| Records |
| Author |
Kolmstetter, C.; Munson, L.; Ramsay, E.C. |
| Title |
Degenerative spinal disease in large felids |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
J Zoo Wildl Med |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-19 |
| Keywords |
Age-Factors; Animal; Animals; zoo; Autopsy; veterinary; Carnivora; Female; Lions; Male; Age; factor; browse; 110 |
| Abstract |
Degenerative spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, seldom occur in domestic cats. In contrast, a retrospective study of 13 lions (Panthera leo), 16 tigers (Panthera tigris), 4 leopards (Panthera pardis), 1 snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and 3 jaguars (Panthera onca) from the Knoxville Zoo that died or were euthanatized from 1976 to 1996 indicated that degenerative spinal disease is an important problem in large nondomestic felids. The medical record, radiographic data, and the necropsy report of each animal were examined for evidence of intervertebral disc disease or spondylosis. Eight (three lions, four tigers, and one leopard) animals were diagnosed with degenerative spinal disease. Clinical signs included progressively decreased activity, moderate to severe rear limb muscle atrophy, chronic intermittent rear limb paresis, and ataxia. The age at onset of clinical signs was 10-19 yr (median = 18 yr). Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column was useful in assessing the severity of spinal lesions, and results were correlated with necropsy findings. Lesions were frequently multifocal, included intervertebral disc mineralization or herniation with collapsed intervertebral disc spaces, and were most common in the lumbar area but also involved cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Marked spondylosis was present in the cats with intervertebral disc disease, presumably subsequent to vertebral instability. Six of the animals' spinal cords were examined histologically, and five had acute or chronic damage to the spinal cord secondary to disc protrusion. Spinal disease should be suspected in geriatric large felids with decreased appetite or activity. Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column is the most useful method to assess the type and severity of spinal lesions. |
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ISSN  |
1042-7260 |
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| Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 384 |
Serial |
545 |
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| Author |
Roth, T.L.; Armstrong, D.L.; Barrie, M.T.; Wildt, D.E. |
| Title |
Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Reprod Fertil Dev |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
285-295 |
| Keywords |
Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; Blood; physiology; Estradiol; Female; Gonadotropins; administration; dosage; pharmacology; Chorionic; Equine; Human; Insemination; artificial; methods; veterinary; Laparoscopy; Male; Oocytes; cytology; Ovary; drug; effects; Ovulation; Induction; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Seasons; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 400 |
| Abstract |
Ovaries of the seasonally-breeding snow leopard (Uncia uncia) were examined to determine whether they were responsive to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. The potential of laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) also was assessed for producing offspring. During the non-breeding, pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons, females (n = 20) were treated with a standardized, dual- hormone regimen given intramuscularly (600 I.U. of equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed 80-84 h later with 300 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)). Laparoscopy was performed 45-50 h after administration of hCG, and all ovarian structures were described. Females with fresh corpora lutea (CL) were inseminated, and anovulatory females were subjected to follicular aspiration to examine oocyte quality. Snow leopards responded to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. Mean number of total ovarian structures (distinct follicles mature in appearance plus CL) did not differ (P > or = 0.05) with season, but the proportion of CL: total ovarian structures was greater (P < 0.01) for the breeding season compared with all other seasons. The proportion of females ovulating was greater (P < 0.05) during the breeding and post-breeding seasons than during the pre-breeding and non- breeding seasons respectively. No Grade-1 quality oocytes were recovered from follicles of anovulatory females. Serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta appeared elevated in all females, and neither oestradiol-17 beta concentrations nor progesterone concentrations differed (P > or = 0.05) among seasons. Of 15 females artificially inseminated, the only one that was inseminated in the non-breeding season became pregnant and delivered a single cub. This is the first successful pregnancy resulting from AI in this endangered species. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1031-3613 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 325 |
Serial |
830 |
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| Author |
De Groot, H.; Van Swieten, P.; Aalberse, R.C. |
| Title |
Evidence for a Fel d I-like molecule in the “big cats” (Felidae species) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
J Allergy Clin Immunol |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
86 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
107-116 |
| Keywords |
Adolescence; Adult; Allergens; immunology; Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; diagnostic; use; Antibody; Specificity; Carnivora; Cats; Comparative; study; Cross; Reactions; Hair; Histamine; Release; Human; IgE; analysis; IgG; Middle; Age; Radioallergosorbent; Test; methods; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; us; government; gov't; 240 |
| Abstract |
In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity pattern of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the major feline allergen, Fel d I. We studied the IgE and IgG4 response of 11 cat-allergic patients against Fel d I-like structures in eight members of the Felidae family: ocelot, puma, serval, siberian tiger, lion, jaguar, snow leopard, and caracal. Hair from these “big cats” was collected, extracted, and used in a RAST system and histamine-release test. By means of a RAST-inhibition assay with affinity-purified Fel d I from cat dander, it was established that, in the Felidae species, a Fel d I equivalent is present that reacts with IgE and IgG4 antibodies. We found that all patients had cross-reacting IgE antibodies to seven of the Felidae tested; no IgE antibodies reactive with the caracal were found. Eight of 10 patients with IgG4 antibodies directed to cat dander also had IgG4 antibodies directed to several Felidae species, including the caracal. However, the correlation between the IgE and the IgG4 antibody specificity was low, indicating that, in the case of Fel d I IgE and IgG4, antibodies do not necessarily have the same specificity. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0091-6749 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 157 |
