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Author Ahmad, A. url 
  Title Protection of Snow Leopards through Grazier Communities:Some Examples from WWF-Pakistan's Projects in the Northern Areas Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 265-272  
  Keywords conservation; Pakistan; Wwf; world-wildlife-fund; livestock; herders; herder; status; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; Dir; chitral; predator; prey; grazier; pelt; fur; coat; skin; poaching; Khunjerab; Marco-Polo-sheep; ibex; markhor; hunting; browse; protected; area; sheep; Marco-Polo; 2040  
  Abstract Snow leopards occur near the snow line in northern Pakistan in the districts of Swat, Dir and Chitral of the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Muzaffarabad district in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan districts in the Northern Areas. Although a number of protected areas are present in the form of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves (Table 1) where legal protection is available to all wildlife species, including snow leopards, the status of this endangered species is not improving satisfactorily. The reasons are many and range from direct persecution by livestock owners to the less than strict management of protected areas.

Because of remote and inaccessible locations and lack of proper communication with local communities, government officials and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with conservation find it difficult to obtain statistics on mortality of snow leopards. However, the killing of snow leopards is not uncommon. Because of the close and long-term association between local villagers and snow leopards, it is only through the support and cooperation of these peoples that protection of this endangered species can be assured against most of the existing threats. The effects of such cooperation has been clearly shown through some of the conservation projects of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – Pakistan. Details of such projects and certain lessons that can be learned from these and similar projects are discussed in this paper.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (up) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 209 Serial 40  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hussain, S. url 
  Title Nature and Human Nature: Conservation, Values and Snow Leopard Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords snow; leopard; nature; Human; environment; environmental; conservation; conserving; conserve; economic; incentives; cbc; 4940  
  Abstract The failure of top-down environmental conservation practices gave rise to the so-called

`Community Based Conservation' or CBC approach. CBC promises to achieve the dual goals of

conserving nature and improving peoples' livelihoods. CBC programs also aim to involve local

communities as active partners in conservation efforts, and to use traditional knowledge and

local values in management of resources (Adams & Hulme 2001; Agrawal & Gibson 1999).

There are variations between different CBC programs; however, the underlying rationale of the

approach, common to all programs, is that introducing or changing economic incentives into the

conservation calculus of local people will bring about the behavioural change necessary for

successful conservation (Kellert et al 2000). Thus, the major emphasis in CBC programs is

conserving nature based on its utilitarian value. Since utilitarian value is measured in terms of

economics, hence the emphasis of CBCs on economic incentives in promoting conservation.

Recent evaluation of the CBC approach has shown that while local people may have benefited in

economic terms from the use of nature, no tangible improvements in biodiversity conservation

have occurred (Kellert et al 2000; Terborgh 1999). The disappointing performance of CBC

programs, which promised so much and yet have failed in practice to deliver, has recently lead to

a resurgence of the protectionist approach, calling for a renewed separation between the

conservation and human development objectives (Redford & Sanderson 2000; Terborgh 1999;

Oats 1999). Others, however, believe that the CBC approach has enormous potential, and that a

return to protectionist strategies would be disastrous, like `reinventing the square wheel'

(Brechin 2001; Wilhusen 2001). It is crucial that the flaws in the CBC approach are remedied if

there is to be any hope of a conservation agenda that does not conflict with the needs, aspirations

and interests of local people, and that therefore has a chance of having a long term, sustainable

conservation outcome.
 
