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Author | Encke, B. | ||||
Title | The breeding of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Krefeld Zoo | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1966 | Publication | Freunde des Kolner Zoo | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue ![]() |
Winter 1966/1967 | Pages | 145-146 |
Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Krefeld Zoo, Germany | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Translated by K. Wittmeyer | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1243 | ||
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Author | Encke, B. | ||||
Title | Die sucht von schneeleoparden (Uncia uncia) im Krefelder Tierpark | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1967 | Publication | Freunde des Kolner Zoo | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue ![]() |
Winter 1966/1967 | Pages | 145-146 |
Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Krefeld Zoo | ||||
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Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1244 | ||
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Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
Title | The view from here: permit hunting of snow leopards | Type | Magazine Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Snow Line | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
Winter | Pages | 2-3 | |
Keywords | hunting; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard | ||||
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 964 | Serial | 323 | ||
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Author | Yanke, R. | ||||
Title | Think snow | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | The Zoo Review | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
Winter | Pages | 12-13 | |
Keywords | Denver Zoo, snow leopard, captive | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1183 | ||
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Author | Woodland Park Zoo | ||||
Title | No vacancy | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue ![]() |
Winter | Pages | ||
Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1268 | ||
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Author | Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. | ||||
Title | Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Biology of Reproduction | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 50 | Issue ![]() |
suppl 1 | Pages | 185 |
Keywords | fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420 | ||||
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Notes | Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994 Call Number: QP251 .B56 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 203 | Serial | 197 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. | ||||
Title | Camera-Trapping of Snow Leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 42 | Issue ![]() |
Spring | Pages | 19-21 |
Keywords | camera trapping; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; felids; tigers; tiger; techniques; surveys; survey; information; factor; marking; behavior; Ahlborn; Jackson; habitat; status; range; census; India; Hemis; High; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh; leh | ||||
Abstract | Solitary felids like tigers and snow leopards are notoriously difficult to enumerate, and indirect techniques like pugmark surveys often produce ambiguous information that is difficult to interpret because many factors influence marking behavior and frequency (Ahlborn & Jackson 1988). Considering the snow leopard's rugged habitat, it is not surprising then that information on its current status and occupied range is very limited. We adapted the camera-trapping techniques pioneered by Ullas Karanth and his associates for counting Bengal tigers to the census taking of snow leopards in the Rumbak watershed of the India's Hemis High Altitude National Park (HNP), located in Ladakh near Leh (76ø 50' to 77ø 45' East; 33ø 15' to 34ø 20'North). | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1017 | Serial | 475 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K. | ||||
Title | First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue ![]() |
Spring | Pages | 22-23 |
Keywords | study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1009 | Serial | 666 | ||
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Author | Aspinall, J. | ||||
Title | Some aspects of breeding tigers and other big cats | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | Friends of Howletts and Port Lympne | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 1 | Issue ![]() |
Spring | Pages | 26-32 |
Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Howletts, Port Lympne | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1215 | ||
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Author | Smallegange, M.M.R., Dorrestein, G.M. | ||||
Title | Voortplanting van de Sneeuwpanter | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue ![]() |
September | Pages | 1-30 | |
Keywords | snow leopard | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1248 | ||
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Author | Ricciuti, E.R. | ||||
Title | This fragile earth/Part II: Mountains besieged | Type | Magazine Article | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | International Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
November-December | Pages | 24-33 | |
Keywords | snow leopard | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1187 | ||
