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Li, J., Weckworth, B. V., McCarthy, T. M., Liang, X., Liu, Y., Xing, R., Li, D., Zhang, Y., Xue, Y., Jackson, R., Xiao, L., Cheng, C., Li, S., Xu, F., Ma, M., Yang, X., Diao, K., Gao, Y., Song, D., Nowell, K., He, B., Li, Y., McCarthy, K., Paltsyn, M. Y., Sharma, K., Mishra, C., Schaller, G. B., Lu, Z., Beissinger, S. R. |
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Title |
Defining priorities for global snow leopard conservation landscapes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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241 |
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108387 |
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1-10 |
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Panthera uncia, Conservation prioritization, Landscape Conservation Unit, Connectivity, Linkage |
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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an apex predator on the Tibetan Plateau and in the surrounding mountain ranges. It is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN's Red List. The large home range and low population densities of this species mandate range-wide conservation prioritization. Two efforts for range-wide snow leopard conservation planning have been conducted based on expert opinion, but both were constrained by limited knowledge and the difficulty of evaluating complex processes, such as connectivity across large landscapes. Here, we compile > 6000 snow leopard occurrence records from across its range and corresponding environmental covariates to build a model of global snow leopard habitat suitability. Using spatial prioritization tools, we identi!ed seven large continuous habitat patches as global snow leopard Landscape Conservation Units (LCUs). Each LCU faces differing threat levels from poaching, anthropogenic development, and climate change. We identi!ed ten po- tential inter-LCU linkages, and centrality analysis indicated that Tianshan-Pamir-Hindu Kush-Karakorum, Altai, and the linkage between them play a critical role in maintaining the global snow leopard habitat connectivity. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1490 |
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Tiwari, M. P., Devkota, B. P., Jackson, R. M., Chhetri, B. B.
K., Bagale, S. |
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Title |
What Factors Predispose Households in Trans-Himalaya (Central
Nepal) to Livestock Predation by Snow Leopards? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
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10 |
Issue |
2187 |
Pages ![sorted by First Page field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1-14 |
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human-snow leopard conflict; livestock predation; Narphu valley; trans-Himalaya |
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Livestock depredation across the trans-Himalaya causes
significant economic losses to pastoralist communities. Quantification
of livestock predation and the assessment of variables associated with
depredation are crucial for designing effective long-term mitigation
measures. We investigated the patterns and factors of livestock
depredation by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) using semi-structured
questionnaires targeting herders in the Narphu valley of the Annapurna
Conservation Area, Nepal. During the two years (2017/18 and 2018/19),
73.9% of the households interviewed (n = 65) lost livestock to snow
leopards, with an annual average loss of two livestock per household. Of
the total depredation attributed to snow leopards, 55.4% were yak
(mainly female: 79%), 31.7% goat, 6.8% sheep, 3.2% horse and 2.8%
cattle. Results from applying Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs)
revealed the total number of livestock owned and the number of larger
bodied livestock species as the main explanatory covariates explaining
livestock depredation. Forty-one (41%) of all herders considered snow
leopard’s preference for domestic livestock as the main factor in
livestock predation, whereas only 5% perceived poor herding practice as
the main reason for the loss. Our study found poor and changing herding
practices in the valley, whereby 71% herders reported careful herding as
a solution to snow leopard depredation, and 15% of herders considered
the complete extermination of snow leopards as the best solution to the
problem. Tolerance levels and awareness among herders towards snow
leopard conservation is increasing, mainly due to the Buddhist religion
and strict law enforcement within this protected area. We recommend the
effective implementation of a community-based livestock insurance scheme
to compensate the economic loss of herders due to predation and improved
herding practices as the recommended mitigation measures for ensuring
livestock security and snow leopards’ conservation in the valley. |
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1624 |
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Author |
Jackson, R., Hunter, D.O. |
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Title |
Snow leopard Survey and conservation handbook (First edition) |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
1995 |
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1-120 |
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CCT, census, conservation, habitat, method, monitoring, prey, snow leopard, survey, Uncia uncia |
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Abstract |
The objectives of this handbook (First edition) are to provide standard procedures for conducting snow leopard status and distribution surveys; suggest uniform methods for assessing the status and relative abundance of large prey species (ungulates such as blue sheep, argali, markhor, Himalayan tahr, urial, ibex, red deer, and roe deer); offer guidance in evaluating habitat quality and identifying the major environmental factors affecting species welfare; and provide standard forms for reporting the results of these field surveys, and a process for feeding information developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust into Snoe Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS). |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1120 |
