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Author Hongfa, X. and Kirkpatrick, C.
Title The State of Wildlife Trade in China. Information on the trade in wild animals and plants in China 2006. Type Report
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 3-20
Keywords clouded leopard, economy, illegal killing, leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, poaching, policy, snow leopard, tiger, trade, TRAFFIC, Uncia uncia
Abstract Welcome to the first edition of The State of Wildlife Trade in China. This publication takes a broad look at wildlife trade over the past year, particularly concerning the impact of China's consumption on globally important biodiversity 'hotspots'. The focus of The State of Wildlife Trade in China is on emerging trends in China's wildlife trade and up-to-date reviews of work to stop illegal wildlife trade and support sustainable trade. The lead story in this issue is the illegal trade in Tigers and other Asian big cats. During 2006, surveys continued to document this illegal trade, as well as highlight opportunities for action. Other stories in this issue give updates on trade in reef fishes from Southeast Asia's 'Coral Triangle' and in timber from the forests of the Russian Far East, Borneo, and East Africa. China's wildlife trade presents both challenges and opportunities. This annual report aims to provide current information about wildlife trade in China and to provide avenues for involvement in China's conservation community. It is part of TRAFFIC's on-going commitment to turn information into action.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1127
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Author Sharma, S., Thapa, K., Chalise, M., Dutta, T., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T.
Title The snow leopard in Himalaya: A step towards their conservation by studying their distribution, marking habitat selection, coexistence with other predators, and wild prey-livestock-predator interaction Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Conservation Biology in Asia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 184-196
Keywords Himalaya, Nepal, ecology, snow leopard, Uncia uncia, prey, livestock, predator
Abstract Snow leopard (Uncia uncial) is a flagship species of the Himalaya. Very few studies have been done on the ecology of this species in the Himalaya. This paper presents an overview of four studies conducted on snow leopards in Nepal and India, dealing with various aspects of snow leopard ecology including their status assessment, making behaviour, habitat selection, food habits, and impact on livestock. The information generated by these studies is useful in planning effective conservation and management strategies for this endangered top predator of high mountains.
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Notes Paper 12; From: Pages 184-196 of Conservation Biology in Asia (2006) McNeely, J.A., T. M. McCarthy, A. Smith, L.Olsvig-Whittaker, and E.D. Wikramanayake (editors). Published by the Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section and Resources Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal, 455 pp. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1130
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Author Anonymous
Title Toward a free-ranging recovery plan Type Manuscript
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-14
Keywords International Snow Leopard Symposium, recovery plan, snow leopard
Abstract This draft is a first attempt to develop a Snow Leopard Recovery Plan, for consideration at the Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium. It is intended as a working base for agencies responsible for snow leopard conservation, research and management. The plan, when thoroughly reviewed and revised, will provide more accurate estimates of snow leopard status and threats, and recommendations concerning actions necessary for the maintenance, enhancement and recovery of the snow leopard in its original habitat.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1133
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Author Phillips, L.
Title Post-mortem records, Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, Nebraska Type Report
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow leopard, captive, post-mortem records, Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, Nebraska
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1194
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Author Sharma, K.
Title The mysterious irbis Type Magazine Article
Year 2008 Publication Sanctuary Asia Abbreviated Journal
Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 52-57
Keywords Mongolia, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, long-term, ecology, Tost, snow leopard
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1300
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Author Dickman, A., Macdonald, E., Macdonald, D.
Title A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication PNAS Abbreviated Journal
Volume 108 Issue 34 Pages 13937–13944
Keywords human-carnivore conflict, payments for ecosystem services
Abstract One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation “on the ground.” Although human–carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term “payments to encourage coexistence”; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenuesharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty.
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Notes http://www.pnas.org/content/108/34/13937 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1362
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Author Li, J., Yin, H., Wang, D., Jiagong, Z., Lu, Zhi
Title Human-snow leopard conflicts in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Tibetan Plateau Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Biological Conservs Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 166 Pages 118-123
Keywords Panthera uncia, Human-wildlife conflict, Traditional use, Livestock depredation, Economic value, Cultural image, Attitude
Abstract Conflicts between humans and snow leopards are documented across much of their overlapping distribution

in Central Asia. These conflicts manifest themselves primarily in the form of livestock depredation

and the killing of snow leopards by local herders. This source of mortality to snow leopards is a key conservation concern. To investigate human-snow leopard conflicts in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Tibetan Plateau, we conducted household interviews about local herders’ traditional use of snow leopard

parts, livestock depredation, and overall attitudes towards snow leopards. We found most respondents

