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| Author | Vipin, Golla, T. R., Sharma, V., Kumar, B. K., Gaur, A. | ||||
| Title | Kleptoparasitic interaction between Snow Leopard Panthera uncia and Red Fox Vulpes vulpes suggested by circumstantial evidence in Pin Valley National Park, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Journal of Threatened Taxa | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 21928-21935 |
| Keywords | Animal interaction, carnivore, mammals, prey, Trans-Himalaya. | ||||
| Abstract | In the present study, we describe an interspecific kleptoparasitic interaction between two sympatric mammalian carnivores in the high altitudinal Trans-Himalaya region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was based on the inferences drawn from the circumstantial evidence (direct and indirect) noticed in the study area in Pin Valley National Park. The inferences from the analysis of the evidence suggested the interaction between a Snow Leopard Panthera uncia, a Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, and a donkey. The arrangement of evidence in a sequential manner suggested that a donkey was killed by a Snow Leopard and a Red Fox stole the food from the carrion of the Snow Leopard’s prey. The Red Fox was killed by the Snow Leopard, which was caught while stealing. The present study represents an example of kleptoparasitic interaction between the Snow Leopard and the Red Fox. This study also proves that such interactions may cost the life of a kleptoparasite and supports the retaliation behaviour of Snow Leopards. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1702 | ||
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| Author | Islam, M., Sahana, M., Areendran, G., Jamir, C., Raj, K., Sajjad, H. | ||||
| Title | Prediction of potential habitat suitability of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and niche overlap in the parts of western Himalayan region | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Geo: Geography and Environment | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | e00121 | Pages | 1-15 |
| Keywords | bioclimatic variables, habitat suitability, MaxEnt model, niche overlap, western Himalayan region | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the inhabitants of remote areas at higher altitudes with extreme geographic and climatic conditions. The habitats of these least-studied species are crucial for sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem. We employed the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution model to predict the potential habitat suitability of snow leopards and blue sheep and extracted common overlapped niches. For this, we utilised presence location, bio-climatic and environmental variables, and correlation analysis was applied to reduce the negative impact of multicollinearity. A total of 134 presence locations of snow leopards and 64 for blue sheep were selected from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The annual mean temperature (Bio1) was found to be the most useful and highly influential factor to predict the potential habitat suitability of snow leopards. Annual mean temperature, annual precipitation and isothermality were the major influencing factors for blue sheep habitat suitability. Highly influential bio-climatic, topographic and environmental variables were integrated to construct the model for predicting habitat suitability. The area under the curve (AUC) values for snow leopard (0.87) and blue sheep (0.82) showed that the models are under good representation. Of the total area investigated, 47% was suitable for the blue sheep and 38% for the snow leopards. Spatial habitat assessment revealed that nearly 11% area from the predicted suitable habitat class of both species was spatially matched (overlapped), 48.6% area was unsuitable under niche overlap and 40.5% area was spatially mismatched niche. The presence of snow leopards and blue sheep in some highly suitable areas was not observed, yet such areas have the potential to sustain these elusive species. The other geographical regions interested in exploring habitat suitability may find the methodological framework adopted in this study useful for formulating an effective conservation policy and management strategy. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1719 | ||
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| Author | Thapa, K., Baral, S., Rahamajhi, S. | ||||
| Title | Effectiveness of Human-Snow leopard co-existence measure- a systematic analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Journal for Nature Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 126511 | Pages | 1-11 |
| Keywords | Community-based conservation, Himalayan, Snow leopard range countries | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopards and agropastoral communities have co-existed in snow leopard range countries for centuries. The vulnerable snow leopard forms and maintains the entire ecosystem, serving as an indicator species of a healthy alpine ecosystem. However, snow leopards, on the other hand, habitually kill livestock, occasionally killing 100 or more livestock in a single night, resulting in snow leopard retaliation. Thus, the snow leopard is becoming more threatened, so more attention should be paid. Therefore, numerous conservation mitigation strategies have been applied to maintain human-snow leopard coexistence in countries of the snow leopard range. However, such implemented conservation strategies lacked a thorough assessment of their achievements or shortcomings in protecting the snow leopard and enhancing community tolerance. Therefore, we systematically examined and evaluated peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on existing and implemented mitigation measures. We use the software Publish or Perish to achieve this, and we assess using the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review approach. We thoroughly analyzed 42 papers and book chapters that were condensed human- snow leopard co-existence-related literature published in English from 2010 to 2023. Almost 90% of the papers were country-specific, with the remaining papers covering regional or snow leopard ranges countries. Nepal had the most papers, followed by China, India, and Mongolia; however, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan each had<10%, but there was no single document from Kazakhstan or Kyrgyzstan. Predator-proof corral, improved herding practices, and community-based insurance programs were three of the key recommendations that were more than 10 to 22 times proposed interventions. There are site-specific sociocultural situations and environments that require long-term action-oriented research that is area-specific rather than short-term and generic interventions. We identified a large knowledge gap in snow leopard research, specifically a lack of evidence that demonstrates and quantifies the effects of conservation actions, and strongly advise that it be further researched. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1735 | ||
