whose population reduced drastically (about 1,000 animals), caracal, Central Asia lynx, and manul.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: To preserve for descendants. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 796 Serial 899  
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