|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Xiao, C., Bai, D., Lambert, J. P., Li, Y., Cering, L., Gong, Z., Riordan, P., Shi, K. |
|
|
Title |
How Snow Leopards Share the Same Landscape with Tibetan Agro-pastoral Communities in the Chinese Himalayas |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Resources and Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
483-500 |
|
|
Keywords |
habitat use; landscape ecology; occupancy model; Qomolangma; Panthera uncia |
|
|
Abstract |
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism, including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas. Despite these positive attitudes, many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards, altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation. We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multi-scale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km2 communal landscape. We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year. HABITAT was the optimal model in winter, whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer (AICcw≤2). Overall, model performance was better in the winter than in the summer, suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured. Among the individual variables, terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter, but not in the summer. Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale (4000 m focal radius) but with a lesser scale in summer (30 m); Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22° at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons, which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence. Furthermore, all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities (presence of settlements and grazing intensity). Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use, even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape. This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future, especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1688 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Malik, M.M. |
|
|
Title |
The Current Status of Snow Leopards and Their Prey Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Pakistan |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
11-20 |
|
|
Keywords |
Pakistan; predator; prey; predation; livestock; research; monitoring; park; parks; refuge; Slims; conservation; poaching; hunting; furs; pelts; ecology; behavior; law; laws; education; herder; herders; status; protected-area; browse; protected areas; protected area; area; areas; protected; 2130 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ashiq |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 318 |
Serial |
641 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Fox, J.L.; Freeman, H. |
|
|
Title |
An Internationally cooperative fiels study of the snow leopard in Northern India |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
1984 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
39-42 |
|
|
Keywords |
India; conservation; ecology; training; Ladakh; Jammu; Himachal-Pradesh; Sikkem; Uttar; Arunachal; livestock; hunting; prey; pelts; browse; 4140 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Leif Blomqvist and Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki, Finland |
Editor |
L.Blomqvist |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Full text available atTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Panthera UnciaPlace of Meeting: Krefeld Zoo, GFRDate of Copyright: 1984 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 76 |
Serial |
288 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Fox, J.L. |
|
|
Title |
Wildlife Ecology Workshop Held in Indias Himalaya Region |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
|
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
ix |
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
|
Keywords |
Usfws; Wii; India; Himalaya; High-Altitude-Ecology; training; Ladakh; Hemis; research; Gis; management; browse; 4750 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 462 |
Serial |
300 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Jackson, P. |
|
|
Title |
The Snow Leopard: A Flagship for Biodiversity in the Mountains of Central Asia |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
3-7 |
|
|
Keywords |
Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; India; kazakstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Nepal; Pakistan; Russia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; ecology; distribution; parks; park; reserve; status; refuge; habitat; herders; biodiversity; herder; livestock; prey; protected-area; Kazakhstan; protected; area; browse; 2030 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Allied Press |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 314 |
Serial |
429 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. |
|
|
Title |
Snow Leopard Conservation: Accomplishments and Research Priorities |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
128-144 |
|
|
Keywords |
Slims; Islt; zoos; zoo; captivity; genetics; home-range; predator; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Mongolia; China; India; Nepal; Khunjerab; surveys; survey; transect; habitat; scrap; marking; spray; Myanmar; Burma; blue-sheep; ibex; conservation; ecology; management; livestock; herders; Dna; Icimod; Himalaya; protected-area; scrape; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2900 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 399 |
Serial |
458 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association |
|
|
Title |
Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 |
Type |
Manuscript |
|
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
|
Keywords |
nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology |
|
|
Abstract |
In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism,
zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as
reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial
operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd,
Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from
September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made
the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that
administrative units have been increased and territories of
administrative units have been diminished. There have been four
provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation
limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than
ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert.
Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of
species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in
banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum,
Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing
in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently
necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures
into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across
hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression.
Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national
cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of
cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of
Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify
popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of
agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central
Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December
16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of
1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 %
of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals
amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total
animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article
mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in
Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such
number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into
five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult
animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally
in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food
of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main
nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the
soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of
secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of
ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt
one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for
domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big
game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and
hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting.
Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give
prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly
it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15
USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially
picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow
leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack
domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of
ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting
wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't
consider it had been right since it was natural event. However
population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought
and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has
never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million
heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in
its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of
domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild
animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards
correctly with low costs. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1100 |
Serial |
705 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Ming, M.; Yun, G.; Bo, W. |
|
|
Title |
Chinese snow leopard team goes into action |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Man & the Biosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
54 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
18-25 |
|
|
Keywords |
Chinese; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; action; China; country; countries; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; survey; research; recent; Xinjiang; ecology; tracking; Animal; field; Kunlun; camera; capture; Animals; survival |
|
|
Abstract |
China, the world's most populous country, also contains the largest number of Snow Leopards of any country in the world. But the survey and research of the snow leopard had been very little for the second half of the 20th century. Until recent years, the members of Xinjiang Snow Leopards Group (XSLG/SLT/XFC) , the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences have been tracking down the solitary animal. The journal reporter does a face-to-face interview with professor Ma Ming who is a main responsible expert of the survey team. By the account of such conversation, we learn the achievements, advances and difficulty of research of snow leopards in the field, Tianshan and Kunlun, Xinjiang, the far west China, and we also know that why the team adopt the infrared camera to capture the animals. Last but not least professor talked about the survival menace faced by the Snow Leopards in Xinjiang. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
China |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
In Chinese; Edited by this magazine <Man & the Biosphere> |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 978 |
Serial |
685 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Jizeng, D.; Ji-peng, J.; Chang-xin, Z.; Freeman, H. |
|
|
Title |
Opening Remarks to Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
|
Keywords |
conservation; ecology; biology; habitat; protected-areas; parks; reserves; preserves; refuge; zoos; captivity; breeding; distribution; status; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Afghanistan; Mongolia; Pakistan; Nepal; India; China; Tajikistan; Kazakhstan; Qinghai; Tibet; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; soviet; union; 3780 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 234 |
Serial |
497 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Miller, D.J.; Jackson, R. |
|
|
Title |
Livestock and Snow Leopards:making room for competing users on the Tibetian Plateau |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
315-328 |
|
|
Keywords |
livestock; Tibet; herder; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tibetian-Plateau; ungulates; wild-yak; blue-sheep; pika; marmots; gazelle; antelope; Qomolangma; Namcha-Barwa; Chang-Tang; habitat; grazing; wolves; pens; enclosures; bounties; bounty; pelts; skins; coats; furs; poisoning; medicine; bones; land-use; conservation; ecology; blue; sheep; browse; tibetian; plateau; wild; yak; namcha; barwa; change; tang; land use; land; 2800 |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN ![sorted by ISBN field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 244 |
Serial |
676 |
|
Permanent link to this record |