  Address  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor  
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  Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 480 Serial 400  
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Author Kovshar A.F. url 
  Title Snow leopard. Uncia uncia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 85-86  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; snow leopard; distribution; diet; wild ibex; argali; number; breeding; poaching; over livestock; nature reserves.; 7400; Russian  
  Abstract In the Soviet Union snow leopard inhabits highlands of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Altai and the Sayans. In Kazakhstan, this species can be found in Jungara Alatau, Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, Saura, and Altai; formerly was seen at the Karatau ridge. It mostly preys on ibex and argali. The heat time is February April, cubs are born in May June. Its population has decrease because of the initiation of livestock grazing on mountain pastures, poaching, and wild ungulates population shrinkage. This species is protected in Aksu Jabagly and Almaty nature reserves. More nature reserves need to be established in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In the world of rare animals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 718 Serial 584  
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Author Kovshar A.F. url 
  Title Soils. Plants and animals. Vertical zones Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 21-41  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Aklu Jabagly nature reserve; establishment; soil; climate; physiographic factors; researching; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 7340; Russian  
  Abstract A description of the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, flora and fauna. In the nature reserve there are 238 birds, 42 mammals, 9 reptiles and 2 fishes. Snow leopard inhabited in the nature reserve.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Aksu Jabagly nature reserve. Guidebook for nature reserve. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 712 Serial 579  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Koshkarev, E.P. url 
  Title An Unusual Hunt Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 9-12  
  Keywords Tien-Shan; tracking; feces; ibex; hunting; predator; prey; browse; behavior; 940  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Full text available at URLTien Shan High Mountain Physical Geography Staion, Kirghizian Academy of Sciences (Pokrovka) USSRDocument Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 402 Serial 571  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Koshkarev, E. url 
  Title What Has Happened to the Snow Leopard After the Break-Up of Soviet Union? Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Xvi Issue Pages  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Tadzhikistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; poaching; hunting; capturing; pelts; skins; coats; furs; trade; status; distribution; bones; medicine; conservation; kazakstan; Tajikistan; browse; soviet; union; 4050  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Full Text at URLEvgeniy Koshkarev, member of the Conservation Advisory Board of theInternational Snow Leopard TrustVitaly Vyrypaev, member of Asia-Irbis, International Research Group (this research was supported by Kathleen Braden, Valerie Trueblood, Bonnie and Dick Robbins (USA), Sacred Earth Network (USA), NABU (Germany). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 380 Serial 567  
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Author Abdusalamov I.A. url 
  Title Required protection measures for rare and endangered vertebrate species in Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume N 2 (143) Issue Pages 40-48  
  Keywords Tajikistan; vertebrates; protected areas; endangered species; snow leopard.; 5840; Russian  
  Abstract The network of Tajikistan's protected areas (four nature reserves, 14 national and 18 regional sanctuaries, one national park) is described. The establishment of `Shakhristan state complex nature reserve' and `Sarykamish state complex reserve', and interstate nature complex park on northern slope of the Turkestan ridge is recommended to improve conservation practices for a number of endangered vertebrate animal species in Northern Tajikistan (such as brown bear, snow leopard, wild sheep, and others).  
  Address  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: News of the Academy of Science of Tajikistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 563 Serial 29  
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Author Koshkarev E.P. url 
  Title Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of habitat, ecology, protection Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 100 p.  
  Keywords Kyzgyzstan; snow leopard; life-history; distribution; habitats; number; diet; behavior; conservation measures.; 7240; Russian  
  Abstract Habitat, status of population, geographical distribution, number, and ecology of snow leopard in Tien Shan are analyzed based on original realistic material collected 1981 through 1988.Information about irbis in the `foreign' part of its habitat is given for comparison. The reasons for snow leopard habitat shrinkage in Central Asia and Kazakhstan for over 100 years are assessed. Status of ungulate populations snow leopard prey on is given. The predator's behavioral pattern and condition in enclosure are given consideration. Protection measures are proposed.  