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Johansson, O., Agvaantseren, B., Jackson, R., Kachel, S., Kubanychbekov, Z., McCarthy, T., Mishra, C., Ostrowski, S., Kulenbekov, R., Rajabi, A. M., Subba, S. |
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Title |
Body measurements of free-ranging snow leopards across their range |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
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1-6 |
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Body mass, body size, carnivore, morphology, Panthera uncia |
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We provide body measurements of snow leopards collected from 55 individuals sampled in five of the major mountain ranges within the species distribution range; the Altai, Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Pamirs and Tien Shan mountains. Snow leopards appear to be similarly sized across their distribution range with mean body masses of 36 kg and 42 kg for adult females and adult males, respectively. In contrast to other large felids, we found little variation in body size and body mass between the sexes; adult males were on average 5% longer and 15% heavier than adult females. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1711 |
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Hacker, C., Atzeni, L., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtsog, B., Galsandorj, N., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Buyanaa, C., Bayandonoi, G., Ochirjav, M., Farrington, J. D., Jevit, M., Zhang, Y., Wu, L. Cong, W., Li, D., Gavette, C., Jackson, R., Janecka, J. E. |
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Title |
Genetic diversity and spatial structures of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) reveal proxies of connectivity across Mongolia and northwestern China |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
Publication |
Landscape Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-19 |
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Admixture · Central Asia · Connectivity · Habitat Modeling · Landscape Genetics · Noninvasive Genetics · MEM · Spatial Structures |
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Understanding landscape connectivity and population genetic parameters is imperative for threatened species management. However, such information is lacking for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). This study sought to explore hierarchical snow leopard gene flow patterns and drivers of genetic structure in Mongolia and China. A total of 97 individuals from across Mongolia and from the north-eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Gansu Province to the middle of Qinghai Province in China were genotyped across 24 microsatellite loci. Distance-based frameworks were used to determine a landscape scenario best explaining observed genetic structure. Spatial and non-spatial methods were used to investigate fine-scale autocorrelation and similarity patterns as well as genetic structure and admixture. A genetic macro-division between populations in China and Mongolia was observed, suggesting that the Gobi Desert is a substantial barrier to gene flow. However, admixture and support for a resistance-based mode of isolation suggests connective routes that could facilitate movement. Populations in Mongolia had greater connectivity, indicative of more continuous habitat. Drivers of genetic structure in China were difficult to discern, and fine-scale sampling is needed. This study elucidates snow leopard landscape connectivity and helps to prioritize conservation areas. Although contact zones may have existed and occasional crossings can occur, establishing corridors to connect these areas should not be a priority. Focus should be placed on maintaining the relatively high connectivity for snow leopard populations within Mongolia and increasing research efforts in China. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1717 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Recovery Plan: Preliminary Recommendations |
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Report |
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1990 |
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Submitted to Species Survival Commission, Cat Specialist Group 31 January 1990. |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1118 |
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Jackson, R., Ahlborn, G.G. |
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Appendix: Snow leopard managment recommendations provided to HMG in: Himalayan Snow Leopard Project: Final Progress Report, Phase I. Report: 1-7. Himalayan |
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1986 |
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1-7 |
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action plan, CCT, conservation, Himalaya, human wildlife conflict, hunting, livestock, local participation, local people, management/protected |
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Preliminary recommendations for the management of snow leopard and its prey are provided for the Langu Valley segment of the Shey-Pkoksundo National Park. Park-wide and country-wide conservation options and management recommendations await results of the surveys scheduled for 1987. The following management objectives are formulated: 1) Protection and ultimate restoration of all natural communities within the area 2) Special protection measures for snow leopard and musk deer (strict control of hunting and livestock grazing) 3) Secure natural resources around local villages 4) Respect traditional rights of villagers, while controlling high impact human activities 5) Secure cooperation of local people. These objectives are refined and recommendations for concrete conservation actions are made.