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Author | Poulton, S.M.C. | ||||
Title | A report on the feasibility of an ecological study of the snow leopard in northern India | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue ![]() |
November | Pages | 1-13 | |
Keywords | snow leopard, northern India | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1189 | ||
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Author | Sharma, Koustubh. McCarthy, Thomas. Johannson, Orjan. Ud Din, Jaffar. Bayarjargal, A. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopards and Telemetry: Experiences and Challenges | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Telemetry in Wildlife Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue ![]() |
No. 1 | Pages | 1 -5 |
Keywords | Snow Leopards, telemetry | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard Panthera uncia is one of the least studied felids in the world. Little is know about various aspects of the ecology of the snow leopard, which is cryptic in nature and found across 12 countries in Central Asia. Most research on snow leopards has been based on non-invasive methods such as sign surveys for presence (e.g. Jackson and Hunter 1996), scat analyses for diet (e.g. Chundawat and Rawat 1992; Oli et al., 2008, 2010) for population estimation, and studies based on human interviews (Mehta and Heinen 2001; Mishra and Bagchi 2006). Despite this plethora of studies employing non-invasive techniques, several crucial questions about snow leopard ecology remain unanswered. Information about the animal’s home range, dispersal, corridors, pattern of habitat use, movement patterns, hunting frequency, behavior and intra – specific interactions is not available yet. In order to design population monitoring studies using camera traps or DNA analyses, one needs a good understanding of snow leopard ecology, including the home range and movement patterns (Williams et al., 2002). Telemetry is still the best available method and perhaps much less invasive than direct observations for studying the biology and ecology of cryptic animals. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1380 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | A radio-telemetry study of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Nepal with emphasis on conservation and predator-prey relations | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue ![]() |
March | Pages | ||
Keywords | snow leopard, Nepal, conservation, radio telemetry, prey | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Draft | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1260 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L. | ||||
Title | An Annotated Bibliography of Literature on the Snow Leopard | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1985 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue ![]() |
June | Pages | 1-57 | |
Keywords | snow leopard, bibliography | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1202 | ||
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Author | Bower, J.N. | ||||
Title | For some endangered species, captive breeding programs are their last chance for life | Type | Magazine Article | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | National Parks and Conservation Magazine | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
June | Pages | 16-19 | |
Keywords | snow leopard, captive breeding | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1209 | ||
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Author | Alexander, J. S., Shi, K., Tallents, L. A., Riordan, P. | ||||
Title | On the high trail: examining determinants of site use by the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qilianshan, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
Fauna & Flora International | Pages | 1-8 | |
Keywords | Camera Trap, China, Detection Probability, Occupancy Modelling, Panthera Uncia, Site use, Snow Leopard | ||||
Abstract | Abstract There is a need for simple and robust techniques for assessment and monitoring of populations of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia to inform the de- velopment of action plans for snow leopard conservation. We explored the use of occupancy modelling to evaluate the influence of environmental and anthropogenic features on snow leopard site-use patterns. We conducted a camera trap survey across  km in Gansu Province, China, and used data from  camera traps to estimate probabilities of site use and detection using the single season occupancy model. We assessed the influence of three covariates on site use by snow leopards: elevation, the presence of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and the presence of human disturb- ance (distance to roads). We recorded  captures of snow leopards over , trap-days, representing a mean capture success of . captures per  trap-days. Elevation had the strongest influence on site use, with the probability of site use increasing with altitude, whereas the influence of presence of prey and distance to roads was relatively weak. Our findings indicate the need for practical and robust tech- niques to appraise determinants of site use by snow leo- pards, especially in the context of the limited resources available for such work. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1433 | ||
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Author | Alexander, J. S., Cusack, J. J., Pengju, C, Kun, S., Riordan, P. | ||||
Title | Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
Fauna & Flora International | Pages | 1-5 | |