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  Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 702 Serial 558  
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Author Kataevsky V.N. url 
  Title Specific of fauna of mammals in Besh Aral nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 139-142  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Besh Aral nature reserve; mammals; number; snow leopard; Lynx; ibex; wild boar.; 7140; Russian  
  Abstract Diversity of mammals in Besh Aral nature reserve, Kyrgyzstan is presented. Also analysis of the density of mammals in their habitats is given. Totally 31 mammals inhabited in nature reserve: 13 rodents, 11 carnivores, 3 ungulates, 2 hares, 1 insectivore and 1 bat. Number of snow leopard assessed as 8 individuals, Turkestan lynx 10, wild boar 100 and ibex 400 individuals. Snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot included in national Red data Book as well as in Global Red List.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Status and perspectives. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 692 Serial 524  
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Author Kaletskiy A.A. url 
  Title May-“traven” Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 60-75  
  Keywords Ussr; flora; fauna; snow leopard; use.; 7040; Russian  
  Abstract Diverse flora and fauna and seasonal phenomena in nature are stated in a popular form. Snow leopard is noticed to be a rare species, its population being significantly influenced by catching for zoos: over 400 snow leopards have been caught for this purpose over the last 35 years.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Kaleidoscope of naturalist. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 682 Serial 511  
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Author Jinguo, Z. url 
  Title Case report on vesicular calculus of snow leopard Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 209-212  
  Keywords veterinary; medicine; calculus; urinary-tract; treatment; browse; urinary tract; urinary; tract; 3840  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard TrustPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 235 Serial 496  
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Author Jackson, R. url 
  Title The Snow Leopard Conservancy, Dedicated to demonstrating innovative, grassroots measures that lead local shepherds to become better stewards of the endangered snow leopard, its prey and habitat Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords livestock-depredation; livestock; herders; conflict; Iucn; enclosures; pens; corrals; trap; poison; hunting; behavior; Ladakh; guard-dogs; Dogs; economics; incentives; compensation; depredation; guard; browse; 4060  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 377 Serial 465  
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Author Jackson, R. url 
  Title Linking Snow Leopard Conservation and People-Wildlife Conflict Resolution, Summary of a multi-country project aimed at developing grass-roots measures to protect the endangered snow leopard from herder retribution Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue Pages 12-15  
  Keywords livestock-depredation; livestock; pastoralists; herders; Pakistan; Nepal; Tibet; Mongolia; India; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; snow-leopard-incentive-program; economics; tourism; pens; corrals; enclosures; trapping; poisoning; killing; cubs; dens; retribution; behavior; predator; prey; Qomolangma; habitat; feces; fecal-analysis; compensation; Dogs; guard-dogs; religion; conservation; browse; depredation; snow; leopard; incentive; program; fecal; analysis; guard; Dog; 4000  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 375 Serial 464  
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Author Jackson, R. url 
  Title Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Qomolangma; livestock; Tibet; predator; predation; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; conflict; corrals; pens; depredation; livestock-depredation; browse; livestock depredation; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; 4020  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Full Text at URLMay 6, 1999Rodney M. Jackson (Author)Contact and Mailing Address: 18030 Comstock Ave,Sonoma, CA 95476Phone (707) 935-3851; Fax 933-9618; E-mail: rodjackson@mountain.org Author's Title: Senior Program Associate for Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, The Mountain Institute, Dogwood and Main Streets, Franklin, WV 26807; and Conservation Director, International Snow Leopard Trust, Suite 325, 4649 Sunnyside Ave., North, Seattle, WA 98103 Title: Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve Key Words: crop damage, wildlife depredation, conflict resolution, Tibet Subject: Managing conflict in protected areasPresentation Type: Oral paper Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 364 Serial 462  
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Author Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. url 
  Title The role of protected areas in Nepal in maintaining viable populations of snow leopards Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 51-69  
  Keywords Nepal; conservation; management; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; island-biology-theory; population-limits; habitat; suitability; 3040  
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  Notes Full text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 165 Serial 444  
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Author Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G.   
