Bannikov A.G. (1973). Snow leopard (irbis). Felis uncia.
Abstract: Irbis is distributed in highlands of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Altai. It preys mainly on wild sheep and ibex, marmots, pica, snow-cock, rarer other ungulates, rodents and birds. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. At the beginning of spring this species is on heat, gestation period being 90 100 days. Female bears two three (to five) cubs. The litter splits in one year. The animal sheds hair twice a year. It has a low population and therefore hunting for snow leopard is prohibited.
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Bannikov A.G. (1971). Genus Panthera.
Abstract: It gives the description of genus Panthera: lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar and snow leopard. The mountains of Central Asia and South Siberia limit the habitat of snow leopard in the USSR. This species is also distributed in the Himalayas, Tibet, and mountains of Mongolia. In summer, it lives at 3,660 3,970 m above sea level, while in winter, following the ungulates; snow leopard descends to 1,800 m. In the Himalayas, it ascends up to 5,500 m above sea level in summer. In Djungar and Talas Ala-Tau, snow leopard keeps at 600 1,200 m. It takes refuge in caves and cracks of rocks. Snow leopard is mostly active in twilights and night, rarer in daylight, and preys on ungulates, hares, marmots, and others. The coupling period is winter or early spring. A gestation is about 90 days. It has 3 5 cubs in a litter.
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Barpiev I.M. (2002). Peculiarities of biodiversity in the Besh-Aral nature reserve.
Abstract: 224 animal species, including two relict and 20 endemic, are registered in the Besh Aral nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan). This nature reserve is inhabited by rare and endangered animal and bird species (e.g. Menzbier's marmot, snow leopard, Tien Shan brown bear, manul, Turkistan lynx, saker falcon, bearded vulture, golden eagle, Himalayan griffon, and others) included in the Red Data Books of Kyrgyzstan, former USSR, and Led List of IUCN.
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Baryshnikov G.F. (1981). Sub-genus Panthera Oken, 1816. Genus Panthera.
Abstract: The monograph provides taxonomic description of sub-genus Panthera Oken, 1816, genus Uncia grey, 1854. Snow leopard inhabits the mountains of Tajikistan, the Pamirs, Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, the Altai, the Sayans; also the mountain of Mongolia, Tibet, the Himalayas, and Hindukush, where it keeps to alpine meadows and woodless rocks at up to 3,000 – 4,000 m above sea level in summer, and descends to a lower elevation in winter. It described from the Altai. They are of minor trade importance. This species is rare all over its habitat and included in the Red Data Book of the USSR.
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Batyrov A.R. (1987). Game mammals of Uzbekistan and its change at the late Quaternary.
Abstract: In the process of archeo-zoological investigations in Uzbekistan bones of 81 mammals species were found. Some of them, mainly large mammals are not living here currently. Age of found bones of snow leopard correspond with early and late Holocene.
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Batyrov B.Kh. (1983). Rare and endangered mammals in southern Uzbekistan.
Abstract: As a result of paleontologic and ecologic research on the south of Uzbekistan 35 rare and endangered mammal species were detected: rare species: bear, steppe polecat, otter, chaus, lynx, manul, sand cat, leopard, snow leopard, Bukhara deer, Goitered gazelle, ibex, markhor, Asian argali, and others; extinct species: dhole, striped hyena, cave hyena, tiger, elephant, horse, kulan, Pleistocene donkey, rhinoceros, Knobloch's camel, roe deer, moral, argali, aurochs, and bison.
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Bekenov A.B. (1989). Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776 (Vol. Part1. Vertebrate animals.).
Abstract: There is one subspecies U.u.uncia in Kazakhstan. It is distributed in the Tien Shan, Djungar Ala-Tau, Tarbagatai, Saur, South Altai, and preys mainly on ibex, roe deer, argali, and marmots. Its litter consists of one to five cubs (normally two three). Female bears once in two years.
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Bekenov A.B. (2002). About the IUCN categories and criteria for animals inclusion in Red Data Books and lists (project INTAS 99-1483).
Abstract: Uncia uncia in Kazakhstan is defined as EN C 2a(i); D1. The International Red List (2000) attributes this species to EN C 2a, which is an example of concurrence in the assessments at regional and global levels.
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Bekenov A.B. (2002). Fauna of mammals in the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel”.
Abstract: Over 80 mammal species, nine of which are included in the Red Data Book (stone marten, marbled polecat, otter, manul, snow leopard, dziggetai, argali, bear), inhabit the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel”.
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Berens K.R. (1972). Bold pathfinders.
Abstract: A hunt for snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan is described in a popular way. The hunters, people of the Issyk-Kul, caught alive five mature snow leopards by means of traps for less than 1.5 month. Such a quantity within such a minimal period of time is a record, since a total number of snow leopards caught per year is no more than 112 animals. All the animals were safely delivered to the Moscow “ZooCenter”.
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