(58%) knew that snow leopard parts had been used for traditional customs in the past, but they claimed

not in the past two or three decades. It may be partly due to the issuing of the Protection of Wildlife Law

in 1998 by the People’s Republic of China. Total livestock losses were damaging (US$ 6193 per household

in the past 1 year), however snow leopards were blamed by herders for only a small proportion of those

losses (10%), as compared to wolves (45%) and disease (42%). Correspondingly, the cultural images of

snow leopards were neutral (78%) and positive (9%) on the whole. It seems that human-snow leopard

conflict is not intense in this area. However, snow leopards could be implicated by the retaliatory killing

of wolves. We recommend a multi-pronged conservation program that includes compensation, insurance

programs, and training local veterinarians to reduce livestock losses.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1399
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Author Murali, R., Redpath, S., Mishra, C.
Title The value of ecosystem services in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Elsevier Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 28 Pages 115-123
Keywords Ecosystem services, Pastoralists, Local communities, Provisioning services Economic valuation, Panthera uncia
Abstract The high mountain ranges of South and Central Asia are increasingly being exposed to large-scale development

projects. These areas are home to traditional pastoralist communities and internationally important

biodiversity including the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia. Development projects rely on

economic cost-benefit analysis, but the ecosystem services in the high Himalayas are poorly understood

and are rarely accounted for. As a first step to fill this gap, we identified the main ecosystem services used

by local people in the Trans-Himalayan Spiti Valley (7591 km2), a region important for conservation of

snow leopards and high mountain biodiversity, and undertook an economic valuation. Stakeholders identified

a range of services, though these were dominated by provisioning services identified by 90% of

respondents. Only 5.4% of the respondents recognised regulatory services and 4.8% recognised cultural

services. The mean economic value of provisioning services was estimated at US$ 3622 ± 149 HH1

yr1, which was 3.8 times higher than the average annual household income. Our results underscore

the need to account for ecosystem services in the cost-benefit analyses of large-scale development projects

in addition to assessments of their environmental and social impact.


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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1462
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Author Schutgens, M. G., Hanson, J. H., Baral, N., Ale, S. B.
Title Visitors’ willingness to pay for snow leopard Panthera uncia conservation in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1 - 10
Keywords Carnivore conservation, contingent valuation, economic valuation, existence value, Panthera uncia, snow leopard, threatened species, wildlife policy
Abstract The Vulnerable snow leopard Panthera uncia experiences

persecution across its habitat in Central Asia, particularly

from herders because of livestock losses. Given the

popularity of snow leopards worldwide, transferring some

of the value attributed by the international community to

these predators may secure funds and support for their conservation.

We administered contingent valuation surveys to

&#63284;&#63280;&#63286; international visitors to the Annapurna Conservation

Area, Nepal, between May and June &#63282;&#63280;&#63281;&#63284;, to determine

their willingness to pay a fee to support the implementation

of a Snow Leopard Conservation Action Plan. Of the &#63284;&#63289;%of

visitors who stated they would pay a snow leopard conservation

fee in addition to the existing entry fee, the mean

amount that they were willing to pay was USD &#63285;&#63289; per trip.

The logit regression model showed that the bid amount, the

level of support for implementing the Action Plan, and the

number of days spent in the Conservation Area were significant

predictors of visitors’ willingness to pay. The main reasons

stated by visitors for their willingness to pay were a

desire to protect the environment and an affordable fee. A

major reason for visitors’ unwillingness to pay was that

the proposed conservation fee was too expensive for them.

This study represents the first application of economic valuation

to snow leopards, and is relevant to the conservation of

threatened species in the Annapurna Conservation Area

and elsewhere.
Address http://snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Schutgensetal_2018.pdf
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1467
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Author Suryawanshi, K. R., Khanyari, M., Sharma, K., Lkhagvajav, P., Mishra, C.
Title Sampling bias in snow leopard population estimation studies Type Journal Article
Year 2019 Publication Population Eccology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-9
Keywords camera trap, Central Asia, Himalaya, meta-analysis, monitoring, Panthera uncia, population ecology
Abstract Accurate assessments of the status of threatened species and their conservation

planning require reliable estimation of their global populations and robust monitoring

of local population trends. We assessed the adequacy and suitability of studies

in reliably estimating the global snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population. We

compiled a dataset of all the peer-reviewed published literature on snow leopard

population estimation. Metadata analysis showed estimates of snow leopard density

to be a negative exponential function of area, suggesting that study areas have generally

been too small for accurate density estimation, and sampling has often been

biased towards the best habitats. Published studies are restricted to six of the

12 range countries, covering only 0.3&#65533;0.9% of the presumed global range of the

species. Re-sampling of camera trap data from a relatively large study site

(c.1684 km2) showed that small-sized study areas together with a bias towards

good quality habitats in existing studies may have overestimated densities by up to

five times. We conclude that current information is biased and inadequate for generating

a reliable global population estimate of snow leopards. To develop a rigorous

and useful baseline and to avoid pitfalls, there is an urgent need for

(a) refinement of sampling and analytical protocols for population estimation of

snow leopards (b) agreement and coordinated use of standardized sampling protocols

amongst researchers and governments across the range, and (c) sampling

larger and under-represented areas of the snow leopard's global range.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1477
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