Notes: document is a part of the Himalayan Snow Leopard Project: Final Progress Report, Phase I |
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1119 |
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Anwar, M., Jackson, R., Nadeem, M., Janecka, J., Hussain, S., Beg, M., Muhammad, G., and Qayyum, M. |
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Title |
Food habits of the snow leopard Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) in Baltistan, Northern Pakistan |
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2011 |
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European Journal of Wildlife Research |
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3 March |
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1-7 |
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Himalayas, Karakoram, Scat, Diet, Hair, Livestock, Biomass |
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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the high, remote mountains of Pakistan from where very little information is available on prey use of this species. Our study describes the food habits of the snow leopard in the Himalayas and Karakoram mountain ranges in Baltistan, Pakistan. Ninety-five putrid snow leopard scats were collected from four sites in Baltistan. Of these, 49 scats were genetically confirmed to have originated from snow leopards. The consumed prey was identified on the basis of morphological characteristics of hairs recovered from the scats. It was found that most of the biomass consumed (70%) was due to domestic livestock viz. sheep (23%), goat (16%), cattle (10%), yak (7%), and cattle–yak hybrids (14%). Only 30% of the biomass was due to wild species, namely Siberian ibex (21%), markhor (7%), and birds (2%). Heavy predation on domestic livestock appeared to be the likely cause of conflict with the local inhabitants. Conservation initiatives should focus on mitigating this conflict by minimizing livestock losses. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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1612-4642 |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1304 |
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Jackson, R., Hillard, D. |
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Title |
Non-invasive Monitoring to Support Local Stewardship of Snow Leopards and Their Prey: Annual progress report summary |
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2003 |
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Under this grant awarded by The Leonard X. Bosack and Bette M. Kruger Foundation through the auspices of Cat Action Treasury, SLC set out to accomplish the following outcomes in our Stewardship Program:
As of July 1, 2003 we completed the following major activities:
* Tested and compared different remote sensor and camera configurations to determine which is most reliable at “capturing” passing snow leopards;
* Investigated sampling strategies and camera trap placement with respect to snow leopard travel patterns and marking behavior;
* Compared different survey methods: direct (non-invasive capture of photos and DNA material contained in hairs), and indirect (sign transects and presence/absence surveys under the standard SLIMS protocol);
* Assessed the attitude of local people toward snow leopards, wolves and other wildlife as well as their perceptions of benefits and costs associated with the Hemis National Park, in order to craft more effective conservation and park management measures.
These activities mesh with SLC’s ongoing program of predator-proofing livestock corrals in settlements of the Hemis National Park, as well as outside protected areas (including Zanskar, Lingshed and Kanji. For each village’s corrals that are improved, we estimate that five or more snow leopards are saved from retaliatory killing by shepherds who lose valuable livestock.
Our program in assisting villagers to gain supplementary income from tourism-related activities is gaining strength, with trainings in 10 settlements this spring. SLC brought staff of KCC, the Khangchenjunga Conservation Committee, a local NGO based in Sikkim to assist in the skills training and to exchange ideas and experiences from other areas.
Following on from the groundwork laid during the first Bosack-Kruger grant to SLC, we launched a major initiative in collaboration with the Mountain Institute, the Himalayan Homestay program. Funding for this is being provided by UNESCO.
For further information on these and other snow leopard conservation efforts, see our newly designed web-page.
