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Author Kuznetzov B.A.
Title The cat family. The province of Central Asia mountains. The West Tien Shan area Type Miscellaneous
Year 1948 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 92-97
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; distribution; snow leopard.; 7500; Russian
Abstract It provides description of geographical distribution, habitats, behavior, and food of the cat family species in Kyrgyzstan (tiger, snow leopard, lynx, manul). It also provides zoogeographical description of Kyrgyzstan (zoogeographical zoning, landscape, fauna complexes), and zoning of Central Asia's mountainous areas. Snow leopard is met in the East Tien Shan, West Tien Shan, East Pamir, and Tajikistan mountainous areas. In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard is distributed in highlands of the Talas Ala-Tau. Terskey Ala-Tau, Kyrgyz, Fergana, Alai and Zaalai ridges.
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Notes Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Animals of Kyrgyzstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 728 Serial 603
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Author Prokopov K.P.
Title Taxonomic list of mammal fauna of eastern Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. I. Issue Pages (up) 92-93
Keywords Kazakhstan; Altai; Zaisan valley; Saur-Tarbagatai; mammals; snow leopard.; 7990; Russian
Abstract During the period 1965 through 1988, studies were conducted in the north-east of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan's Altai, Zaisan depression, Saur-Tarbagatai) and list of mammals (104 species) for the area made.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V Congress mammalogy' society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 777 Serial 794
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Author Volozheninov N.N.
Title Ecology of some mammals in western part of the Hissar ridge Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 92-101
Keywords Uzbekistan; Hissar ridge; number; diet; enemies; preys; Siberian ibex; snow leopard.; 8510; Russian
Abstract Additional data on Lepus tolai, Ochotona rutila, Citellus relictus, Marmota caudata, Sus scrofa, Capra sibirica in western part of the Hissar ridge, Uzbekistan, is given here based on materials of the years 1978-1983. Information about distribution of these species, their numbers, food, enemies, and other ecologic issues is provided. Capra sibirica is a principle species snow leopard preys on. In 1899 1983, the authors recorded more than 20 cases of snow leopards' killing ibex of different ages.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology, protection and introduction of vertebrate species in Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 828 Serial 990
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Author Kolosov A.M.
Title Central Asia Type Miscellaneous
Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 93-104
Keywords Central Asia; mountain system; species composition; distribution; number; habitats; rare species; endemics; game species; mammals; snow leopard.; 7190; Russian
Abstract It describes a mammal species composition in the mountain ecosystems of Central Asia Kopetdag, Hissaro-Alai and Pamir, Tien Shan, and Tarbagatai ridge. Data on distribution and population number is presented.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and enrichment of the USSR fauna. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 697 Serial 546
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Author Wang, X.; Schaller, G.B.
Title Status of large mammals in Western Inner Mongolia, China Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Journal of East China Normal University (Special Issue of Zoology) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 93-104
Keywords China; Mongolia; Inner-Mongolia; snow leopards; browse; inner; 2930
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 292 Serial 1003
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Author Johnson, W.E.; Dratch, P.A.; Martenson, J.S.; O'Brien, S.J.
Title Resolution of recent radiations within three evolutionary lineages of Felidae using mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism variation Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Journal of Mammalian Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages (up) 97-120
Keywords Evolution; Evolutionary-Lineages; Mitochondrial-Dna; Mitochondrial-Restriction-Fragment-Length-Polymorphism-Variation; phylogeny; Recent-Radiations; Restriction-Enzymes; Tigrina; snow-leopard; browse; evolutionary; lineages; mitochondrial; Dna; restriction; fragment; length; polymorphism; variation; radiation; enzymes; recent; recent radiation; 1340
Abstract Patterns of mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) variation were used to resolve more recent relationships among the species of the Felidae ocelot lineage, domestic cat lineage, and pantherine lineage. Twenty-five of 28 restriction enzymes revealed site variation in at least 1 of 21 cat species. The ocelot lineage was resolved into three separate sister taxa groups: Geoffroy's cat (Oncifelis geoffroyi) and kodkod (O. guigna), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and margay (L. wiedii), and pampas cat (Lynchailurus colocolo) and most of the tigrina samples (Leopardus tigrina). Within the domestic cat lineage, domestic cat (Felis catus), European wild cat (F. silvestris), and African wild cat (F. libyca) formed a monophyletic trichotomy, which was joined with sand cat (F. margarita) to a common ancestor. Jungle cat (F. chaus) and black-footed cat (F. nigripes) mtDNAs diverged earlier than those of the other domestic cat lineage species and are less closely related. Within the pantherine lineage, phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct groups, uniting lion (P. leo) with leopard (P. pardus) and tiger (P. tigris) with snow leopard (P. uncia).