Keywords | China, conservation, Eurasian lynx, grey wolf, red fox, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | In high-altitude settings of Central Asia the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards in China’s Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal interactions between species. Our results confirm that other carnivores, including the red fox Vulpes vulpes, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and dhole Cuon alpinus, occur along snow leopard travel routes, albeit with low detection rates. Even at the smaller scale of our camera trap survey all five carnivores (snow leopard, lynx, wolf, red fox and dhole) were observed. Kernel density estimates suggested a high degree of temporal overlap between the snow leopard and the fox, and the snow leopard and the lynx, as indicated by high overlap coefficient estimates. There is an opportunity to consider protective measures at the local scale that would benefit various species simultaneously. However, it should also be recognized that snow leopard conservation efforts could exacerbate human–wildlife conflicts through their protective effect on other carnivore species. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1434 | ||
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Author | Salvatori, M., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Krofel, M., Rovero, F. | ||||
Title | Effects of free-ranging livestock on occurrence and interspecific interactions of a mammalian community | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Ecological-Applications. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
e2644 | Pages | 1-13 | |
Keywords | activity pattern, community occupancy, grassland, interspecific interactions, livestock encroachment, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Mammalian communities inhabiting temperate grasslands are of conservation concern globally, especially in Central Asia, where livestock numbers have dramatically increased in recent decades, leading to overgrazing and land-use change. Yet, how this pervasive presence of livestock herds affects the community of wild mammals remains largely unstudied. We used systematic camera trapping at 216 sites across remote, mountainous areas of the Mongolian Altai Mountains to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence and the interspecific relationships within a mammalian community that includes different categories of livestock. By adopting a recently proposed multispecies occupancy model that incorporates interspecific correlation in occupancy, we found several statistically strong correlations in occupancy among species pairs, with the majority involving livestock. The sign of such associations was markedly species-dependent, with larger wild species of conservation concern, namely, snow leopard and Siberian ibex, avoiding livestock presence. As predicted, we found evidence of a positive correlation in occupancy between predators and their respective main prey. Contrary to our expectations, a number of intraguild species pairs also showed positive co-occurrence, with no evidence of spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Overall, our study suggests that livestock encroaching into protected areas influences the whole local community of wild mammals. Though pastoralism has coexisted with wildlife for millennia in central Asian grasslands, our findings suggest that policies and practices to decrease the pressure of livestock husbandry on wildlife are needed, with special attention on large species, such as the snow leopard and its wild prey, which seem to be particularly sensitive to this pervasive livestock presence. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1690 | ||
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Author | Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Liu, Y., Luo, Y., Orrick, K., Alexander, J. S., Sangpo, J. T., Clark, S. G. | ||||
Title | Contextualizing sociodemographic differences in Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2023 | Publication | Conservation Science and Practice | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue ![]() |
e13049 | Pages | 1-15 | |
Keywords | ABC model, brown bear, gray wolf, snow leopard, Tibet | ||||
Abstract | Fostering human–wildlife coexistence necessitates a thorough and nuanced grasp of local attitudes toward wildlife. Attitudes can vary substantially based on the sociodemographic backgrounds of individuals within a society. This study examines Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores, emphasizing the importance of contextualization in discerning the effects of sociodemographic factors on attitudes. We began by analyzing existing research on Tibetan attitudes toward wildlife in China, identifying previously studied sociodemo- graphic variables. We then executed an online survey to evaluate the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and overall attitudes of ethnic Tibetans in China toward snow leopards (Panthera uncia), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and brown bears (Ursus arctos). Our findings show that while factors such as gender, age, religious identity, and level of education shape these attitudes, their influence differs depending on the specific attitude component and the target animal under examination. Therefore, making broad generalizations about sociodemographic differences in attitudes can be misleading. It is imperative for attitude research to clearly define the attitude component (what type of attitude), object (attitude toward what), and circumstance (attitude in which situation) being studied. Conducting ethnographic fieldwork in collaboration with local cultural experts can deepen our understanding of local perspectives and the ways sociodemographic factors influence attitudes. Such insights are pivotal for developing conservation strategies attuned to local sociocultural contexts. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1736 | ||