The following paragraphs summarize our accomplishments to date, supported by this grant. For detailed information, please consult the following reports, which are being mailed under separate cover:
1) “Local People’s Attitudes toward Wildlife Conservation in Hemis National Park with Special Reference to the Conservation of Large Predators” (prepared by Rodney Jackson, Rinchen Wangchuk and Jigmet Dadul)
2) “Non-Invasive Monitoring to Support Stewardship of Snow Leopards and Their Prey:
Evaluation of Remote Camera Traps for Censusing Snow Leopards” (prepared by Rodney Jackson and Jerry Roe). |
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Submitted to: The Leonard X. Bosack and Bette M. Kruger Charitable Foundation; submitted by the Snow Leopard Conservancy |
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1337 |
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Author |
Froede, K. and Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Manual Field Study Techniques for the Kingdom Nepal |
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2001 |
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analysis, census, data, field work, forms, manual, method, methods, monitoring, research, signs, snow leopard, survey, techniques, transects, Uncia uncia |
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The publication of this manual aims sharing and facilitating the study on snow leopard and its prey species among mid-level professionals interested in conducting fieldwork on their own. The manual is derived from the 1996 “Snow Leopard Survey and Conservation Handbook” written by Dr. Rodney Jackson and Dr. Don Hunter and published by International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) based in seatle, Washington, USA. The first section introduces the topic, the second and third section deal with presence/ absence and abundance survey methods. The various survey-froms with instructions are given in the annexes. |
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Baluwatar, PO. Box: 7660, Kathmandu, Nepal |
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WWF Nepal Program |
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WWF Nepal |
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Kathmandu, Nepal |
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1128 |
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Jackson, R.; Fox, J. L. |
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Report on the fourth SLIMS training workshop, Bhutan |
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1997 |
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May 13-30, 1997; report for International Snow Leopard Trust |
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1165 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Threatened wildlife, crop, and livestock depredation and grazing in the Makalu-Barun Conservation Area |
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1990 |
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April |
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1-105 |
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Nepal, Makalu-Barun Conservation Area, grazing, depredation |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1170 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Observations on the status and distribution of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Nepal |
Type |
Report |
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1977 |
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snow leopard, Nepal |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1229 |
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Author |
Jackson, R., Wangchuk, R. |
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Title |
People-wildlife conflicts in the trans-Himalaya |
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Conference Article |
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2000 |
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1-10 |
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Wildlife-related crop and livestock damage is emerging as a leading source of conflict between local communities, protected areas and park managers throughout India and the Himalayan region (Kharel 1997, Mishra 1997, Saberwal et al. 1994 and Sekhar 1998). For example, a comprehensive household-level survey of herders living in Nepal’s Annapurna Conservation Area suggested that predation accounted for 63% of all livestock mortality over a 18-24 month period, mostly attributable to snow leopard (Jackson et al. 1996). Oli et al. (1994) reported the predation rate at 2.6% of the stockholding, with losses representing as much as 25% of the average household’s per capita income. Hardly surprisingly, most local people held strongly negative attitudes toward snow leopard and wolf. In the Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in Lahaul-Spiti, Mishra (1997) reported that 18% of the livestock holding were killed over a 18 month period, amounting to 1.6 animals per household perannum, with an estimated total value of US $ 128 per family per year. Villages received compensationin only 28 of 131 reported cases. According to local residents, predation rates in the sanctuary had increased markedly since its establishment. Mishra (1997) attributes this to a dramatic increase in livestock numbers accompanying a shift rom subsistence to a more commercially-based animal husbandry pattern.
The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of livestock damage from wild carnivores and how protected area managers could best approach this contentious issue. The author uses Hemis National Park as a case study example, focusing on baseline information gathering, and past, current and proposed remedial actions for reducing losses and compensating livestock owners. |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1332 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
A report on wildlife and hunting in the Namlang (Langu) Valley of West Nepal |
Type |
Report |
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1978 |
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1-23 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1290 |
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Author |
Jain, N.; Wangchuk, R.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
An Assessment of CBT and Homestay Sites in Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh |
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Report |
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2003 |
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1-14 |
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Keywords |
assessment; Himachal; himachal pradesh; Himachal-Pradesh; United; Organization; survey; Report; activities; activity; mountain; Tmi; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; Snow Leopard Conservancy; leopard; Ladakh; States; India; Himalayan; program; conservation; local; livelihood; asia |
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Abstract |
The survey described in this report builds upon prior CBT activities undertaken by The Mountain Institute (TMI) in partnership with the Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) in Ladakh, supported by a grant from UNESCO (with co-financing from SLC). Under the evolving concept of “Himalayan Homestays”, initially developed and tested in Ladakh, it is proposed that activities be expanded to selected states in India in a strategic and effective way. Himalayan Homestays are part of a larger integrated program to link snow leopard conservation with local livelihoods in Asia. |
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Supported by: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 1019 |
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483 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. |
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Title |
Surveying Snow Leopard Populations with Emphasis on Camera Trapping: A Handbook |
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Book Whole |
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2005 |
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1-73 |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; populations; population; camera; camera trapping; trapping |
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Abstract |
This handbook provides an introduction to snow leopard population survey techniques, followed by a detailed account of camera trapping methods.During the 2002 through 2004 winter field seasons, the Snow Leopard Conservancy experimented with infrared camera trapping techniques to define a methodology suitable for the high altitude environment.