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Notes Document Type: English Call Number: QL708.5 J68 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 276 Serial 501
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Author Koshkarev E.P.
Title Key areas of snow leopard's habitat as main conservation objects Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. 1. Issue Pages (up) 97-98
Keywords Kazakhstan; Southern Siberia; Central Asia; Talass ridge; Chatkal ridge; Zeravshan ridge; Hissar ridge; species range; key sites; snow leopard; nature reserves.; 7260; Russian
Abstract The most vulnerable key areas within the snow leopard habitat are East Kazakhstan (an area of 48,000 square km) with no protected areas network established, and South Siberia (131,000 square km), where snow leopard is protected in three nature reserves. These areas are distant from main part of the habitat, isolated and have more extreme conditions. In Central Asia's key area (213,000 square km) linked to a main Chinese-Afghani part of the habitat, snow leopard was found in 11 nature reserves and two national parks. For reliable protection of this species it would be expedient to strengthen the role of the mountain nature reserves by means of extension and amalgamation of the areas, and other measures.
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Notes Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Environmental problems of wildlife protection. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 704 Serial 560
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title About representativeness of terrain vertebrate fauna in the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve for the whole West Tien Shan region Type Miscellaneous
Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol.8. Issue Pages (up) 97-99
Keywords Kazakhstan; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7380; Russian
Abstract Mammals inhabiting the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve make up 79.6 percent of the whole mammal fauna of the West Tien Shan. The following endangered species live in the area: argali, brown bear, dhole, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, stone marten, porcupine, and free-toiled bat. Snow leopard deserves a special attention.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (the Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 716 Serial 583
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Author Sokov A.I.
Title About rare carnivores of Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 97-102
Keywords Tajikistan; Pamir; conservation; rare species; carnivores; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 8210; Russian
Abstract The data on distribution of 10 species of rare carnivores in Tajikistan are given. Uncia uncia uncia inhabits in high mountain regions of Central Tajikistan and Mountain-Badakhshan province. Tajikistan has banned the hunting of snow leopard since 1968. Author proposes to establish of nature reserves in Eastern Pamir in Aksay and Modur, in basin of Istyk river as well as in area from Matcha village to Zeravshan glacier including Southern Turkestan ridge and Northern Zeravshan ridge for purpose of snow leopard conservation.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of USSR fauna. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 799 Serial 912
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Author Aizin B.M.
Title Siberian ibex Capra sibirica Pall Type Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 98-105
Keywords Kyrgyzsatn; Siberian ibex; distribution; life history; diet; predators; snow leopard.; 5890; Russian
Abstract It describes status of ibex in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, behavioral patterns, enemies and competitors, etc. The enemies of ibex are snow leopard and wolf. All year round snow leopard preys on ibex its main food object and, therefore, should there be ibexes, snow leopards would be somewhere around. In winter, a considerable number of ibex dies from wolves. Sometimes dogs prey on ibex, too. Golden eagles and bearded vultures prey on young ibexes. However, poachers remain the most dangerous enemy.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 568 Serial 44
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title A problem of rare and endangered animal species in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 99-101
Keywords Kazakhstan; rare species; Red Data book; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes; snow leopard; researching; conservation; hunting prohibition; habitat restoration; genome conservation.; 7350; Russian
Abstract The Red Book of the Kazakh SSR includes 91 rare and endangered vertebrate animal species: 30 mammal, 48 bird, eight reptile, one amphibian, and four fish species. 26 species (Menzbier's marmot, marten species, lynx, snow leopard, and other species) became rare because of a direct anthropogenic pressure. The prohibition of hunting, conservation and rehabilitation of their habitats, reproduction in enclosures and preservation of some species' genomes is a way that would conserve rare species, the authors believe.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan and the conservation challenges. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 713 Serial 580
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Author Bobrinskiy, N.A.
Title Subgenus Leopardus Type Miscellaneous
Year 1935 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 100-101
Keywords Ussr; leopards; snow leopard; distribution; features.; 6300; Russian
Abstract Snow Leopard Felis (Leopardus) uncia S c h r † b., 1778 is distributed in the mountains of Central Asia, Turkmenistan (very rare) and Turkestan, on Tarbagatay, Altay, Sayans and in Uriankhay area. Subspecies haven't been described. Body length is about 130 cm, tail length 90 cm.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guide on hunting-game animals of USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 608 Serial 178
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Author Koshkarev E.P.