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Author | Arias, M., Coals, P., Ardiantiono, Elves-Powell, J., Rizzolo, J. B., Ghoddousi, A., Boron, V., da Silva, M., Naude, V., Williams, V., Poudel, S., Loveridge, A., Payan, E., Suryawanshi, K., Dickman, A. | ||||
Title | Reflecting on the role of human-felid conflict and local use in big cat trade | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2024 | Publication | Conservation Science and Practice | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue ![]() |
e13030 | Pages | 1-7 |
Keywords | conflict, illegal trade, jaguar, leopard, lion, Panthera, snow leopard, tiger, wildlife crime | ||||
Abstract | Illegal trade in big cat (Panthera spp.) body parts is a prominent topic in scientific and public discourses concerning wildlife conservation. While illegal trade is generally acknowledged as a threat to big cat species, we suggest that two enabling factors have, to date, been under-considered. To that end, we discuss the roles of human-felid conflict, and “local” use in illegal trade in big cat body parts. Drawing examples from across species and regions, we look at generalities, contextual subtleties, ambiguities, and definitional complexities. We caution against underestimating the extent of “local” use of big cats and highlight the potential of conflict killings to supply body parts. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1745 | ||
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Author | Karki, A., Panthi, S. | ||||
Title | Factors affecting livestock depredation by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Himalayan region of Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | PeerJ | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue ![]() |
e11575 | Pages | 1-14 |
Keywords | Conflict,Habitat,Himalaya,Livestockdepredation,Modeling,Snowleopard,Wildlife management | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) found in central Asia is classified as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Every year, large number of livestock are killed by snow leopards in Nepal, leading to economic loss to local communities and making human-snow leopard conflict a major threat to snow leopard conservation. We conducted formal and informal stakeholder’s interviews to gather information related to livestock depredation with the aim to map the attack sites by the snow leopard. These sites were further validated by district forest office staffs to assess sources of bias. Attack sites older than 3 years were removed from the survey. We found 109 attack sites and visited all the sites for geo location purpose (GPS points of all unique sites were taken). We maintained at least a 100 m distance between attack locations to ensure that each attack location was unique, which resulted in 86 unique locations. A total of 235 km2 was used to define livestock depredation risk zone during this study. Using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, we found that distance to livestock sheds, distance to paths, aspect, and distance to roads were major contributing factors to the snow leopard’s attacks. We identified 13.64 km2 as risk zone for livestock depredation from snow leopards in the study area. Furthermore, snow leopards preferred to attack livestock near livestock shelters, far from human paths and at moderate distance from motor roads. These identified attack zones should be managed both for snow leopard conservation and livestock protection in order to balance human livelihoods while protecting snow leopards and their habitats. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1640 | |||
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Author | Tallian, A., Mattisson, J., Samelius, G., Odden, J., Mishra, C., Linnell, J. D. C., Lkhagvajav, P., Johansson, O. | ||||
Title | Wild versus domestic prey: Variation in the kill-site behavior of two large felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2023 | Publication | Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 47 | Issue ![]() |
e026750 | Pages | 1-13 |
Keywords | Eurasian lynx, Handling time, Landscape, Livestock, Predation, Snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Livestock depredation is an important source of conflict for many terrestrial large carnivore species. Understanding the foraging behavior of large carnivores on domestic prey is therefore important for both mitigating conflict and conserving threatened carnivore populations. Handling time is an important, albeit often overlooked, component of predatory behavior, as it directly influences access to food biomass, which can affect predator foraging efficiency and subsequent kill rates. We used long-term data on snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Mongolia (Asia) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Norway (Europe) to examine how large carnivore foraging patterns varied between domestic and wild prey, and how the different landscape characteristics affected those patterns. Our results suggest handling time was generally shorter for domestic compared to wild prey. For snow leopards, rugged terrain was linked to increased handling time for larger prey. For lynx, handling time increased with terrain ruggedness for domestic, but not wild, prey, and was greater in closed compared to open habitats. There were also other differences in snow leopard and lynx foraging behavior, e.g., snow leopards also stayed longer at, and remained closer to, their kill sites than lynx. Shorter handling time suggests that felids may have utilized domestic prey less effectively than wild prey, i.e., they spent less time consuming their prey. This could a) result in an energetic or fitness cost related to decreased felid foraging efficiency caused by the risk of anthropogenic disturbance, or b) exacerbate conflict if reduced handling time associated with easy prey results in increased livestock depredation. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1737 | ||