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| Author | Sharma, M., Khanyari, M., Khara, A., Bijoor, A., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R. | ||||
| Title | Can livestock grazing dampen density-dependent fluctuations in wild herbivore populations? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Journal of Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-12 | ||
| Keywords | competition, Gompertz state-space model, Himalaya, livestock, long-term study, negative density dependence, recruitment | ||||
| Abstract | 1. Conservation policy for the high mountains of Asia increasingly recognises the need to encompass large multi-use landscapes beyond the protected area network. Due to limited long-term research in this region, our understanding of even fundamental processes, such as factors regulating large mammal populations is poor. 2. Understanding the factors that regulate animal populations, especially those generating cyclicity, is a long-standing problem in ecology. Long-term research across multiple taxa (mainly from Europe and North America) has focussed on the relative roles of food and predation in generating cyclicity in population dynamics. It remains unclear how trophic interactions that are influenced by anthropogenic stressors can affect population dynamics in human-modified landscapes. 3. We present a 10-year study to compare the effects of livestock grazing on density-dependent dynamics in two populations of bharal, Pseudois nayaur, in the Himalayas. We combine this with a mechanistic understanding of whether density dependence in these two sites acts predominantly by affecting adult survival or recruitment. We compared and quantified density dependence in the bharal population by fitting Bayesian Gompertz state-space models. 4. We found evidence for negative density dependence which indicates possible cyclic dynamics in the bharal population of the site (Tabo) with low livestock density. The population dynamics of this site were driven by recruited offspring—with a 2-year density-dependent lag effect—rather than adult survival. In the site with high livestock density (Kibber), this density dependence was not detected. We postulate the potential role of excessive grazing by livestock in affecting offspring recruitment, thereby affecting the bharal population in Kibber. 5. Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that conservation action to facilitate wild herbivore population recovery, such as the development of protected areas and village reserves, needs to account for density-dependent regulation. Sites with trophy hunting require continuous monitoring to understand the effects of density dependence so that appropriate hunting quotas can be formulated. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1747 | ||
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| Author | Sanyal, O., Bashir, T., Rana, M., Chandan, P. | ||||
| Title | First photographic record of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-5 | ||
| Keywords | Camera trapping, India, Kashmir Himalaya, Kishtwar, Panthera uncia, photographic record, snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard Panthera uncia is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is the least well-known of the large felids because of its shy and elusive nature and the inaccessible terrain it inhabits across the mountains of Central and South Asia. We report the first photographic record of the snow leopard in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, India. During our camera-trapping surveys, conducted using a grid-based design, we obtained eight photographs of snow leopards, the first at 3,280 m altitude on 19 September 2022 and subsequent photographs over 3,004-3,878 m altitude. We identified at least four different individuals, establishing the species’ occurrence in Kiyar, Nanth and Renai catchments, with a capture rate of 0.123 ± SE 0.072 captures/100 trap-nights. ghts. We also recorded the presence of snow leopard prey species, including the Siberian ibex Capra sibirica, Himalayan musk deer Moschus leucogaster, long-tailed marmot Marmota caudata and pika Ochotona sp., identifying the area as potential snow leopard habitat. Given the location of Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, this record is significant for the overall snow leopard conservation landscape in India. We recommend a comprehensive study across the Kishtwar landscape to assess the occupancy, abundance, demography and movement patterns of the snow leopard and its prey. In addition, interactions between the snow leopard and pastoral communities should be assessed to understand the challenges facing the conservation and management of this important high-altitude region. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1750 | ||
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| Author | Pathak, A., Lamichhane, S., Dhakal, M., Karki, A., Dhakal, B. D., Chetri, M., Mintz, J., Pun, P., Neupane, P., Dahal, T. P., Rayamajhi, T., Paudel, P., Thapa, A., Regmi, P. R., Thami, S., Thapa, G., Khanal, S., Lama, S., Karki, J., Khanal, S., Ferdin, A. E. J. | ||||
| Title | Human-wildlife conflict at high altitude: A case from Gaurishankar conservation area, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Ecology and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | e11685 | Pages | 1-9 |
| Keywords | coexistence, compensation policy, Gaurishankar conservation area, high altitude, Himalayan black bear, human-wildlife conflict, leopard | ||||
| Abstract | Human–wildlife conflict studies of high-altitude areas are rare due to budget constraints and the challenging nature of research in these remote environments. This study investigates the prevalence and increasing trend of human–wildlife conflict (HWC) in the mountainous Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA) of Nepal, with a specific focus on leopard (Panthera pardus) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger). The study analyzes a decade of HWC reports and identifies goats as the livestock most targeted by leopards. The Dolakha district of GCA received the highest number of reports, highlighting the need for mitigation measures in the area. In GCA, livestock attacks accounted for 85% of compensation, with the remaining 15% for human injuries. We estimate that the number of reported wildlife attacks grew on average by 33% per year, with an additional increase of 57 reports per year following the implementation of a new compensation policy during BS 2076 (2019 AD). While bear attacks showed no significant change post-rule alteration, leopard attack reports surged from 1 to 60 annually, indicating improved compensation may have resulted in increased leopard-attack reporting rates. The findings emphasize the economic impact of HWC on local communities and suggest strategies such as increasing prey populations, promoting community education and awareness, enhancing alternative livelihood options, developing community-based insurance programs, and implementing secure enclosures (corrals) to minimize conflicts and foster harmonious coexistence. This research addresses a knowledge gap in HWC in high- altitude conservation areas like the GCA, providing valuable insights for conservation stakeholders and contributing to biodiversity conservation and the well-being of humans and wildlife. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1752 | ||