Title Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of habitat, ecology, protection Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 100 p.
Keywords Kyzgyzstan; snow leopard; life-history; distribution; habitats; number; diet; behavior; conservation measures.; 7240; Russian
Abstract Habitat, status of population, geographical distribution, number, and ecology of snow leopard in Tien Shan are analyzed based on original realistic material collected 1981 through 1988.Information about irbis in the `foreign' part of its habitat is given for comparison. The reasons for snow leopard habitat shrinkage in Central Asia and Kazakhstan for over 100 years are assessed. Status of ungulate populations snow leopard prey on is given. The predator's behavioral pattern and condition in enclosure are given consideration. Protection measures are proposed.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 702 Serial 558
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title Preservation of gene pool of rare and endangered animal species Type Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 100-107
Keywords Kazakhstan; gene pool; rare species; mammals; ungulates; carnivores; snow leopard; rodents; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes.; 7360; Russian
Abstract The rare species are protected in six nature reserves in Kazakhstan, including 9 mammals, 29 birds, and one reptile species. More than 20 rare and endangered species inhabiting Kazakhstan cannot be met within the nature reserves. The point is to establish a network of state nature reserves, particularly in steppe and desert area of the country.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The nature conservation in Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 714 Serial 581
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Author Mallon, D.P.
Title Status and Conservation of Large Mammals in Ladakh Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages (up) 101-119
Keywords Ladakh; India; snow-leopard; wolf; Canis-lupus; ibex; brown-bear; bear; Ursus-arctos; parks; reserves; hunting; herders; livestock; snow leopard; browse; canis; lupis; ursus; arctos; 800
Abstract The distribution and status of large mammals was surveyed in a 15 000 km2 study area in Ladakh, India. Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, ibex Capra ibex and bharal Pseudois nayaur have an almost continuous distribution throughout; Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, Tibetan argali Ovis ammon, wild ass Equus kiang and brown bear Ursus arctos have a limited distribution. Snow leopard prefer lower altitudes and rocky, undisturbed areas. Ibex and bharal occupy similar rocky habitats but their ranges are mostly separate, with a small area of overlap. The Ladakh urial shows signs of recovery from an earlier decline. Natural resources are widely used for fuel, fodder and grazing, but favourable factors include a low human population, low level of hunting and the existence of some uninhabited and undisturbed areas. A comprehensive Protected Area Network has been proposed.
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Notes Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 175 Serial 647
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Author Zamoshnikov V.D.
Title Current status of biodiversity of Western Tien Shan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 101-108
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; biodiversity; Red Data book; snow leopard.; 8700; Russian
Abstract This paper deals with current status of biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Just from mammals 6 species: Menzbier's marmot, dhole, Central Asian otter, snow leopard, Turkestan lynx, Tien Shan argali are included in Red dada Book of Kyrgyzstan.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Status and perspectives. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 847 Serial 1072
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Author Mishra, C.; Fitzherbert, A.
Title War and wildlife: a post-conflict assessment of Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages (up) 102-105
Keywords Afghanistan; fur trade; human-wildlife conflict; hunting; Lynx; marco polo sheep; snow leopard; Wakhan; wolf; 5270
Abstract Prior to the last two decades of conflict, Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor was considered an important area for conservation of the wildlife of high altitudes. We conducted an assessment of the status of large mammals in Wakhan after 22 years of conflict, and also made a preliminary assessment of wildlife trade

in the markets of Kabul, Faizabad and Ishkashem. The survey confirmed the continued occurrence of at least eight species of large mammals in Wakhan, of which the snow leopard Uncia uncia and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon are globally threatened. We found evidence of human-wildlife conflict in Wakhan due to livestock depredation by snow leopard and wolf Canis lupus. Large mammals are hunted for meat, sport, fur, and in retaliation against livestock depredation. The fur trade in Kabul is a threat to the snow leopard, wolf, lynx Lynx lynx and common leopard Panthera pardus.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 512 Serial 694
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Author Zhiryakov V.A.
Title The Almaty nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 102-114
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; snow leopard; number.; 8800; Russian
Abstract It provides general information about the Almatya nature reserve (Kazakhstan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabits alpine zone and goes down as low as forest-meadow zone following ibex in winter. There are two or three families of snow leopard in the nature reserve. The population of ibex is 600 700 animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 857 Serial 1086
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Author Han, X. Miquelle, D. G., Zhang, E., Jones, M., and Jin, T..