Serial |
233 |
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| Author |
Ahmad, A.; Rawat, J.S.; Rai, S.C. |
| Title |
An Analysis of the Himalayan Environment and Guidelines for its Management and Ecologically Sustainable Development |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Environmentalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
281-298 |
| Keywords |
environmental-assessment; human-impact; sustainable-development; management-guideline; ecological-degradation; mountain-ecosystem; impact-assessment; developing-country; asia; Himalayas; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; environmental; assessment; Human; impact; sustainable; development; management; guidline; ecological; degradations; mountain; ecosystem; 830 |
| Abstract |
The impacts of human activities on the bio-geophysical and socio-economic environment of the Himalayas are analysed. The main man-induced activities which have accelerated ecological degradation and threatened the equilibrium of Himalayan mountain ecosystems are stated as: unplanned land use, cultivation on steep slopes, overgrazing, major engineering activities, over-exploitation of village or community forests, lopping of broad leaved plant species, shifting cultivation (short cycle) in north-east India, tourism and recreation. The geomorphological conditions are major factors responsible for landslides which cause major havoc every year in the area. Wild fauna, like musk deer and the snow leopard are now under threat partially due to changes in their habitat and the introduction of exotic plant species. Population pressure and migration are major factors responsible for poverty in the hills. The emigration of the working male population has resulted in the involvement of women as a major work-force. Guidelines, with special emphasis on the application of environmental impact assessments for the management of the Himalayas, are proposed. -from Authors |
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English |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 145 |
Serial |
38 |
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| Author |
Ahmad, A. |
| Title |
Community-Based Natural Resources Management in Northern Pakistan |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
148-154 |
| Keywords |
conservation; livestock; Wwf; Pakistan; herders; herder; snow-leopard; management; Marco-Polo-sheep; grazing; ibex; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; Khunjerab; hunting; hunter; skin; pelt; fur; coat; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; 2950 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson and A.Ahmad |
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English |
Summary Language |
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| Notes |
Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 299 |
Serial |
41 |
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| Author |
Ale, S.B. |
| Title |
Snow Leopard in Remote Districts of Nepal |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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xii |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Nepal; Manang; livestock; livestock-depredation; baiting; predation; villagers; herders; annapurna; retribution; conservation; management; training; tourism; browse; 4600 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
Approved |
no |
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SLN @ rana @ 447 |
Serial |
54 |
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| Author |
Ale, S.B. |
| Title |
The Annapurna Conservation Area Project: A Case Study of an Integrated Conservation and Development Project in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
155-169 |
| Keywords |
conservation; annapurna; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; management; habitat; livestock; herders; herder; Acap; education; community-development; tourism; women; protected-area; browse; community; development; protected; area; 2960 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
Jackson, R.; Ahmad, A. |
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English |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 394 |
Serial |
55 |
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| Author |
Ale, S.B.; Karky, B.S. |
| Title |
Observations on Conservation of Snow Leopards in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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4880; bio; conservation; diversity; enclave; leopard; management; Nepal; poverty; protected; protection; religion; uncia |
| Abstract |
The wild populations of snow leopards are threatened in Nepal. For their effective conservation, this paper seeks to build a strategy based not only on protected enclaves but also on landscapes, using an integrated grass-roots approach that essentially reduces poverty and addresses the needs of human beings and that of wildlife. Also equally relevant in places with a strong hold by religious and cultural authorities in the decision-making processes is the recognition and possible integration of cultural and traditional belief systems in overall snow leopard conservation schemes. |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Islt |
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English |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 474 |
Serial |
57 |
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Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K. |
| Title |
Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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41 |
Issue |
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Pages |
89-92 |
| Keywords |
Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife |
| Abstract |
From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas. |
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English |
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| Notes |
http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 884 |
Serial |
58 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
Resolutions Conservation of Snow Leopard, Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
329-331 |
| Keywords |
resolutions; conservation; management; Khunjerab; Taxkorgan; Sagarmatha; Makalu-Barun; Qomolangma; Transboundry; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Nepal; Tibet; China; Pakistan; Cites; Slims; eco-development; livestock; herders; conflict; siberia; gobi; Altay; Altai; Mongolia; Arksai; Liqaru; Arba; Ganzi; Baoxin; pollution; pesticides; toxicity; cooperation; status; zoos; zoological-gardens; browse; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; eco development; eco; development; zoological; gardens; zoological gardens; 3530 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 214 |
Serial |
82 |
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