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Author Hunter, D.
Title Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project Type Miscellaneous
Year 1996 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume xiv Issue Pages (down) 4-5
Keywords behavior; collars; desert; gobi; home-range; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; Mongolia; Munkhtsog; radio-collars; Satellite; Slims; telemetry; Wcs
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 442 Serial 391
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Author Nolte-Wilson, B.
Title Soveriegn of menaced realm: the snow leopard Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Natura WWF-Pakistan Newsletter Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages (down) 3-9
Keywords Pakistan; browse; behavior; Chitrol-Gol; baiting; spays; pug; scrapes; habitat; 3130
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 171 Serial 723
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Author Meiers, S.T.
Title Habitat use by captive puma (Felis concolor) and snow leopards (Pathera uncia) at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois Type Book Whole
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-74
Keywords habitat; habitat use; use; captive; felis; Felis-concolor; concolor; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; park; zoo; 1990; observations; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; zoological; zoological gardens; zoological-gardens; gardens; behavior; species; Time budget; dens; Identity; Animals; Animal; non; Cats; cat; location; relief
Abstract Between May 1990 and January 1991, behavioral observations were made of two captive pumas (Felis concolor Linnaeus), and two captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber) in their outdoor exhibits at the Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, Chicago, Illinois. Behaviors compared within and between species included: 1) time spend in the different habitat types; 2) time budgets for the different behaviors: laying, moving, sitting, standing, crouching, in the tree, drinking, urinating, defecating, within their inside dens, and “behavior not determined” when the identity or behavior of the individuals could not be determined; and 3) mobility of the animals within their exhibits. Also examined were: 4) preferences for different habitat types; 5) recommendations for future exhibit designs. Both species located themselves within their exhibits in a non-random manner. The majority of cats' time was spent in elevated locations (i.e., gunite ledges approximately 1-5.5 m above ground-level). Snow leopards exhibited this tendency to a greater extent than did the pumas. Both species also spent the majority of their time in the lying-down behavior; again snow leopards displayed this tendency significantly more than the pumas. Pumas were highly mobile and changed locations and behaviors in their exhibit significantly more than the snow leopards. No significant differences were noted between conspecifics in regard to habitat type preference, or mobility within the exhibit. Suggestions for future exhibit design include elevated locations for the cats to lay and look around within and outside their exhibits, caves for access to shade or relief from inclement weather, and ground surfaces to move about on. Features for exhibit design should take into consideration the natural habitat of the cat to occupy the exhibit.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis
Publisher DePaul University Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
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Notes A thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for the degree of Master of Science at DePaul University. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1008 Serial 673
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Author Thapa, K., Rayamajhi, S.
Title Anti-predator strategies of blue sheep (naur) under varied predator compositions: a comparison of snow leopard-inhabited valleys with and without wolves in Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication Wildlife Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-9
Keywords Annapurna conservation area, antipredator behavior, blue sheep (Naur), predation, prey predator traits, snow leopard, trade-off, wolf.
Abstract In Nepal, naur are usually the staple wild prey for the snow leopard, a solitary stalker hunter, and in some cases, for the wolf who hunts in a pack. We assumed that naur would adapt their anti-predatory responses to the presence of chasing and ambushing predators in the Manang Valley, where there are snow leopards and wolves, and in the Nar Phu valley, an area where there is only the snow leopard.

Aims. The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in anti-predator strategies (vigilance, habitat selection and escape terrain) of naur in two valleys over two seasons, spring and autumn.

Methods. In spring 2019, we conducted a reconnaissance survey on the status of the naur and its habitat in the Manang and Nar Phu valleys of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. In spring and autumn 2020 and 2021, we observed 360 focal naur individuals (180 individuals in each valley), using the vigilance behaviour methodology to examine the behaviour of the naur.