Title Far eastern leopard and Siberian tiger conservation measures. Type Conference Article
Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 102-103
Keywords CCT, conservation, conservation needs, conservation strategy, distribution, Jilin Province, leopard, monitoring, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, poaching, recovery, Recovery plan, snow
Abstract Workshop to develop a recovery plan for the wild north China tiger population. October 20th to 23th, 2000, Harbin.

Like the Siberian Tiger, the Far Eastern Leopard is one of China's largest Felidae and lives mainly in the eastern mountains of Jilin Province. The number of leopards is very low and it is even more endangered than the tiger. There is a very close relationship between leopard and tiger conservation, especially in areas where overlap occurs. In these areas, special emphasis has to be placed on each of the species' specific conservation needs. There is urgent need to step up our efforts to study and monitor leopard populations and to develop a conservation strategy. This document contains information of the status and main threats of the Far Eastern leopard and makes recommendations on needed conservation measures.
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Corporate Author U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund Thesis
Publisher Widlife Conservation Society Place of Publication Harbin Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1117
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Author O'Connor, T.; Freeman, H.
Title Maternal behavior and behavioral development in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Book Chapter
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages (up) 103-110
Keywords behavior; captive; development; International; Panthera-uncia; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1035 Serial 733
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Author Begg, T.
Title Nutritional bone disease in the snow leopard Type Book Chapter
Year 1978 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1 Issue Pages (up) 104-107
Keywords bone; captive; Disease; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary; zoo
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1047 Serial 125
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Author Yu, N.Z.C.; Wang, X.; He, G.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Lu, W.; Tang, F.
Title A revision of genus Uncia Gray, 1854 based on mitochondrial DNA restriction site maps Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Acta Theriologica Sinica Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages (up) 105-108
Keywords taxonomy; uncia; panthera; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1350; Chinese
Abstract The Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is one of the most threatened wild big cats within its range of distribution, however, the question of its systematic status is a matter of debate. Is it a member of genus Panthera, or is it in its own genus (Uncia)? The analysis of genetic difference at the DNA level may provide useful data to clarify the issue. In the present study, ten hexanucleotide-specific restriction endonucleases were used to evaluate the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation between the Snow leopard and leopard (P. pardus). The molecular size of mtDNA from the two species was about 16.5 kb. Ten enzymes surveyed 32-34 restriction sites, which corresponded to 192 apprx 204 base pairs, or 1.16% apprx 1.24% of the total mtDNA molecule. A total of 45 restriction sites were mapped; of these sites, twenty-four, which correspond to 53.3% of the total sites, were variable. The sequence divergence between them was 0.075 33, which was undoubtedly in the species-level distinction but did not reach the genus level. Therefore, the Snow leopard should be placed in the genus Panthera rather than in its own ganus. It also seems reasonable to recognize Uncia as a valid subgenus. This conclusion not only support but also supplement the viewpoint of Simpson who treated Uncia as a subgenus within Panthera.
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Notes Document Type: Chinese Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 295 Serial 1063
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Author Chalise, M.K.
Title Nepalka Samrakshit Banyajantu (Nepal's Protected Wildlife in Nepali language) Type Book Whole
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 106-108
Keywords government; language; leopard; leopards; Nepal; protected; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; wildlife
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Publisher Shajha Prakashan Place of Publication Lalitpur, Kathmandu Editor
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Notes In Nepalese language only. Includes only the chapter on snow leopards and the book cover. The book is published by a government corporate house of publication. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1058 Serial 211
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Author Kashkarov D.Yu.
Title Rare finds of fauna in the West Tien Shan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 106-107
Keywords Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal ridge; Chirchik river upper; rare species; new records; snow leopard.; 7110; Russia
Abstract Collected are additional data on encounters with six rare animal species that have been never seen before in the West Tien Shan. These are free-toiled bat, Etruscan shrew, snow leopard, little forktail, urban swallow, Central Asia tortoise, and Kyrgyz racerunner.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan: conservation and sustainable use. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 689 Serial 522
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Author Plakhov K.N.
Title Menzbier's marmot in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages (up) 106-109
Keywords Kazakhstan; Menzbier's marmot; predators; snow leopard.; 7900; Russian
Abstract Menzbier's marmot is preyed on by snow leopard, bear, wolf, fox, bearded vulture, golden eagle, black vulture, and raven. A harm caused by the predators to the Kazakhstan population of marmot made up 2,000 3,000 in 2001.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 768 Serial 774
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