In 2001 and 2002, much of our time was spent familiarizing ourselves with various infrared camera traps, their operation and setup, and comparing the effectiveness of different models and sensor types. We placed infrared camera traps along frequently used travel corridors at or near scent-sprayed rocks (rock scents) and scrape sites within 16 km2 sampling cells between January and March in 2003 and 2004. A total of 66 and 49 captures of snow leopards were tallied during 2003 and 2004, resulting in an overall capture success of 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights, respectively. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.46. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 ± 0.22 individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 ± 0.16 in 2004, with the disparity between years largely attributed to different trapping densities. Snow leopard abundance estimates were calculated using the computer program CAPTURE. |
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The Snow Leopard Conservancy |
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Sonoma, California |
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English version. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1016 |
Serial |
474 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. |
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Title |
Surveying Snow Leopard Populations with Emphasis on Camera Trapping: A Handbook |
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Book Whole |
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2005 |
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1-73 |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; conservation; populations; population; camera; camera trapping; trapping; Chinese |
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Abstract |
This handbook provides an introduction to snow leopard population survey techniques, followed by a detailed account of camera trapping methods.During the 2002 through 2004 winter field seasons, the Snow Leopard Conservancy experimented with infrared camera trapping techniques to define a methodology suitable for the high altitude environment.
In 2001 and 2002, much of our time was spent familiarizing ourselves with various infrared camera traps, their operation and setup, and comparing the effectiveness of different models and sensor types. We placed infrared camera traps along frequently used travel corridors at or near scent-sprayed rocks (rock scents) and scrape sites within 16 km2 sampling cells between January and March in 2003 and 2004. A total of 66 and 49 captures of snow leopards were tallied during 2003 and 2004, resulting in an overall capture success of 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights, respectively. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.46. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 ± 0.22 individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 ± 0.16 in 2004, with the disparity between years largely attributed to different trapping densities. Snow leopard abundance estimates were calculated using the computer program CAPTURE. |
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The Snow Leopard Conservancy |
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Sonoma, California |
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Chinese |
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Chinese translation. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 1015 |
Serial |
473 |
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Author |
Wangchuk, R.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
A Community-based Approach to Mitigating Livestock-Wildlife Conflict in Ladakh, India |
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2009 |
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1-9 |
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community-based; approach; conflict; Ladakh; India; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; wolf; wolves; Himalayan; region; Jackson; kibber; Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary; wildlife; sanctuary; sanctuaries; loss; us; villagers; predation; establishment; surveys; survey; number; change; Animal; animal-husbandry; husbandry; system; 2000 |
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Livestock depredation by snow leopard and wolf is widespread across the Himalayan region (Jackson et al. 1996, Jackson and Wangchuk 2001; Mishra 1997, Oli et al 1994). For example, in India's Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, Mishra (1997) reported losses amounting to 18% of the livestock holdings and valued at about US $138 per household. The villagers claimed predation rates increased after establishment of the sanctuary, but
surveys indicated a dramatic increase in livestock numbers accompanying changes in animal husbandry systems (Mishra 2000). |
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SLN @ rana @ 1014 |
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1005 |
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Author |
Gundersen, S.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard in Nepal |
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1999 |
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1-24 |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Nepal; Wwf; program; Support; parks; park; wildlife; conservation; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust |
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Gundersen, S. |
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WWF Nepal Program prepared booklet with support of Department of Natural Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal, and the International Snow Leopard Trust. |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 1002 |
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361 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Community Participation: Tools and Examples |
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2000 |
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community; workshop; wildlife; India; us; Himalayan; biodiversity; project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; management; planning; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; 2000; leh; Ladakh |