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Author | Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S. P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C. M. S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V., Ostrowski, S. | ||||
Title | Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2023 | Publication | Global Ecology & Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 41 | Issue ![]() |
e02350 | Pages | 1-13 |
Keywords | Snow leopard, Artificial intelligence, Camera trap misclassification, individual ID, HotSpotter | ||||
Abstract | Camera trapping is the most widely used data collection method for estimating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) abundance; however, the accuracy of this method is limited by human observer errors from misclassifying individuals in camera trap images. We evaluated the extent Whiskerbook (www.whiskerbook.org), an artificial intelligence (AI) software, could reduce this error rate and enhance the accuracy of capture-recapture abundance estimates. Using 439 images of 34 captive snow leopard individuals, classification was performed by five observers with prior experience in individual snow leopard ID (“experts”) and five observers with no such experience (“novices”). The “expert” observers classified 35 out of 34 snow leopard individuals, on average erroneously splitting one individual into two, thus resulting in a higher number than true individuals. The success rate of experts was 90 %, with less than a 3 % error in estimating the population size in capture-recapture modeling. However, the “novice” observers successfully matched 71 % of encounters, recognizing 25 out of 34 individuals, underestimating the population by 25 %. It was found that expert observers significantly outperformed novice observers, making statistically fewer errors (Mann Whitney U test P = 0.01) and finding the true number of individuals (P = 0.01). These differences were contrasted with a previous study by Johansson et al. 2020, using the same subset of 16 individuals from European zoos. With the help of AI and the Whiskerbook platform, “experts” were able to match 87 % of encounters and identify 15 out of 16 individuals, with modeled estimates of 16 ± 1 individuals. In contrast, “novices” were 63 % accurate in matching encounters and identified 12 out of 16 individuals, modeling 12 ± 1 individuals that underestimated the population size by 12 %. When comparing the performance of observers using AI and the Whiskerbook platform to observers performing the tasks manually, we found that observers using Whiskerbook made significantly fewer errors in splitting one individual into two (P = 0.04). However, there were also a significantly higher number of combination errors, where two individuals were combined into one (P = 0.01). Specifically, combination errors were found to be made by “novices” (P = 0.04). Although AI benefited both expert and novice observers, expert observers outperformed novices. Our results suggest that AI effectively reduced the misclassification of individual snow leopards in camera trap studies, improving abundance estimates. However, even with AI support, expert observers were needed to obtain the most accurate estimates. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1715 | ||
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Author | Rode, J., Lambert, C., Marescot, L., Chaix, B., Beesau, J., Bastian, S., Kyrbashev, J., Cabanat, A.L. | ||||
Title | Population monitoring of snow leopards using camera trapping in Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, between 2016 and 2019 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 31 | Issue ![]() |
e01850 | Pages | 1-6 |
Keywords | Snow leopard, camera trapping, Citizen science, Kyrgyzstan | ||||
Abstract | Four field seasons of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) camera trapping inside Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, performed thanks to citizen science expeditions, allowed detecting a minimal population of five adults, caught every year with an equilibrated sex ratio (1.5:1) and reproduction: five cubs or subadults have been identified from three litters of two different females. Crossings were observed one to three times a year, in front of most camera traps, and several times a month in front of one of them. Overlap of adults’ minimal territories was observed in front of several camera traps, regardless of their sex. Significant snow leopard presence was detected in the buffer area and at Ulan area which is situated at the reserve border. To avoid poaching on this apex predator and its preys, extending the more stringent protection measures of the core zone to both the Southern buffer area and land adjacent to Ulan is recommended. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1660 | ||
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