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| Author | Khanyari, M., Sanyal, O., Chandan, P., Bajaj, D., Sharma, C., Rana, M., Sharma, N., Bashir, T., Suryawanshi, K. | ||||
| Title | A new dawn? Population baselines of snow leopards and other mammals of the Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Integrative Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-10 | ||
| Keywords | camera trapping, Himalaya, Kishtwar, mammal, SECR, Snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | Accurately assessing the status of threatened species requires reliable population estimates. Despite this necessity, only a small proportion of the global distribution range of the vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) has been systematically sampled. The Indian section of the Greater Himalayas, which includes Kishtwar High Altitude National Park (KHANP), harbours potential snow leopard habitat. Nevertheless, there has been limited ecological and conservation research focusing on species that are specific to KHANP, as well as limited research on the broader biodiversity of the Greater Himalayas. We used Spatially Explicit Capture‐Recapture (SECR) models to provide—to our knowledge—the first robust snow leopard population density and abundance estimates from KHANP. We also provide a Relative Abundance Index (RAI) for non‐volant mammals (excluding small rodents). Our study sampled three catchments within the Dachhan region of KHANP—Kibber, Nanth and Kiyar—using 44 cameras over a 45‐day period between May and June 2023. We identified four unique snow leopard individuals across 15 detections in nine camera locations. SECR analysis estimated a density of 0.50 snow leopards per 100 km2 (95% confidence interval: 0.13–1.86), corresponding to an abundance of four individual (4–9) adults. Camera trapping revealed a total of 16 mammal species, including the endangered Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus). Marmots (Marmota caudata) had the highest RAI of 21.3 (±0.2). Although the estimated density and abundance of snow leopards in our study area had relatively wide 95% confidence intervals, our combined results of snow leopard densities and RAIs of prey species such as ibex and marmots indicate that KHANP is a potentially important area for snow leopards. Given the geopolitical history of Jammu and Kashmir in India, the region where KHANP is located, wildlife research remains a low priority. We hope our study encourages authorities to support further research. This study is an initial step towards evaluating the potential of KHANP as a conservation landscape under the Government of India's Project Snow Leopard. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1755 | ||
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| Author | Anwar, M., Jackson, R., Nadeem, M., Janecka, J., Hussain, S., Beg, M., Muhammad, G., and Qayyum, M. | ||||
| Title | Food habits of the snow leopard Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) in Baltistan, Northern Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | European Journal of Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 3 March | Pages | 1-7 | |
| Keywords | Himalayas, Karakoram, Scat, Diet, Hair, Livestock, Biomass | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the high, remote mountains of Pakistan from where very little information is available on prey use of this species. Our study describes the food habits of the snow leopard in the Himalayas and Karakoram mountain ranges in Baltistan, Pakistan. Ninety-five putrid snow leopard scats were collected from four sites in Baltistan. Of these, 49 scats were genetically confirmed to have originated from snow leopards. The consumed prey was identified on the basis of morphological characteristics of hairs recovered from the scats. It was found that most of the biomass consumed (70%) was due to domestic livestock viz. sheep (23%), goat (16%), cattle (10%), yak (7%), and cattle–yak hybrids (14%). Only 30% of the biomass was due to wild species, namely Siberian ibex (21%), markhor (7%), and birds (2%). Heavy predation on domestic livestock appeared to be the likely cause of conflict with the local inhabitants. Conservation initiatives should focus on mitigating this conflict by minimizing livestock losses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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1612-4642 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1304 | ||
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| Author | Trivedi, P. | ||||
| Title | Project Snow Leopard: Participatory conservation model for the Indian Himalaya | Type | Magazine Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Mountain Forum Bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Ix | Issue | 2 | Pages | 52-54 |
| Keywords | assessment; biodiversity; biodiversity assessment; conservation; global; Himalaya; Icimod; indian; links; mountain; network; participatory; project; Project-snow-leopard; project snow leopard; projects; research; resource; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Support | ||||
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1815-2139 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | More details at: www.conservation.in or www.ncf-india.org and www.wii.gov.in Newsletter published biannually by Mountain Forum: www.mtnforum.org. Editorial Team: Marianne Heredge, Ujol Sherchan, Frans Neuman, Laura Keenan, Sunita Chaudhary, Suman Jaiswal. This newlstter edition is a joint product of the Mountain Forum, GMBA and MRI with support from ICIMOD, and brings together contributions from the three networks and partners. It also has a section on links to interesting organisations, resources and projects on Mountain Biodiversity. Published by the Mountain Forum Secretariat in collaboration with the respective Nodes in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and North America and with the assistance of the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI) and the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1054 | Serial | 969 | ||
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