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Franchini, M., Atzeni, L., Lovari, S., Nasanbat, B., Ravchig, S., Herrador, F. C., Bombieri, G., Augugliaro, C. |
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Spatio-temporal behaviour of predators and prey in an arid environment of Central Asia |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Current Zoology |
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zoac093 |
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avoidance, facilitation, Mongolia, Panthera uncia, ungulates, Vulpes vulpes. |
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The mechanisms of interactions between apex and smaller carnivores may range from competition to facilitation. Conversely, interactions between predators and prey are mainly driven by the prey reducing the likelihood of encounters with predators. In this study, we investigated (i) the spatio-temporal interactions between an apex (the snow leopard) and a meso-predator (the red fox), and (ii) the temporal interactions between the snow leopard and its potential prey (Siberian ibex, argali, Asian wild ass, Tolai hare) through camera-trapping in the Mongolian Great Gobi-A. The probability of occurrence for the red fox was higher in presence of the snow leopard than in its absence. Moreover, the red fox activity pattern matched that of the snow leopard, with both species mostly active at sunset. This positive spatio-temporal interaction suggests that the presence of the snow leopard may be beneficial for the red fox in terms of scavenging opportunities. However, other explanations may also be possible. Amongst prey, the Siberian ibex and the argali were mainly active during the day, whereas the Asian wild ass and the Tolai hare were more nocturnal. These findings suggest that potential prey (especially the Siberian ibex and the argali) may shape their behaviour to decrease the opportunity of encounters with the snow leopard. Our results have revealed complex interactions between apex and smaller predators and between apex predator and its potential prey. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1706 |
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Atzeni, L., Wang, J., Riordan, P., Shi, K., Cushman, S. A. |
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Title |
Landscape resistance to gene flow in a snow leopard population from Qilianshan National Park, Gansu, China |
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2023 |
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Landscape Ecology |
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Landscape genetics · MLPE · Gene flow · Genetic distance · Isolation by distance · Isolation by resistance · Landscape resistance · Snow leopard · Principal component analysis |
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Context: The accurate estimation of landscape resistance to movement is important for ecological understanding and conservation applications. Rigorous estimation of resistance requires validation and optimization. One approach uses genetic data for the optimization or validation of resistance models. Objectives We used a genetic dataset of snow leopards from China to evaluate how landscape genetics resistance models varied across genetic distances and spatial scales of analysis. We evaluated whether landscape genetics models were superior to models of resistance derived from habitat suitability or isolation-by-distance.
Methods: We regressed genetically optimized, habitat-based, and isolation-by-distance hypotheses against genetic distances using mixed effect models. We explored all subset combinations of genetically optimized variables to find the most supported resistance scenario for each genetic distance.
Results: Genetically optimized models always out-performed habitat-based and isolation-by-distance hypotheses. The choice of genetic distances influenced the apparent influence of variables, their spatial scales and their functional response shapes, producing divergent resistance scenarios. Gene flow in snow leopards was largely facilitated by areas of intermediate ruggedness at intermediate elevations corresponding to small-to-large valleys within and between the mountain ranges.
Conclusions: This study highlights that landscape genetics models provide superior estimation of functional dispersal than habitat surrogates and suggests that optimization of genetic distance should be included as an optimization routine in landscape genetics, along with variables, scales, effect size and functional response shape. Furthermore, our study provides new insights on the ecological conditions that promote gene flow in snow leopards, which expands ecological knowledge, and we hope will improve conservation planning. |
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1720 |
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Namgail, T. |
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Title |
Geography of mammalian herbivores in the Indian Trans-Himalaya: Patterns and Processes |
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2009 |
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The loss of mammalian herbivores from grazing ecosystems has become a major concern,and efforts to stem such losses are stymied by lack of information on the proximate and ultimate factors influencing their distributions and diversity patterns. This research investigated the distribution, species-richness patterns and underlying mechanisms in mammalian herbivores of the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India. It adopted a multi-spatial approach to understand these issues in the little-known herbivore assemblage of the region. Since vegetation is the most important factor that determines the distribution of herbivores, first I researched the distribution and abundance patterns of vascular plants along an altitudinal gradient at different spatial scales. Both plant species-richness and aboveground biomass showed a hump-shaped relationship with altitude. Such a relationship in case of species-richness is expected, but it is contrary to my expectation of a negative linear relationship, in case of abundance. I relate this unexpected pattern to the limited precipitation and pervasive livestock grazing at lower altitudes in this dry alpine environment. I then investigated the biogeography of mammalian herbivores, and found that they form geographical groups on the basis of their evolutionary histories. Subsequently, I assessed the niche relationship between Asiatic ibex Capra ibex siberica and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur, the most common large herbivores in Ladakh, to see whether local level processes like competition generate spatial pattern of herbivore species-richness. The results showed that blue sheep constrains the distribution of ibex, which implies that competition amongst native species does play a role in structuring large herbivore assemblages in the region. Recognising the lack of information on large herbivores’ niche variation across assemblages, I also studied blue sheep’s niche width in relation to herbivore speciesrichness. It became apparent that the species’ niche varies across assemblages with different number of sympatric species, which could negatively influence the animal’s reproductive performance and population. Finally, I asked if the distributional range of the endangered Ladakh urial Ovis vignei vignei is constrained by the abundant blue sheep, and found that these two species associate randomly at large geographical scales, but cooccur at the landscape level as a result of local habitat-level resource partitioning. These results contribute towards understanding the mechanisms responsible for the formation and maintenance of large herbivore assemblages in the Trans-Himalaya and other mountainous regions of the world. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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India |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1099 |
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Tuyatsatsral, T., Ganbold, B., Ganbat, O., Enkhee, C., Nyambat, N. |
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Title |
Buy Sheep Program and Environmental Planning of Herder Communities Assessment Report |
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2009 |
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Mongolia, herder, livestock, compensation, insurance |
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Apparently with the decrease of number of globally endangered snow leopard due to reduction of prey species and loss of habitat, new approaches have been initiated to mitigate conflicts between herders and wildlife, ensuring local participation and building up stakeholders’ responsibility in nature conservation through supporting and guiding of local communities in participation and implementation of collaborative management in sustainable natural resource use. Actually, herder communities, aimed to protect the nature become one of that approaches and made it common consideration, especially in the buffer zones of the Turgen mountain SPA, Tsagaanshuvuut SPA and Gulzat local protected areas of Uvs aimag, where WWF MPO, UNDP and MNET are performing projects, such as “Community based conservation of biodiversity in the mountain landscapes of the Mongolia’s Altai Sayan ecoregion”. Since 2007, in Uvs aimag, particularly in Khaliunbulag bag of Khovd soum, WWF MPO initiated the compensation scheme for herders, aimed to mitigate conflicts between herders and snow leopard, reducing their loss caused by snow leopard and to support them mentally as well.
Current assessment focused on performance evaluation of “Buy sheep” program in Khaliunbulag bag and capability of herder communities , that are established around protected areas, in developing their yearly environmental workplan, including its implementation process. |
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WWF Mongolia |
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WWF Mongolia |
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Mongolia |
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Mongolian |
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Report is also available in English in this bibliography |
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1097 |
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Plan to conserve snow leopard |
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1988 |
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Herald News Service |
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conservation plan; Himalaya; India; snow leopard |
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New Dehli |
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SLN @ rana @ 944 |
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Snow Leopard Survival Summit Group Photograph |
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Unsupported: Slide |
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2002 |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; Snow-Leopard-Survival-Summit; leopard; survival; seattle |
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Photograph of participants in 21-25 May 2002 Snow Leopard Survival Summit, Seattle, Washington, USA. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1080 |
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Abdunazarov, B.B. |
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Composition and numbers of the rare terrestrial vertebrates and prospects of their preservation in Uzbekistan. Nature reserves in the USSR: Their present and future |
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1990 |
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Uzbekistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; conservation; protected-area; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; protected; area; areas; 2530; Russian |
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Abstracts of the All-Union Conference, Novgorod. In Russian.
Place of Meeting: 1990
Date of Copyright: 1990 |
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SLN @ rana @ 150 |
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28 |
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Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R. |
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Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment |
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1987 |
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estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 467 |
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36 |
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Ale, S. |
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Conservation of the snow leopard in Nepal |
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Nepal; radio-collars; tracking; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; conservation; livestock; religion; folklore; blue-sheep; blue; sheep; browse; radio collars; radio; collar; collars; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; area; protected; areas; 4080 |
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Full text available at URL |
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Ale, S.B. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard in Remote Districts of Nepal |
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1994 |
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xii |
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Nepal; Manang; livestock; livestock-depredation; baiting; predation; villagers; herders; annapurna; retribution; conservation; management; training; tourism; browse; 4600 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 447 |
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54 |
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