Abstract: The rare species are protected in six nature reserves in Kazakhstan, including 9 mammals, 29 birds, and one reptile species. More than 20 rare and endangered species inhabiting Kazakhstan cannot be met within the nature reserves. The point is to establish a network of state nature reserves, particularly in steppe and desert area of the country.

Abstract: Fauna of invertebrate and vertebrate species in highlands of Kyrgyzstan is described. Mammals are represented by ibex and mountain sheep, snow leopard, dhole, stone marten, Royle's mountain vole, picas, bear, grey and long-tailed marmot; birds are represented by black and griffon vultures, Egyptian vulture, snow-cocks, chukars, rose finch, swallows, swifts, etc. A brief description of their way of life is given.

Abstract: The Red Data Book of the USSR includes 111 mammal species and 67 bird species. The following species inhabit or from time to time come into Kyrgyzstan: free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot, red dog, Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, Central Asia otter, Turkistan lynx, manul, snow leopard, antelope, Tien-Shan wild sheep, and bison; Dalmatian pelican, rose pelican, black stork, flamingo, bar-headed goose, white-headed duck, osprey, short-toed eagle, tawny eagle, imperial eagle, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, Pallas's sea eagle, bearded vulture, Himallayan griffon, Sociable plover, Saker falcon, Peregrine falcon, great bustard, houbara, little bustard, etc.

Abstract: Due to development of new lands and increased anthropogenic pressure animals are displaced from their habitats. Intense poaching caused dying away a number of animals such as Turan tiger, moral, and kulan in Uzbekistan at the end of 19th beginning of 20th century. The endangered species are marchor, cheetah, lynx, snow leopard, caracal, and cobra. Species put on the verge of a total extermination are included in the national Red Data Book (22 mammal species, 31 bird species, five reptile and five fish species). The introduction of some species such as raccoon, European fallow deer, nylghau, and chinchilla was unsuccessful.

Abstract: It describes history of the Chatkal and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning hydrography, soils, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna, and main aspects of scientific work.