  Title Snow leopards (Panthera- uncia) in Nepal – home range and movements Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication National Geographic Research Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 161-175  
  Keywords Nepal; asia; home-range; movements; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; home; range; home range; panthera; panthera uncia; uncia; 840  
  Abstract  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Addresses:JACKSON R, CALIF INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,SNOW LEOPARD PROJECT,910 K ST,DAVIS,CA 95616 Publisher:NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC, WASHINGTON Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 128 Serial 441  
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Author Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. url 
  Title Snow Leopard and Prey Species Workshop in Bhutan Type Miscellaneous
  Year Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Jigme-Dorji; Bhutan; workshop; Slims; blue-sheep; tourism; Islt; parks; reserves; protected-areas; tracks; surveys; international snow leopard trust; blue; sheep; browse; 4070  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 6 Serial 431  
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Author Jack; Jill; Jackson, P.; Wharton, D.; Jackson, R. url 
  Title Snow leopard, Ucia uncia Type Miscellaneous
  Year Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Slims; status; distribution; habitat; diet; China; Mongolia; Kyrgyzstan; discription; range; conservation; behavior; browse; 4040  
  Abstract  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 4 Serial 426  
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Author Ishunin G.I. url 
  Title Genus Snow leopard Uncia gray, 1854 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 94-97  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; mammals; game species; biology; distribution; practical use; conservation measures.; 6940; Russian  
  Abstract It provides data concerning biology, distribution and use game and commercial mammal species in Uzbekistan, and recommends on ways of hunting and initial fur-skin processing. It also describes the matter of conservation and rehabilitation of rare species' populations. From 1930-s to 1960-s over 20 snow leopard skins were reported to be traded officially.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game animals of Uzbekistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 672 Serial 418  
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Author Isenbugel, E.; Weilemann P. url 
  Title Treatment of Bladder Diverticulum and Ascites in a Female Snow Leopard Type Conference Article
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 171-172  
  Keywords Bladder; diverticulum; ascites; zoo; veterinary; medicine; surgery; medical; browse; 1740  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India Place of Publication India Editor H.Freeman  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 121 Serial 410  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author International Snow Leopard Trust url 
  Title International Snow Leopard Trust, Conservation and Education Program for 1999 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords education; conservation; livestock; corrals; pens; predator; prey; poaching; hunting; depredation; Dna; Mongolia; Macne; Slims; gobi; Tibet; Qomolangma; Nepal; Bhutan; China; Afghanistan; India; Pakistan; Wwf; browse; 4030  
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  Notes Full Text at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 365 Serial 406  
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Author Berenstein, F. url 
  Title The snow leopard. Fusion in an Elaborated Delusional Fantasy Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Am J Psychoanal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 377-397  
  Keywords Adolescence; Case; Report; Countertransference; Psychology; Divorce; Fantasy; Gender; Identity; Human; Male; Parent-Child; Relations; Professional-Patient; Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Psychoanalytic; therapy; Psychosexual; development; Transference; parent; child; professional; patient; interpretation; browse; 340  
  Abstract  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0002-9548 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 68 Serial 130  
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Author De Groot, H.; Van Swieten, P.; Aalberse, R.C. url 
  Title Evidence for a Fel d I-like molecule in the “big cats” (Felidae species) Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication J Allergy Clin Immunol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 86 Issue 1 Pages 107-116  
  Keywords Adolescence; Adult; Allergens; immunology; Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; diagnostic; use; Antibody; Specificity; Carnivora; Cats; Comparative; study; Cross; Reactions; Hair; Histamine; Release; Human; IgE; analysis; IgG; Middle; Age; Radioallergosorbent; Test; methods; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; us; government; gov't; 240  