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In response to dwindling wildlife populations and habitat, governments established national parks and protected areas, often with little input from people living in the immediate area. In some cases communities were relocated, but in most they are left to pursue traditional agricultural and pastoral livelihoods under a new set of rules. Important questions of land tenure remained unresolved, with a “fences and fines” approach to protected area management (Stolton and Dudley 1999). |
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Management Planning Workshop for the Trans-Himalayan Protected Areas, 25-29 August, 2000, Leh, Ladak |
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Workshop sponsored by the Wildlife Institute of India, US Fish and Wildlife Service Himalayan Biodiversity project, andInternational Snow Leopard Trust |
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SLN @ rana @ 1020 |
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467 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Bhutan Workshop: Thimpu, Land of the Thunder Dragon |
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Miscellaneous |
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1997 |
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xv |
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1 |
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Bhutan; Himalaya; Slims; surveys; Islt; Jigme-Dorgi; poisoning; herders; browse; 4510 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, Wa |
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Full text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
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SLN @ rana @ 439 |
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459 |
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Jackson, R.; Ahlborn G.; Ale S.; Gurung D.; Gurung M.; Yadav |
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Reducing Livestock Depredation in the Nepalese Himalaya: Case of the Annapurna Conservation Area |
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1994 |
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reducing; livestock; depreadation; nepalese; Himalaya; annapurna conservation area; 2090 |
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In the Nepalese Himalaya, conflict with rural communities due to livestock predation to large carnivores like snow leopard, common leopard, wolf and wild dog has risen sharply in recent years. This increase is attributed to a number of factors, including implementation and enforcement of wildlife protection laws (which have permitted a recovery in carnivore numbers), the creation of protected areas (which serve as refuges from which predators can populate the surrounding area), the depletion of natural prey due to poaching and loss of habitat, and lax livestock herding practices. However, little information is presently available upon which to design remedial programs. U.S. AID provided research funding for an in-depth assessment of snow leopard predation in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), an new innovative approach to nature conservation. Baseline information on livestock numbers and mortality were gathered during household interviews, followed by field surveys to assess animal husbandry systems, map pastures, establish periods of use and estimate stocking rates, and to characterize habitat using randomly located plots. Data substantiate the existence of depredation “hotspots”, where high loss occurs, in some cases exceeding 14% to 20% of the livestock population over a short period. Losses varied seasonally, and from year to year. Small-bodied stock like goat and sheep were more vulnerable than large-bodied stock like yak, although horses were especially vulnerable. Factors most closely associated with predation included lack of guarding (or very lax supervision), especially during the daytime, and repeated use of pastures where livestock depredators were known to be actively hunting. Herders usually reacted to repeated depredation incidents by attempting to trap or shoot the suspected culprit until losses declined to an acceptable level. As large carnivore populations become increasingly fragmented and genetically isolated, new management strategies are urgently needed, especially within the buffer zones and intervening corridors between separated parks and reserves. People reside within nearly all Himalayan protected areas, and such issues as loss of livestock and competition between wildlife and livestock cannot be avoided. A plan is offered for alleviating livestock loss in the Annapurna Conservation Area that involves local institutions in decision-making, rewards sound husbandry practices, strengthens indigenous institutions, without further eroding ACAP’s unique biological diversity and diverse carnivore population. The authors believe these measures and ideas could be fruitfully extended to other parts of the Himalaya. |
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Unpublished Report prepared for U.S. Agency for International Development, King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation. BioSystems Analysis, Tiburon, California. |
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SLN @ rana @ 219 |
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451 |
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Author |
Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment |
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Miscellaneous |
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1987 |
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No. 13 |
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estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800 |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 467 |
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36 |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
SCC Plan for snow leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Unknown |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Language |
English |
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Notes |
Unsure if Jackson, R. is the author |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ |
Serial |
1356 |
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Permanent link to this record |