Key results. There was little difference in the size of the naur groups between the Manang and Nar Phu valleys. The naur were twice as vigilant in Manang (15%), where there are snow leopards and wolves, as they were in Nar Phu (9%), with only snow leopards. The distance from the naur to escape cover was significantly shorter in Manang than in Nar Phu valley. Naur used significantly more rolling terrain in Nar Phu than in Manang. Conclusions. The return of wolves to the Manang valley may have resulted in an increase in the level of naur vigilance. Most likely, the wolves in Manang have already had an effect on the female-to-young-ratio, and this effect will possibly have important consequences for the naur population, as well as at the ecosystem level in the future. Other key determining factors, such as the climate crisis and changes in local resources, could have a significant impact on the naur population, indicating the need for more research. Implications. The findings of this study would provide valuable baseline information for the design of a science-based conservation strategy for conservation managers and scientists on naur, snow leopards and wolves.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1732
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Author Ming, M.
Title Camera trapping on snow leopards in the Muzat Valley, Reserve, Xinjiang, P.R. China (October-December 2005) Type Report
Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down) 1-5
Keywords behavior; camera trapping; China; feces; ibex; infrared trapping cameras; livestock; population size; snow leopard; Tomur; transect; Xinjiang
Abstract The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate Snow Leopard population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province. We expended approximately 2094 trap days total. At least 32 pictures of Snow Leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species and 72 pictures of livestock were taken in the Muzat Valley. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. We also observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours and found a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 970 Serial 682
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Author Freeman, H.
Title Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages (down) 1-22
Keywords behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600
Abstract Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 60 Serial 319
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Author Schaller, G.B.
Title Stones of Silence: Journeys in the Himalaya Type Book Whole
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords Himalaya; Pakistan; behavior; browse; 2260
Abstract Anecdotal description of wildlife field studies in the Himalaya, including information on snow leopard natural history and an encounter with snow leopards in Pakistan.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Viking Press Place of Publication New York Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 63 Serial 865
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Author Jackson, R.
Title SSC Plan for Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 201 Serial 450
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Author Fox, J.L.
Title A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 137 Serial 294
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Author Jackson, R.
Title The Snow Leopard Conservancy, Dedicated to demonstrating innovative, grassroots measures that lead local shepherds to become better stewards of the endangered snow leopard, its prey and habitat Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords livestock-depredation; livestock; herders; conflict; Iucn; enclosures; pens; corrals; trap; poison; hunting; behavior; Ladakh; guard-dogs; Dogs; economics; incentives; compensation; depredation; guard; browse; 4060
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 377 Serial 465
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pokrovski, V.S.
Title The Snow Leopard Large Predators Type Book Whole
Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords Soviet-Union; Russia; Ussr; behavior; ecology; captivity; zoo; zoos; distribution; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2590
Abstract Detailed review of snow leopard distribution and abundance, behavior, ecology,captive population and conservation measures in the Soviet Union. Estimates a snow leopard population of 300 +/- 150.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Moscow Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 35 Serial 778
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jack; Jill; Jackson, P.; Wharton, D.; Jackson, R.
Title Snow leopard, Ucia uncia Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords Slims; status; distribution; habitat; diet; China; Mongolia; Kyrgyzstan; discription; range; conservation; behavior; browse; 4040
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 4 Serial 426
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Allabergenov E.
Title Predator that will never attack a man Type Miscellaneous
Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1 207 (7. 896) Issue Pages (down)
Keywords Uzbekistan; distribution; number; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5960; Russian
Abstract Irbis is a very endangered species in Uzbekistan. The article provides a brief description of the snow leopard appearance and distribution. Reasons for reduction of snow leopard population is reduction of ungulate populations it preys on ibex and wild sheep and anthropogenic disturbance. Hunting for snow leopard is prohibited everywhere.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 575 Serial 63
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Author Allabergenov E.
Title Snow leopard or ilvirs Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1 122 (6. 013) Issue Pages (down)
Keywords Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5940; Russian
Abstract In Uzbekistan, snow leopard can be found in the Turkistan and Gissar ridges, in the mountains of Zaami, and in the Kurama, Chatkal and Ugam ridges. Here it keeps at up to 3,000 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard feeds upon wild ungulates ibex and sheep, and sometimes attacks livestock but never man. A brief information concerning peculiarities of snow leopard biology and behavioral patterns is provided.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication 1986 Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 573 Serial 61
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Author Hillard, D.
Title Update on the Himalayan Snow Leopard Project Type Miscellaneous
Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume No. 8 Issue Pages (down)
Keywords Nepal; Himalaya; Jackson; collars; research; telemetry; yeowls; roars; mating-call; Langu; cubs; radio; field-work; surveys; tracking; behavior; browse; 4830
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 470 Serial 383
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Freeman, H.
Title Breeding and behavior of the snow leopard Type Report
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords snow leopard, captivity, breeding, behavior, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1239
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R.
Title Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment Type Miscellaneous
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume No. 13 Issue Pages (down)
Keywords estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 467 Serial 36
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gronberg, E.
Title Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters Type Report
Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior
Abstract Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis Master's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1301
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Author Johansson, O., Ausilio, G., Low, M., Lkhagvajav, P., Weckworth, B., Sharma, K.
Title The timing of breeding and independence for snow leopard females and their cubs. Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Mammalian Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (down)
Keywords Age of independence; Life-history trade-offs; Panthera uncia; Parental care; Pre-dispersal behavior; Separation; Subadult
Abstract Significant knowledge gaps persist on snow leopard demography

and reproductive behavior. From a GPS-collared population in Mongolia,

we estimated the timing of mating, parturition and independence. Based

on three mother–cub pairs, we describe the separation phase of the cub

from its mother as it gains independence. Snow leopards mated from

January–March and gave birth from April–June. Cubs remained with their

mother until their second winter (20–22 months of age) when cubs started

showing movements away from their mother for days at a time. This

initiation of independence appeared to coincide with their mother mating

with the territorial male. Two female cubs remained in their mothers’

territory for several months after initial separation, whereas the male

cub quickly dispersed. By comparing the relationship between body size

and age of independence across 11 solitary, medium-to-large felid

species, it was clear that snow leopards have a delayed timing of

separation compared to other species. We suggest this may be related to

their mating behavior and the difficulty of the habitat and prey capture

for juvenile snow leopards. Our results, while limited, provide

empirical estimates for understanding snow leopard ecology and for

parameterizing population models.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1613
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G.
Title Observation on Movements and Home Range of the Snow Leopard, (Panthera Uncia) In the Langu Gorge, West Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume No. 13 Issue Pages (down)
Keywords tracking; radio-tracking; collars; behavior; home-range; Nepal; browse; 4790
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 466 Serial 440
Permanent link to this record