  Abstract In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity pattern of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the major feline allergen, Fel d I. We studied the IgE and IgG4 response of 11 cat-allergic patients against Fel d I-like structures in eight members of the Felidae family: ocelot, puma, serval, siberian tiger, lion, jaguar, snow leopard, and caracal. Hair from these “big cats” was collected, extracted, and used in a RAST system and histamine-release test. By means of a RAST-inhibition assay with affinity-purified Fel d I from cat dander, it was established that, in the Felidae species, a Fel d I equivalent is present that reacts with IgE and IgG4 antibodies. We found that all patients had cross-reacting IgE antibodies to seven of the Felidae tested; no IgE antibodies reactive with the caracal were found. Eight of 10 patients with IgG4 antibodies directed to cat dander also had IgG4 antibodies directed to several Felidae species, including the caracal. However, the correlation between the IgE and the IgG4 antibody specificity was low, indicating that, in the case of Fel d I IgE and IgG4, antibodies do not necessarily have the same specificity.  
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  ISSN (up) 0091-6749 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 157 Serial 233  
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Author Thorel, M.F.; Karoui, C.; Varnerot, A.; Fleury, C.; Vincent, V. url 
  Title Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from baboons, leopards and a sea-lion Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Vet Res Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 207-212  
  Keywords Animal; Animals; zoo; Carnivora; microbiology; Case; Report; Cattle; Dna; Fingerprinting; Transposable; Elements; Disease; Outbreaks; veterinary; France; Genome; Bacterial; Germany; Male; Monkey; Diseases; diagnosis; epidemiology; Mycobacterium; Infections; bovis; classification; isolation; purification; Papio; Seals; browse; 440  
  Abstract This study reports on two series of cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. The first was in a captive population of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (Panthera uncia and Panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (Otaria byrona). The isolation and identification of strains of M. bovis confirmed the presence of M. bovis infections in both zoos. The epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting system made it possible to differentiate between M. bovis strains. The M. bovis strains isolated from baboons were shown to contain a single IS6110 copy, as usually do cattle isolates, whereas the M. bovis strains isolated from the other exotic animals presented multiple copies. This finding suggests that the origin of the contamination for the baboons in zoo A could be related to cattle. The origin of the contamination for the leopards and sea-lion in zoo B is more difficult to determine. In conclusion, the authors suggest some recommendations for avoiding outbreaks of tuberculosis infections in zoos.  
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  ISSN (up) 0928-4249 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 346 Serial 966  
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Author Roth, T.L.; Armstrong, D.L.; Barrie, M.T.; Wildt, D.E. url 
  Title Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Reprod Fertil Dev Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 285-295  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; Blood; physiology; Estradiol; Female; Gonadotropins; administration; dosage; pharmacology; Chorionic; Equine; Human; Insemination; artificial; methods; veterinary; Laparoscopy; Male; Oocytes; cytology; Ovary; drug; effects; Ovulation; Induction; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Seasons; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 400  
  Abstract Ovaries of the seasonally-breeding snow leopard (Uncia uncia) were examined to determine whether they were responsive to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. The potential of laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) also was assessed for producing offspring. During the non-breeding, pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons, females (n = 20) were treated with a standardized, dual- hormone regimen given intramuscularly (600 I.U. of equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed 80-84 h later with 300 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)). Laparoscopy was performed 45-50 h after administration of hCG, and all ovarian structures were described. Females with fresh corpora lutea (CL) were inseminated, and anovulatory females were subjected to follicular aspiration to examine oocyte quality. Snow leopards responded to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. Mean number of total ovarian structures (distinct follicles mature in appearance plus CL) did not differ (P > or = 0.05) with season, but the proportion of CL: total ovarian structures was greater (P < 0.01) for the breeding season compared with all other seasons. The proportion of females ovulating was greater (P < 0.05) during the breeding and post-breeding seasons than during the pre-breeding and non- breeding seasons respectively. No Grade-1 quality oocytes were recovered from follicles of anovulatory females. Serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta appeared elevated in all females, and neither oestradiol-17 beta concentrations nor progesterone concentrations differed (P > or = 0.05) among seasons. Of 15 females artificially inseminated, the only one that was inseminated in the non-breeding season became pregnant and delivered a single cub. This is the first successful pregnancy resulting from AI in this endangered species.  
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  ISSN (up) 1031-3613 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 325 Serial 830  
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